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Sign languages learned by Koko
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Koko is a very special gorilla. She can really communicate with humans using her hands. She was the very first gorilla to learn and understand American Sign Language.
Koko was born in a San Francisco zoo, but soon after she was born, she became very ill and had to be cared for in the zoo’s nursery. That’s when Penny Patterson
Penny believed that if gorillas could learn sign language, they could communicate with humans. So, when Koko was just a year old, Penny began teaching her American Sign Language. Koko’s first words were ‘drink’, ‘eat’ and ‘more’. By the time Koko was five years old, she could sign over 200 words. Now, Koko is forty fours years old, and she uses more than 1000 words. She can even be silly and make jokes!
Gorilla’s have always had their own body language. They beat their chests and use sounds and simple gestures to communicate in the wild. Maybe that is why Koko could learn sign language so easily.
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Today, Koko lives in California, in a peaceful sanctuary with a male gorilla called Ndume and her human caregivers Penny Patterson and Ron Cohn. Koko loves to play, watch movies. Her favourite movies are Free Willy and Babe. She loves looking through pictures books. Her favourite books are about gorillas and cats. She loves to paint and has had her very own art exhibition. She enjoys playing musical instruments. Koko loves to eat, and her favourite foods are nuts, apples, corn on the cob and leafy greens she call’s ‘browse’.
Koko even has celebrity friends!
All Ball was Koko’s first kitten. Over the years, Koko has been a foster mother to many other kittens. She is always so gentle and loving, taking care of them like real gorilla babies. It is Koko’s greatest wish that someday she can foster a real gorilla baby of her own.
Koko has helped us understand that humans and gorillas are really not that different. Like us they have forward facing eyes, ears on the sides of their heads, four fingers and a thumb on each hand. They are just like us inside too. Gorillas are smart. They think and have feelings. Most of the time, they are happy and playful, but sometimes they can feel sad or afraid. Koko laughs when she’s tickled and cries out when she’s sad. Koko even knows when she is being naughty.
Most importantly, gorillas and humans share one of the strongest human emotions, and that is love. We are just cousins sitting on different branches of the same family
tree. In the wild, Gorillas are normally calm, gentle animals. They live in groups called ‘troops’ led by one large male gorilla called a ‘Silverback’. It is his job to protect the troop, and are usually only aggressive if threatened or provoked. It is sad that the gorilla’s only real threat is us humans. If humans continue to cut down the trees in the African forests, the gorillas will have no place to live. They have even been killed for sport. We must help protect these beautiful animals so that they can continue to live in their natural environment.
This article, titled Common Ground, written by Barbara Smuts, points out the main differences between humans and apes, such as our upright stance, large brains, and capacity for spoken language and abstract reasoning. However, the main point of this article is to emphasize the many similarities that apes share with us. Smuts goes into great detail about how human social and emotional tendencies are very reflective in the family of apes.
Chimpanzees make tools and use them to procure foods and for social exhibitions; they have refined hunting tactics requiring collaboration, influence and rank; they are status cognizant, calculating and capable of trickery; they can learn to use symbols and understand facets of human language including some interpersonal composition, concepts of number and numerical sequence and they are proficient in spontaneous preparation for a future state or event.
The physical characteristics of a gorilla are, the male may be from a height of 5.5 ft and a weight of about 400 lbs. The female can be as tall as 5 ft. and weight almost about half the weight of the male. Their skull is pretty much similar to ours, but their bones are thicker. The gorillas spin...
The gorilla, named Ishmael, can communicate telepathically. Communicating with him in this fashion, the narrator learns Ishmael’s background - in which the gorilla was stolen from the wild and displayed in a menagerie, then rescued by a Holocaust survivor who taught him his name and how to learn. Impressed, the narrator decides to accept his teachings, returning to Ishmael's office throughout the story.
While there are noticeable by differences in social conduct between these two primates, I argue that they are extra of similar behaviors than most books have suggested. This book portrays several reasons that modern views of bonobo and chimpanzee cultures may not harmonize well with ground data. Bonobos are derived since their behavior has been defined lately than that of chimpanzees, and the likelihood that explanations of bonobo-chimpanzee differences are echoes of human male-female alterations.
...t only is a gorilla completely different from us, but it is also one of the smartest species. By hearing a different point of view of our society, it opens up people’s minds. Everything changes when an individual not living in our society tells us that we are wrong.
