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Aristotle's politics ideas
Gender and sexuality in ancient Greece
Sexuality in ancient Greece and Rome
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La paideia homosexuelle: Foucault, Platon et Aristote
ABSTRACT: As Michel Foucault describes it, the homosexual paideia in classical Greece was an erotic bonding between a boy who had to learn how to become a man, and a mature man who paid court to him. In many of his dialogues, Plato plays with this scheme: he retains the erotic atmosphere, but he inverts and purifies the whole process in the name of virtue and wisdom. In the Republic, however, Socrates' pupil forsakes this model in favor of a bisexual education for the shepherds and shepherdesses of the State. Aristotle resolutely opposes this move. He thus reverts to a kind of homosexual paideia for the future citizens of his ideal state, but this choice fosters many unspoken problems.
À la fin du premier livre de la Politique (1260b8-19), Aristote souligne l'importance d'une éducation appropriée des femmes, qui forment « une moitié de la population libre », et des enfants, qui deviendront « des citoyens participant au gouvernement de la cité ». Cette formation doit être définie « en tenant le regard fixé sur la constitution de la cité »: elle variera donc de concert avec les diverses formes de gouvernement. Pourtant, lorsqu'il analyse celles-ci, le Stagirite ne se préoccupe pas de leurs arrangements éducatifs, pas plus que sa cité idéale n'aborde la question de l'éducation féminine: pour mieux comprendre cet étonnant silence, il faut comparer la politique aristotélicienne de l'éducation à celle de Platon, mais sur la toile de fond de la paideia homosexuelle telle que la décrit Foucault.
1- La « paideia » homosexuelle
Selon K. J. Dover (1982: 13), la culture grecque diffère de la nôtre par quatre traits: tout d'abord, « elle admet facilement l'apparition successive de préférences homosexuelles et hétérosexuelles chez un même individu »; en second lieu, « elle nie implicitement que cette succession ou cette coexistence puisse créer des problèmes particuliers pour l'individu ou la société »; troisièmement, « elle réagit favorablement aux manifestations d'un désir homosexuel en paroles ou en gestes »; enfin, « elle a du goût pour un libre traitement des sujets homosexuels dans la littérature ou dans les arts plastiques ». C'est dans ce contexte que s'est élaborée la pédagogie homosexuelle, c'est-à-dire, dans les termes d'Élisabeth Badinter (1992: 121), « [l']apprentissage de la virilité par le moyen de l'homosexualité ». Cette forme particulière d'éducation est longuement décrite par Michel Foucault dans L'usage des plaisirs.
Foucault capitalizes that power and knowledge contribute to the discourse of sex; he discusses how people in power controlled this discourse to repress sex entirely. Foucault talks about the repressive hypothesis in his book. The repressive hypothesis states that whoever holds the power, also controls the discourse on sexuality. Specifically, those in power, according to the repressive hypothesis, exercise to repress the discussion of sex. In addition, Foucault comments that knowledge represents power. Whoever has the power can dictate the language of the population, thus this causes powerful people to also regulate the knowledge of the population. Although Foucault does not agree with every aspect that the repressive hypothesis exclaims, he agrees about the timing of when people started to repress sex. With rise of the bourgeoisie in the 17th century, a rise in tighter control about sex also took place. Foucault stated that the discourse of sex remained
Patterson, Thomas C. "Tribes, Chiefdoms, and Kingdoms in the Inca Empire.” Power Relations and State Formation (1987): 1-15,117-127.
In the United States government, it is very likely to see the unbalanced relationship between career-emphasis work and personal achievement. Politics as a whole is a very fast-paced, insensible career area. Politicians are driven to achieve not because of personal interests but because of career advancement. ‘The West Wing’ entertains viewers with the relationships of its characters, such as the “one-night stand” Sam had with a female prostitute that began the show in the first episode, “Pilot”. The show falsely gives attention to the personal lives of the characters, most likely for entertainment value, that would otherwise be ignored in the reality of politics. “Why ‘The West Wing’ Is A Terrible Guide to American Democracy” explains that the show “falls prey to the fallacy of personality-driven politics” (3). The article also explains other ways to make the show more politically correct for
“In particular, sacrificing human embryos would fundamentally depart from the long-honored Hippocratic ethic which teaches, ‘First do not harm.’” (William Cheshire)
It was said that in the Greek millenium “ .. male attachments are presented in an honorific light, through there were always some skeptics. But for many biographers, for man not to have had a male lover seems to have bespoken a lack of character or a deficiency in sensibility.” Homosexuality was accepted and even encouraged, it was seen as very manly and noble. Men would gain acceptance throughout their society if the were known to have been with a male lover. Many philosophers such as Plato, believed homosexuality was acceptable. He wrote that he understood other philosophers views on this topic but did not completely agree with their views. He himself was Gay which changed his philosophy about it, he would write from his perspective of it. In Greek society young men were encouraged to be with older men so they could learn from them, and then in the future could help guide other young men. This philosophy of guiding younger men was so that the society around them could appear as a stronger and well put together community.
