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Development of technology in policing
Development of technology in policing
Technology in police essay
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The RAND study sought to determine if differences in training, staffing, workload, or procedures had an effect on arrest or clearance rates. The research was a form of natural variation analysis, not an experimental design (Greenwood, P 1979).The finding that received all the attention was that rather than the embodiment of Sherlock Holmes, detectives were “glorified clerks for the district attorney” (Hoover, 2014). The researchers could find no linkage between investigative effort and clearance rates. Subsequent analysis and several evaluative settings have by and large confirmed the RAND results there is no clear relationship between investigative technique and clearance rates (Greenwood, P and Hoover, l 2014).
The major objective of the RAND study on criminal investigations to:
1. To describe the current investigative organization and its practices
2. To access the contribution that police investigation makes to achieve their criminal justice goals.
3. To ascertain the effectiveness of new technology and systems to enhance investigation performance.
4. To reveal how investigation effectiveness
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A number of the police officials that were not ranked as detective was sympathetic to the study because it supported their own impression of how investigators functioned (Greenwood, P. 1979). A number of the chief of police were hostile because it was being used by other cities official as an excuse to cut the police (Greenwood, P 1979). There were others that refused to accept the findings because of limited number of departments the analysis research were drawn (Greenwood, P
According to Kelling, Pate, Dieckman, & Brown (1974), patrol is the “backbone” of police work. This belief is based around the premise that the mere presence of police officers on patrol prohibits criminal activity. Despite increasing budgets and the availability of more officers on the streets, crime rates still rose with the expanding metropolitan populations (Kelling et al., 1974). A one year experiment to determine the effectiveness of routine preventive patrol would be conducted, beginning on the first day of October 1972, and ending on the last day of September 1973.
Rutkin, Aviva. "Policing The Police." New Scientist 226.3023 (2015): 20-21. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
In situations when a high profile case is public, police investigators undergo amounts of severe pressure to convict a suspect and is often led to convict the first suspect who is involved. Pressure from victims, the community, media and police supervisors often induce speed as the overriding factor when investigating a case. Police officers have human tendencies when trying to reach the overall goal of justice when solving a case. Tunnel vision is often the result of police officers having a narrow theory towards a suspect, drawn to conclusions about who is responsible early and disregarding evidence that points to the suspect as innocent.
William Westley’s study looked at policemen operating at the street level. Fogelson’s study focused mainly on the management level in policing, which has tended to be somewhat cut off from street level policing. Goldstein’s study examined policing at the political level where a police department encounters the currents of local government. Critically analyse all three and give your opinion as to whether you think studies of police should concentrate on the street level, managerial level or at the political level.
***It has always been thought that the police administration had the public’s best interest in mind and was supposed to be the best of the best when it came to taking care of the people of the community and having their trust. When people feel that they cannot trust the police in the community who can they trust, sometimes it is hard to resist temptation and sometimes the best people give into the worst temptation. People did not trust the police which is why the Knapp Commission was made in order to gain the trust of the people back.
Eterno, J.A. and Silverman, E.B. (2006) 'The New York City Police Department’s Compstat: dream or nightmare?' International Journal of Police Science and Management, 8:3, 218-231.
It is a myth to believe that an officers job is spend fighting dangerous crimes, in reality officers spend more time handing smaller cases. For example, police officers spend a lot of time doing daily tasks such as giving speeding tickets and being mediators in disputes (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Handing out speeding tickers and handling minor disputes are far from fighting crime. Police officers spend more time doing preventive measures (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Preventive measures involve officers intervening to prevent further altercations. Victor Kappeler and Gary Potter discussed the myth of crime fighting as invalid and misleading notions of an officer’s employment.
The article Police Integrity: Rankings of Scenarios on the Klockars Scale by “Management Cops,” conveys that the different scenarios for each definition and the nature of police work make this corruption difficult to specifically define (Vito 153). Since it is so challenging to correctly define, the three broad ca...
Laws and procedures are the most common basis for officers choosing not to allow offenders to remain free based on their discretion, a study by Mendias and Kehoe (2006) has found. The study found that laws or responsibilities were the main reason for a decision to suspend discretion in eighty-two percent of cases involving an arrest. The study also found that keeping the peace and procedural implications were the primary justifications for ex...
...rsation among researchers. The problem I see with the topic of conversation is there is not a lot of research done on the actual affects of the individual discretion of each officer compared to a department that has been educated in following policies more than personal discretion. In fact, from what I saw there is not much research on the effects of discretion at all. It seems like it is a topic that is overlooked when researching the effectiveness of a department. I feel like before more solutions are found on how to correct the problem of discretion, more research needs to be done on how discretion plays a role in every day policing. Until this research is conducted, all the articles published are on theories of discretion causing problems, and all of the solutions mentioned are methods to correct a problem that has not even been proven to be an issue yet.
A Critical Assessment In defining police ethics, ethical policing and police ethics are not synonymous or interchangeable connotations to or for one another. Aside from establishing a police role independently from establishing any definition of ethics or police ethics, the semantics tend to complicate the defining process. Some of these complications include, but are not limited to, sociological aspects, psychological conditions, or philosophical reasoning. Examples of sociological complications include historical, political, cultural, or economic aspects. Some psychological examples include one’s ability to discern sociological implications from other implications; namely, the condition of post-traumatic stress disorder, hydrophobia, or even weary dreams. Lastly,
It is both a result and a cause of police isolation from the larger society and of police solidarity. Its influence begins early in the new officer’s career when he is told by more experienced officers that the “training given in police academies is irrelevant to ‘real’ police work”. What is relevant, recruits are told, is the experience of senior officers who know the ropes or know how to get around things. Recruits are often told by officers with considerable experience to forget what they learned in the academy and in college and to start learning real police work as soon as they get to their Field Training Officers. Among the first lessons learned are that police officers share secrets among themselves and that those secrets especially when they deal with activities that are questionable in terms of ethics, legality, and departmental policy, are not to be told to others. They also are told that administrators and Internal Affairs officers cannot often be trusted. This emphasis on the police occupational subculture results in many officers regarding themselves as members of a “blue
Crime Analysis has many benefits to the community. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. Crime prevention and community satisfaction with police services, while linked to the number of officers on the streets, does not depend entirely on the visibility of patrol officers. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. So in closing I believe that departments that take the positive elements of foot patrols and combine their efforts with crime analysis that focuses on the time, location, and type of crime, may use the findings to develop strategies to decrease crime and enhance the quality of life in their communities.
Since the inception of this niche in psychology, there has been a greater appreciation for the use of police psychological services. Now almost every police department has a separate psychology department with a number of psychologists working with its other employees. This specialized subset of psychology delivers a number of services to its employees, from assessing qualified applicants, counseling, to suspect profiling and providing expertise during hostage situations. The field has grown tremendously, especially over the last 40 years and has developed into its own sub-specialty with its own dedicated research, journals and professional organizations. During that time, there have been great strides made in developing this relationship betwe...
Police corruption is a nationwide problem that has been going on for many years. Not only is corruption a problem on our own U.S. soil, but police practices of corruption go as far east as Europe and Asia. Many studies, polls and examinations were taken to find out how exactly what the general publics’ opinions of the police are. Officers receive a lot of scrutiny over this issue, but for good reason.