Keohane And Martin's Theory Of Neo-Liberalism And Neorealism

The neorealism theory argues that IOs are and will be essentially ineffective, as they cannot prevent sovereignty states pursue self-interests and engaging in power politics. Keohane and Martin argue that “institutions are created simply in response to state interests, and that their character is structured by the prevailing distribution of capabilities.” (Keohane and Martin: 1995: 47). John Mearsheimer doesn 't entirely agree with this theory, arguing that IOs only have marginal power, giving way to the arena of power politics among states, making themselves a reflection of the distribution of power in the international relations. (Mearsheimer: 2004: 13) Mearsheimer challenge Keohane and Martin’s theory by claiming that IOs could only contribute

Although UN faces myriad challenges when get states together to follow UN’s norms and “blueprints”, it becomes progressively geared towards its ‘utopian’ goal ,during the time that the UN struggle to coordinate the states’ action and keep the international community in peace. Neo-liberalists are also argued that the international organisations like UN represent a liberal self-understanding and a liberal vision of the role which has shaped the international order in terms of decolonisation, human rights, environmental protection and international law. Neo-liberalists highlighted the significance of the cooperation between UN and regional organizations, as these regional organisations become inseparable in the process of international diplomatic predicting, “the international community will increasingly direct itself towards combined action of the universal Organization with regional bodies.” (Cassese: 2005: 338) This Link can be found between the UN and other regional organizations such as the European Union, Association of South East Asian Nations, the African Union, the Arab League and so on. This is widely regarded by neon-liberalists as they believe IOs are able to reformulate the behaviour of States. It is also proved the failure of neorealism that who underestimate the utility and wide influence of international organizations,. Further discussion about their motivations to how IOs influence States conduct by both promoting cooperation amongst members whilst at the same time putting the leash on those with non-cooperative behaviours, like trade sanctions. Navari argue that once cooperation amongst States is institutionalised, States would be cautious to leave it, because they fear of the uncertain consequences. (Navari: 2009: 39) European Union is a good example, as once European countries take part in the formal membership they have been