Aristophanes has mildly insulted the previous speakers in two ways. By claiming that one of the original forms was androgynous, he has suggested that heterosexuality is at least as natural as male homosexuality – as is being a lesbian. In contrast, Empedokles in fact did hold to a theory of sorts based on fitness to the environment, the description at 191c strongly suggests that only heterosexual relationships yielding only a temporary satisfaction and relief, allowing the participants to go about their business.
The office contains Leo, Toby, Josh, and Sam, which are all part of the White House staff, part of the team. The four male figures mentioned focus on certain aspects dealing with the president and their image in the news and media coverage. The team mainly cons...
The question of women’s agency, in moving history holds a long history dating back to the ancients, then turning away from that in small degrees during the Renaissance. Most notable in this change comes from the capital of education, the Italianate states. Home to rife differences in attitudes towards women, it also hosts the origins of the discussion around women’s purpose. The current field largely finds inspiration from writers during the American 1970s women’s rights movement, and it shows in the modern origins and their influence. However, the field’s creation date loom farther back than such a recent movement, easily dating back to Plato and Aristotle. Beginning with a negative view of the female sex as inferiority, the study of women and their rights progressed to Giovanni Boccaccio’s creation of female biography in 1374, and further developed with a female voice in 1405 under the pen of Christine de Pizan. Clearly, none of the prestigious scholars could have predicted the alterations and growth of the discussion surrounding a people group often considered subhuman.
Thompson, James C. "Marriage in Ancient Athens." Womenintheancientworld.com. N.p., July 2010. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. .
If someone wants to practice psychology you need a doctorate degree to practice but do not need to go to medical school. I think that there are many differences in each career and you must always ask yourself what is right for you. You must also take into consideration that school is a big part of this career path and you must dedicate your self to studying even when not in school anymore. It 's kind of like a professor in that regard you must also read medical journals and scholastic magazines in order to keep current on procedures and in teaching
Monroe, Kristen, et al., eds. Fundamentals of the Stem Cell Debate: The Scientific, Religious, Ethical and Political Issues. Los Angeles/Berkley: University of California Press, 2008. Print
Donald Bruce; ‘Conversations: ethics, science, stem cells.’ EuroStemCell. Youtube, 2013. Youtube. Web. 9 Dec 2013.
Men were known to be all bisexual. It was normal in the ancient Greece for a man to find both sexes attractive, but their private lives in the classical Athens were more different from anything than being bisexual; which is what experience is today. Moreover, it was not common for men to have relationships with men of the same age. Relatively, men had relationships with adolescent boys or older man. It was common for men to married before the age of 30. On the other hand, women were known to be regularly prostitutes and sex was well known to be cheap in the city. In addition, a women father had arranged marriage for their daughter at the early age of 16. Their marriage was typically arranged with a man who was twice older than her; Often, someone well known by the family or related to the family such as an
Halperin, David. "Is There a History of Sexuality?." The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Ed. Henry
Located in South America, Bolivia is not only a very diverse nation but also a very divided one. Throughout much of its history Bolivia has been home to violence, poverty, and political instability with the constant rise and fall of leaders. Many of the rising governments in its more recent history have contained aspects of totalitarianism, including its current one. The current Morales Government has implemented many policies of totalitarianism into Bolivia, few of which have actually helped the country but rather have led to the rise or increase in many significant issues. Bolivia’s early history was fairly stable but after the Chaco War, which lasted from 1932 to 1935, the governmental stability within the country rapidly deteriorated (Facts on File, Britannica). Bolivia gained independence in 1825, fairly early...