The theory was that gorillas were just one species, but gradually changed as they spread and adapted to different habitats. Gorillas are non-territorial and live in groups called “troops” or “bands” that usually consist of one to four adult males, a few females, and their young. When the young matures, they go off and join or form another troop. The oldest and strongest adult males are called silverbacks, which are dominant in the troop. They were given this name because of the known silver-colored hair on their backs. This silver-colored hair is developed through maturity of the gorilla, you can usually begin to see this when the male is over 12 years of age. Silverbacks are more aggressive than any other group member, since the troops’ safety is their responsibility. Even when resources are limited the male receives the dominant portion of the food. The Silverback makes all the groups decisions, so when the silverback dies the “troop” or “band” will disburse and form or join a new group. Younger males are called “blackbacks” because of the fact they have not yet grown the silver hair. Although not all male gorillas receive a silver hair color.
Primates, any placental mammal of the order Primates, normally having flexible hands and feet and, in the higher apes, a highly developed brain (“Primate”, 2016), have been one of the most popular animals and prominent attractions in zoos.
Do non-human primates have communication, language, both, or neither? By definition, communication is the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information (Snowdon). Communication is very closely related to social behavior since they are both referring to the ways animals interact with each other (Quiatt and Reynolds 1993). Conversely, language is defined as a system of communication using sounds or gestures that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules (Haviland et al. 2010). Non-human primates and human primates are similar in many ways, and communication is no exception. They both have various types of communication senses and styles. Human primate communication senses consist of sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch. Non-human primates mainly understand the world through sight, but smell, taste, and hearing are important as well (Quiatt and Reynolds 1993). Human primates are capable of speaking a language, while non-human primates use different vocal calls to communicate. In essence, the difference is simple, human primates have language while non-human primates do not. Even though non-human primates do not have language, they do have communication.
For the purpose of this paper I visited the Los Angeles Zoo, on October 23, 2015. Luckily I was able to visit all of the animals in the short amount of time I had. I primarily stayed at the Gorilla and Chimp exhibit to understand their behaviors and how they act like us.
... the gorillas are taken away from their family and are living in captivity. It is still important to study primates in-depth, and a solution to the ethical issues may be to breed primates within the conservatory.
Bonobos and gorillas are often found socializing in groups but orangutans are more solitary primates usually keeping to just the children they have (Absolutely Apes). Most scientists believe that bonobos are the most intelligent of the primates(Absolutely Apes). They share many of the behaviors us humans do day to day, like teaching...
Chimpanzees portray their emotions through a number of facial expressions and mannerisms. Just like humans, they undergo mood swings, jealous rages, and laughter. For instance, Goodall observed during her research that a male gorilla “would threaten [me] with an upward and backward movement jerk of his head…” Some of their emotions are easy to read, while at other times we have to look at multiple places on their faces to understand their feelings. A chimpanzee also uses its facial expressions and sounds to communicate with each other, such as hoots and yells.
One recent headline in the news showed an extraordinary event on film. When a three-year-old boy fell into a gorilla enclosure at the zoo, and was knocked unconscious. A female Gorilla named Binti Jua picked up the boy, and cradled him in her arms as if he was her own. The gorilla then gently carried the boy over to the caretaker’s door and set him down. Did the gorilla feel empathy for the boy? By watching the film alone the gorilla seemed to show emotions for the boy, but without studying the animal neurobiologically scientists cannot understand how her emotions and cognitions were linked.
Gestural theory is one of the most important theories in the origin of language because it can explain why infants and the early human being can create their own language. The early human or cavemen communicated by hitting sticks on walls, and experimenting with the sound and the vibration of the stick. They also drew pictures and symbols on the sand or rocks and they would do signs with their hand like a sign language to represent different animals while they were hunting. Thus, it gave ideas that primitive people also have their own language to communicate with each other; one of them is the sign language. From a grammatical standpoint, sign language is just as sophisticated as spoken language because sign language placed on the same “language areas” in the left hemisphere as spoken languages do and in particular the Broca’s area, which lies very close to the motor areas that control the arms and hands. According to Helen J. Neville and her colleagues of the University of Oregon, both Broca's and Wernicke's areas, the two main language-mediating areas in the left side of the brain, are activated in deaf signers while they watch sentences in American Sign Language (ASL) and the result is similar to the hearing people when they listened to spoken sentences. This study shows that sign