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Kansas City Police Preventive Patrol Study
Kansas City Police Preventive Patrol Study
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After reading and researching information about the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment, I agree with the findings. The determination of the experiment was that changing some regular patrols to marked patrols did not statistically alter some crimes being committed, did not change the public perception of safety, and did not improve or decrease community satisfaction with the police. The report was challenged for several of its methods of determining objective results and for the selection of the areas tested. If the Kansas City Police Department had excellent leadership, intellectual planning capability, the support of the citizens, and advised officers; it would have been able to mount and nurture experiment in preventive patrol. (Police …show more content…
Foundation, 2016) According to the research of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment it basically, assumed that the marked patrols patrolling the areas lower the response time, the greater the chance of apprehending the criminal.
The findings never argue that patrol officers are necessary. Instead, the research found that response time and citizen attitudes did not vary among the three experimental districts. In fact, the findings stimulated more questions when it was learned that response time is a complex factor determined by distance, speed, geography, the attitude of the officer, and behavior of the citizen who called the police. Also, the research never examines why citizens delayed their call time. “The distinction between involvement and discovery crimes is an important factor in any consideration of police response time” (Cordner, 2016, p.391). The most important resource in any organization is people and more direction to patrol officers to structure unassigned time activities. (Famega, Frank & Mazerolle, 2005) (References) Cordner, G. W. (2016). Police Administration, 9th Edition. Waltham, MA: Routledge Publishing. P. 391. Retrieved July 21, 2017, from https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps/default.aspx?SectionID=5753&tabid=154#1 Deployment by analysis. (2000). TELEMASP Bulletin, 7(2), 1-7. Retrieved July 21, 2017, from
https://bethelu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.bethelu.idm.oclc.org/docview/198030540?accountid=56725 Famega, C. N., Frank, J., & Mazerolle, L. (2005). Managing police patrol time: The role of supervisor directives. Justice Quarterly: JQ, 22(4), 540-559. Retrieved July 21, 2017, from https://bethelu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.bethelu.idm.oclc.org/docview/228177475?accountid=56725
The author focuses on the U.S. Task Force on 21st Century Policing and Police Data Initiative or PDI to determine if it helps to restore trust and the broken relationship between and communities and police officers. The Task Force made by Barack Obama recommended the analysis of department policies, incidents of misconduct, recent stops and arrests, and demographics of the officers. The PDI has tasked 21 cities to comprehend the police behavior and find out what to do to change it. Also PDI was said to have data and information on vehicle stops and shootings by police officers. The use of statistics has a purpose to help rebuild trust and the relationship between and communities and police officers.
Ratcliffe, J H, Taniguchi, T, Groff, E R, et al. (2011). “The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Police Patrol Effectiveness in Violent Crime Hotspots.” Criminology, 49(3), 795-831.
The results of the study data found that the strategy of hot spot identification and targeting caused a lasting reduction of crime and disorder behaviors within the target areas. Vehicle patrols within the target areas were found to cause a residual deterrent effect but research data showed that the duration at which officers need to stay within the hot spot area in order to have a greater residual effect is approximately 10 minutes. Further, the optimal time frame for officers to stay within the target area is 10 to 14 minutes. Continued officer presence within the hot spot area after 14 minutes has a diminished effect (Koper, 1995). In addition, the strategy of intensified patrols was found to reduce total police calls for service within
The Kansas City Study, also known as the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment, was an experiment conducting in Kansas by the City Police Department and the Police Foundation to study whether or not routine patrol of clearly marked police cars had an effect on crime! The experiment was conducted between October 1972 through the end of 1973, and proved that departments can conduct these sorts of tests without jeopardizing public safety! Patrols were controlled in 15 areas; In the first five areas, police officers were not allowed to patrol the area, but could respond to distress calls from residents. The second five areas maintained a normal patrol, while the third five areas had patrols doubled or even tripled! Surprisingly, the study concluded
Throughout this course, the organization for my research has been with the Memphis Police Department. This law enforcement agency is grounded in the fundamentals of creating and maintaining a complete environment of public safety. The Memphis Police Department’s vision is dedicated to zero tolerance for crime and compassion for the needs, liberties, and expectations of all citizens. The pursuit of peace and tranquility rest on the shoulders of the nineteen hundred commissioned officer, sworn to protect the citizens of Memphis (Memphis Police Department, 2018). The number of officers has been the debate for some time as the amount of officers is steadily declining. The department is struggling to get to two thousand officers to patrol the streets
Crime Analysis has many benefits to the community. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. Crime prevention and community satisfaction with police services, while linked to the number of officers on the streets, does not depend entirely on the visibility of patrol officers. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. So in closing I believe that departments that take the positive elements of foot patrols and combine their efforts with crime analysis that focuses on the time, location, and type of crime, may use the findings to develop strategies to decrease crime and enhance the quality of life in their communities.
