King David Kalakaua
Today, many people know of King David Kalakaua as the Renaissance Man, someone who brought back the Hawaiian culture that was once banned, and almost forgotten. King David Kalakaua is also known for creating the famous festival that is known around the world today as The Merrie Monarch. However, many people are still unaware of all the other great historical things that King David Kalakaua did for Hawaii, and the history behind David himself. King David Kalakaua loved to travel, was very well educated and even rebuilt the famous ‘Iolani Palace that still stands today in Honolulu, and these are just to name a few of the long list of great achievements of King David Kalakaua.
First are his early years. November 16,1836 on the island of Oahu is where the life of King David Kalakaua begins. Son of Chief Caesar Kapa’akea and Cheifess Anale’a Keohokalole, Kalakaua was the seventh monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai’i. However David Kalakaua was not raised by his birthparents, another Ali’i Family raised him. It was a Hawaiian custom that allowed children to be raised by a higher-ranking family, this was called hanai. David was raised by his hanai mother, Chiefess Ha’aheo the governor of Maui. David attended the Chiefs’ Children’s School for nine years that was taught by missionaries. Then when David
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was fourteen he started military training with a Prussian ex-captain named Franz Funk and two years later at the age of sixteen he was commissioned a captain in the Hawaiian army. Not only was he interested in the military, but also David was also interested in Law. A year later at the age of seventeen he studied law under C.C. Harris. Before David Kalakaua became king, he had held a number of government positions such as an army major on King Kamehameha IV’s staff, and a member of the House of Nobles in 1858. Not only was he the great entertainer we know of today but he was also a very well educated man that loved the military and law, and this all started at a very young age. Many people might believe or say that David Kalakaua had become King by being next in line for the throne, but that was not his case. When the current King Kamehameha V died in 1872, he had no heir apparent. This is where David decided that he wanted to become king, however David had to run in an election against William Charles Lunalilo. Unfortunately Lunalilo won by majority of the votes however one year after becoming King of Hawai’i, Lunalilo died due to poor health. This was another chance for David to become King. Running in another election against Queen Emma, she was the wife of King Kamehameha IV. David had won the election and ruled as king of Hawai’i in 1874 and continued to rule for the next seventeen years. This means that since David was King, his wife Kapi’olani became Queen. David and Kapi’olani had married in 1863, and had no children. The Queen had so much love and concern for her Hawaiian people, and wanted to protect them in any way possible just as King David Kalakaua did himself. There are many people that are unaware that King David Kalakaua was the reason the sugar and rice plantations started. During his election he needed to participate in a number of diplomatic missions where he then traveled to the United States. While being King, David Kalakaua had created the Reciprocity Treaty. He wanted the congress in the United States to adopt a Reciprocity Treaty. This would be an agreement between the United States and Hawai’i to allow certain goods into each country without paying imported taxes. Hawai’i wanted to sell their sugar and rice to the United States, and the U.S. wanted to use Hawai’i as a military base, and also wanted to keep Hawai’i from forming an alliance against them. So in 1876 the treaty was signed which allowed sugars and rice to be imported to the U.S. with out being taxed, and goods from the U.S. was also being imported to Hawai’i. However this included a lot of foreigners coming to Hawai’i to run and work in the sugar and rice plantations. With any type of foreigners, they brought diseases, didn’t abide by the rules but this treaty did bring in money for Hawai’i. King Kalakaua did not only travel to the U.S. but also around the world, he wanted to extend his knowledge of other places. He traveled to places like Honolulu, San Francisco, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, India, Egypt, and he was even the first foreign monarch to ever visit Japan in 1881. He was loved not only in Hawai’i, but also all around the world. The ‘Iolani Palace is greatly known around the world today, and is currently still standing in Oahu. However, the palace that is there today is not the original palace, while King David Kalakaua was in the U.S. coping with the affairs of Hawai’i, he wanted to renovate the palace that Queen Liliokalani and his self resided at. Since he was traveling at the time he put his brother in-law to be in charge. To do so, the Hawaiian legislature gave him $16,000 to renovate the palace. Come to find out that the Palace was so old and the structure was going bad. No one wanted to waste any more money to fix it, so it was then torn down. When King David returned to Hawai’i, he discovered the building was torn down due to structural damage; the only thing left was the foundation. In surprise of the Palace being demolished, the king waned his palace back and took a few years to persuade the legislature to give him enough money to build him a new official residence. Over the next few years the building of the ‘Iolani Palace cost went up to $343,545. The structure that still stands today was all because of the rebuild by King David Kalakaua. Soon it became difficult in Hawai’i for the king to rule due to all the changes in the government. The Hawaiian league had almost no native Hawaiian members and the wealthy pro-America businessmen felt that the King should share his power with them. Unfortunately, Kalakaua was not able to win the struggle and on July 6,1887 the king signed a new constitution giving away most of his authority. This was known as the Bayonet Constitution of 1887. When David signed the constitution it not only gave away his power but also gave away the native people their power. The constitution could now allow the non-Hawaiian males to vote in Hawaii and to add to this, fewer native Hawaiians were allowed to vote because the income and property requirements were increased. Also the insurgents went and used the non-Hawaiian votes to offset the native Hawaiian votes to gain full control of the Legislative Assembly, since there were more white men voting then Hawaiians. Many people were very upset with Kalakaua and his decision to sign the new constitution, but it was going to happen either way. With most of his power over Hawai’i gone, Kalakaua was still known as the King. That was one of the reasons he had signed the constitution giving up his power. He still wanted to be king, and was worried that the Hawaiian League might have forced him out of his kingship if he did not willingly sign Which is true, Kalakaua either had the choice of signing it peacefully or he was going to be overthrown. Many native Hawaiians tried to get back the power of the Monarchy but failed as the power of the non-Hawaiians were to strong. Even with his authority over Hawai’i gone, King Kalakaua still travel around. Kalakaua made a trip to the United States and ended up in San Francisco. It is unknown what business he was working on however the king would not make it backs to Hawai’i alive. Unfortunately, while in the U.S the king was very ill, and had suffered from heart, kidney, and liver problems for quite some time. On January 20,1891 Kalakaua died of Bright’s disease which is a kidney ailment. Kalakaua’s return was not as joyful as it was supposed to be, the people of Hawai’i and Queen Kapiolani waited for his arrival near Le’ahi bay for his ship to arrive. Only to find that the King had passed away. Instead of the attending the ball at the palace for the return of Kalakaua, the people of Hawai’i went to King David Kalakaua's funeral instead. He now remains resting peacefully in Mauna’ala, the Royal Mausoleum in Nu’uanu. King David Kalakaua doesn’t get the full credit that he deserves. People continue to see him as the man who created the Merrie Monarch. There is a lot more behind his legacy. He was a very intelligent man who always looked for new things to explore and learn.
He enjoyed the military and also loved the study of Law. He was a joyful man that enjoyed the Hawaiian traditions of Hula, language and music. Creating a few of the songs known and sung today. He also had so much care and compassion for Hawaii and its people, seeking only good for the country. While king, he dealt with the past, present issues and prepaid for the future of Hawai’i. David Kalakaua did whatever he could to keep Hawai’i safe and strong. He never saw himself above others but just as equal. He loved to travel and was loved all around the world, Asia, Europe, and the United States. And continues to be loved for many more years to
come.
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