Lansoprazole Lab Report

As proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) Omeprazole and Lansoprazole are effective therapeutic agents for Peptic ulcers. But which one is more effective as a PPI and highly useful for peptic ulcers disease. The basis of the distinction lies in the pharmacological safety and efficacy of each PPI, which is assessed in this paper in a head to head comparison. After obtaining the relevant literature from Database PubMed and Proquest, it is sufficient to conclude that Lansoprazole proved to be a more effective and safe than Omeprazole.

INTRODUCTION
The stomach naturally produces acid, which is mainly responsible for food digestion and the destruction of any foreign pathogen or bacteria ingested with food. Acid is secreted by stimulating the partial

cells located in the inner lining of the stomach to release acid in response to a stimulant of food ingested, sight of food, smell, or taste. This acid secretion renders the stomach pH to be very low, this strong acid is an irritant to the stomach. In protection of the stomach, a mucus layer is present to shield the lining of the stomach from damage caused by the acid. When this protective mucus layer is damaged, ulcers are formed and even to the point of perforation of the stomach (hole that causes a bleed in the stomach) 1.
This damage of the stomach is known as peptic ulcers disease in two major areas the stomach known as gastric ulcers and in duodenal as duodenal ulcers (located at the end of stomach and the beginning of the intestine).

Both ulcers have the same physiology but what distinguishes them is the location, GU is located in the stomach and DU is located in the duodenal part of intestine. There are many factors that may cause peptic ulcers such as chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSIADs), smoking, excessive drinking, and excessive gastric acid secretions caused by tumors1.
There are three types of treatments to peptic ulcers antacids, antihistamine, and proton pump inhibitors (PPI). The most important and most effective remedy is the PPI, which is the strongest type of medicine out of the three types. PPIs work by inhibiting the release of protons (hydrogen ions) from the parietal cells (the source of acid secretion) to the lumen of the stomach1. There are many several types of PPI for the purpose of this research we will examine the efficacy of only two Omeprazole and

Lansoprazole.
This narrative will focus first on the efficacy of both drugs and their unique form and what makes them more effective. Then, expressing how each drug acts when administered alone on critical cases. After that comparing them head to head in terms of pharmacology and safety, which will lead to its effect when chronically used.
METHODS
An electronic database PubMed to find information presented in this paper along with lecture administered on Gastrointestinal Tract pathophysiology to write this paper. The terms used for Boolean Operator (((“Peptic ulcer” AND “Omeprazole Efficacy” OR “Omeprazole Safety”))) OR ((“Peptic ulcer” AND “Lansoprazole Efficacy” OR “Lansoprazole Safety”)) from 2005 to October 2015. Including filters such as Species (human), publication date 5 years, article type (review), and text availability to narrow down the screech results.
The search articles were selected based the adherence to the topic of this narrative. The articles that were published before 2005 were disregarded, one article published in 1999 that stood out to me. Mainly, because it is a narrative overview of previous work which is very comprehensive and gave me an over view of the topic. This article allowed me to focus my research of each subtopic within the article.
DISCUSSION
As proton pump inhibitors Omerpazole and Lansorpzaol are similar in their role of blocking the release of H+K+ ATPase. After conducting an experiment using anodic oxidation to see the stability-indicating assay for both drugs2. Both drugs are used as an effective treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, the main difference is that Omeprezole is used in the treatment of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome (ZES)2. Another distinct difference is that Omeprazole has longer duration of action1 in regards to the inhibition of acid release, that one tablet is sufficient as a daily dose as stated in the article. This study showed a unique perspective in analyzing these two drugs (anodic polarography). This shows a distinctive side when comparing these two drugs in terms of oxidation and polarity, which indicates similar efficacy of both drugs. According to the author, the results of this experiment were comparable to those recently published with the anodic method2. However, it is mentioned in another article that Lansoprazole is an effective drug in treating ZES3. In the treatment of 38 patients who are diagnosed with ZES became asymptomatic within 1-3 weeks and were completely healed from acid related lesions within 3 months3.
When assessing Omeprazole alone as an intravenous infusion is not sufficient in recurrent bleeding from an ulcer. Dr. Sung in his randomized endoscopic therapy study of 1810 patients diagnosed with bleeding ulcers suggests that a combination of omeprazole infusion and endoscopic therapy is much more effective treatment than infusion alone4. In addition to the administration of a high dose of oral omeprazole4 to prevent recurrent bleeding. Meanwhile, when administering Lansoprazole alone showed 90.1% reduction in risk of ulcer recurrence according to the Dr. Sugano5. This experiment is also done in double blind randomized setting with 771 patients who have recurrent bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcers7.
As far as safety both drugs exhibit the same high safety profile3 in terms of drug interactions and adverse effects. But on the contrary, based on limited evidence of case control studies, the author of pharmacokinetic drug interactions profile of PPIs stated that omeprazole has a considerable potential for drug interaction than Lansoprazole6. This claim is based on the fact that omeprazole has been available longer than other PPIs6 such as Lansoprazole. This is also consistent with the pharmacological study done on Lansoprazole, which concluded that their properties differ greatly with respect to their pharmacological properties and chemical structures7. For example, Lansoprazole acquires a trifluoroethoxy group7 as a result of the addition of fluorine, which appears to improve its pharmacological activity than to Omeprazole. Therefore, since omeprazole is first discovery of PPIs is considered to have more drug interactions, after refining its properties lead to the discovery of Lansoprazole acquires a better pharmacological ingredient.
Although both drugs are beneficial and of equal degree of effectiveness, when the two drugs are compared in a head to head trials there was a slight difference in their efficacy.

For example in the article relating to the assessment of PPI specifically their efficacy and safety shows better healing rates of Lansoprazole in shorter-term3. This study had conducted clinical trails on patients with duodenal ulcers and the results shown better healing results with Lansoprazole than Omeprazole within 2 weeks. Nevertheless, the overall rates of healing were the same after 4 weeks. That is why the results were not significant according to the author because both drugs were able to achieve the same end result3. The author of this article presents similar publications by different authors to show that his results are consistent with their findings. This shows consistency in regards to better healing rates of Lansoprazole that were observed after a short period of time and the same overall equivalent end result of both

PPIs.
Researchers investigated the difference between proton pump inhibitors and found consistent common pharmacology between all drugs in this class8 (Omeprazole, Esosenoprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantorapzole, and Rabeprazole) that were compared in this study. In this article relating to the clinical and pharmacological basis stated that Lansoprazole is equipotent to Omeprazole as well as Pantoprazole8. This finding is still very consistent with previous articles supporting the similar potencies and effectiveness of PPIs.
Now for those who are on chronic use of PPIs for more than 5 years9 showed a correlation with a highly risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia and bone fracture. This is based on case control studies mentioned in the article on long-term use of PPIs. In other words, patients who are chronically using PPIs must watch their intake of PPIs to prevent long-term adverse effects leading to osteoporosis causing bone fractures. The correlation was shown as a result of a high variable effect of acid suppression on calcium absorption9.
CONCLUSION
As proton pump inhibitors, both Omeprazole and Lansoprazole are good at treating peptic ulcers disease and ZE syndrome. Although both exhibit similar characteristics over the course of weeks, Lansoprazole still proves to show faster healing rates and more potent in preventing recurrent of bleeding ulcers. Also, Omeprazole clinically manifest greater drug interactions (since it was discovered first) than Lansoprazole. Overall the my question