Directed patrol is a method that can be effective when the goal of a police department is to reduce or try to eliminate a specific crime (Fritsch, 2009, pg. 82). In this method patrol officers are given specific instructions from the high command about what they need to do during their shift; the specific tasks that are assigned to the patrol officers will help achieve the organizational goals and citizens’ demand of reducing the specific crimes and many times these tasks will take priority over non-emergency service calls (Fritsch, 2009, pg. 85). There has been many experiments that have tried to test the effectiveness of directed patrol; the Kansas City police department experiment was one of them and it concluded that directed patrol can actually be effective when trying to reduce gun related crimes at a low cost, however the experiment also found that directed patrol requires patrol officers to spend a lot of time doing other important tasks instead of patrol, which will reduce the amount of officers that are available to take service calls
A number of the police officials that were not ranked as detective was sympathetic to the study because it supported their own impression of how investigators functioned (Greenwood, P. 1979). A number of the chief of police were hostile because it was being used by other cities official as an excuse to cut the police (Greenwood, P 1979). There were others that refused to accept the findings because of limited number of departments the analysis research were drawn (Greenwood, P
...is research article, the author paid attention to using literature that was examined, compared and tested in different areas.” This article advises policy makers and communities to form stronger relationships with police authorities and concentrate on preventing crime, reduce fear of crime and improve the lives of residents. It is important that other publications be reviewed and examined to find valid and reliable data that can be retested.
This technique was a way for police to systematically identify crime patterns and the potential causes of those patterns. One such example of this is if police think that a known tavern has had many violent calls due to the fact they are serving drinks to intoxicated people, the police can try to revoke the tavern’s liquor license. The results from such studies have shown a statistically significant average effect in reducing calls about crime and disorder, crime reports, and other measures (Weisburd et al. 2008). Even more helpful will be the results of a direct comparison of problem solving and pure patrolling in a randomized experiment currently being completed by the Police Executive Research Forum. By comparing the different techniques of routine patrols and Problem Oriented Policing in the same kinds of hot spots within the same police department, the Police Executive Research Forum experiment will provide the best evidence on the cost effectiveness of the two approaches. This may potentially dictate a direction that policing may go in the near
If I were the Police Chief in Kansas City at the time of this experiment I would not make major changes. However I would examine our policies and practices concerning how we deployed our uniform patrol personnel. I would likely contact the community through some form of social forum to bring them together to discuss why we did this experiment and how it will help us to better serve them. I would lay out what the experiment involved and some, not all of the findings. I say not all findings because while the experiment did show that crime was not affected by random proactive patrol I do not want criminals to know this or believe that crime is not able to be stopped. I would want all citizens including the criminals to know we will be out there
The most common form of patrolling seen today is car patrols. As of 1984, an average police department has approximately 50 percent of their officers in patrol cars (Green, 1984). A great deal of the money that departments receive for funding will go into patrol cars (Green, 1984) and the main purpose of this form of patrol is to respond to calls of illegal activity, accidents and keep a presence within the community to help deterrent criminal activity (Green, 1984). The biggest advantage that this form of patrol has is that the presence of these officers are seen in several areas in the community in fast and efficient way. One officer can often be seen at one end of a community at any given time and again at another end of the community a little while later. Cars are easier to keep mobile in almost all weather conditions too.
The Police Foundation and the Charles Koch Foundation conducted a series of studies on the use of foot patrol to develop a practical guide on how to effectively implement an evidence-based foot patrol strategy. The most important finding of the study was that foot patrol created the opportunity to build relationships between officers and people of the community. This opportunity enhanced enforcement and problem-solving for the officers and positively changed officer outlook by the community[2].
Federal funding for community policing was redirected to fund homeland security and counter terrorism after 9-11. Cities like Cleveland had to take away large parts of their community policing units(Butterfield 2004). Since community policing varies and is different in different departments it 's difficult and too broad of a concept to do empirical evaluation(Committee to Review Research 2004 National Research Council). The way to handle this issue is to break down community policing to its various elements such as hot spot policing, broken windows, problem oriented policing, third party policing, and
Both methods of policing have been the subject to great scrutiny and research by criminal justice professionals for many years now. “Police (foot or motorized) patrol has been evaluated for least 40 years with mixed results. Much of the most recent and methodologically complex evaluations have indicated that police patrol decreased criminal activity” (Andresen & Malleson, 2014, P.