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Rehabilitation and recidivism correlation
Rehabilitation and recidivism correlation
The effect of rehabilitation on recidivism
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In June 2014, Justin Bourque was charged with three counts of first-degree murder and two counts of attempted murder after shooting three RCMP officers and wounding two others in Moncton, New Brunswick (Chronicle Herald 2014). He was subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison with no chance of parole for seventy-five years (Chronicle Herald 2014). Bourque’s sentencing is unprecedented and is the longest sentence in Canadian history (Chronicle Herald 2014). A Canadian judge has not given a harsh a punishment since the final executions in 1962 (Chronicle Herald 2014). I believe my case study would be best suited after the chapter on sentencing. This would be beneficial to students as after reading about the history of sentencing …show more content…
The only person in Canadian history to receive a similar sentence as Bourque was Travis Baumgater. Baumgater shot four of his former co-workers, three fatally, during a robbery on the University of Alberta campus in June 2012. He was sentenced to life with no chance of parole for forty years (CBC 2013). The Chief Crown prosecutor in Baumgater’s case, Steve Bilodeau, had similar thinking to Cameron Gunn. After the sentencing, Bilodeau stated, “the sentence sends a message that in cases of multiple murder, it matters that more than one person has died” (CBC 2013). His thinking was aligned with Gunn’s as Bioldeau wanted his sentence to also showcase denunciation and act as a deterrent. Just like Bourque’s sentence, it focused on sending a message towards society, rather than focusing on the individual needs of the offender. Despite Baumgater’s sentencing, Justin Bourque still committed his heinous crimes, a mere two years …show more content…
Being eligible for parole results in prisoners behaving better, as they will eventually be rewarded for their good behaviour (Stanford Report). This is not only beneficial to the individual offender, but to other offenders in the prison and for the general public as well. Research suggests that harsher prison conditions lead offenders to commit more crime after they are released (Chen and Shapiro). Thus, if Bourque is acting violent and unruly (aka not complying with good behaviour rules), it could have a negative effect on other inmates and public
Convicted for the murders of his wife and two kids, thirty-four years ago, Dr. MacDonald still endures the agony of being accused of killing his family. Even after twenty-four years of imprisonment and several unlawful court hearings, additional documentation continues to up hold Dr. MacDonald’s testimony.
Evidently, Truscott received financial compensation for the ordeal and the suffering it brought to his life by being awarded $6.5 million from the Government. This led to the conclusion that in this case (like many others) the police were solely and unjustly targeting one person. I learned a great deal from this case about Canada’s previous laws. Prior to the case, I had known about the death penalty and that it was legal in Canada, but I did not know when it could be implemented.
During the 20th century, there were many outlaws and crimes that made history and left their mark on society. The murder of Quebec prison guard Dianne Lavigne , in Montreal, by Hells Angels members Stephane “Godass” Gagne and Andre “Touts” Tousignant under the orders of Maurice “Mom” Boucher was one of these exact instances. Based on the Hells Angels attempt to destabilize the justice system, her assassination and that of Pierre Rondeau not long after were committed in 1997. As will become evident, the murder of Dianne Lavigne resulted in the incarceration of those who were responsible, the police repression of biker activity, and the revulsion of the public while generating fear within the judicial system.
A society that presumes a norm of violence and celebrates aggression, whether in the subway, on the football field, or in the conduct of its business, cannot help making celebrities of the people who would destroy it. Unfortunately, such acts of rampage have become a prevalent factor in the Canadian culture. As a result of endless media coverage, Canadians now are constantly bombarded with numerous images of violence. Many of which often portray a victim avenging their opponent by means of force. Thus, indoctrinating a nation of individuals to believe that it is only through aggression that problems can be resolved. Rather than being punished for acts of violence, those who commit such offenses are often praised for their “heroism”. In addition, the success of films like The Godfather, Gladiator, and Troy further aid in reinstating the fact that we live in a society that praises violence. Furthermore, this ideology allows for individuals to partake in violent acts with little or no backlash from ones community. However, when an individual strays away from the “norm”, they are likely to then be viewed as a deviant. Such cases of rejection within a society, are often seen in the portrayal of serial killers. Although our society tends to condone violence when it is directed towards a specific individual(s), it does not allow the killing of innocent bystanders. Instead, crimes that are targeted against a number of people over a long period of time, entail the harshest forms punishments under the law. Sadly, in executing the law for said crimes, those in charge often face much public scrutiny. Such occurrences were apparent in the faulty murder investigations of Canada's most notorious serial killer Robert Pickton. This is due to the ...
How to appropriately and fairly carry out criminal justice matters is something that every country struggles with. A major reason for this struggle is the fallibility of the justice system. It is acceptable to concede that the possibility of human error in every case and investigation may lead to a wrongful conviction. In the case of David Milgaard, however, Canada's Criminal Justice System not only erred, but failed grievously, resulting in millions of dollars wasted, in a loss of public confidence in the system, and most tragically, in the robbery of two decades of one man's life. Factors including, but not limited to, the social context at the time of the crime, the social perception of deviance, the influence of the media, and the misconduct of investigating police and prosecution played a substantial role in the subsequent miscarriage of justice.
Canada is a country where rehabilitation has been a formal part of sentencing and correctional policies for an extended period of time (Andrews & Bonta, 2010). Furthermore, a group of Canadian researchers have examined the methodology and effectiveness of rehabilitation, and are principal figures in the correctional rehabilitation field (Cullen & Gendreau, 2000). However, despite rehabilitation being a central aspect of Canadian identity, there has been a shift in the justice system’s objectives. The rise of the Conservative government and their omnibus bill C-10, Safe Streets and Communities Act, has created a move towards retribution. Bill C-10 was passed on March 12, 2012 (Government of Canada, 2013) and was a proposal to make fundamental changes to almost every component of Canada’s criminal justice system. Law changes included new and increased mandatory minimum sentencin...
Schmalleger, Frank, Criminal Justice A Brief Introduction, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Pearson Education Inc. , 2010, Page 387
Brown, S & Esbensen, F & Geis, G,. Criminology, Explaining Crime and it's Context. 7th ed.
Maymuna, but likes to be called May is a new intake in room #4. Jacque is her primary case worker. OM does not have any identification with her at this time, but will be getting it from her friend within a day or two. OM works casual as a Security Guard (2 to 3 days a week). OM has been to shelter before, and her last shelter was YWCA. OM was living with parents, but now having family problems. She disclosed to the writer that, her parents put her in jail for some false accusations and was charged. She said, those charges against her was after dropped. OM disclosed to the writer that, she only smokes Marijuana and drinks. Though, she is trying to quit drinking; also wants someone she can talk to about it. According to OM, she has depression
During one of our class sessions we discussed the different areas within the criminal justice system. The topic of courts and sentencing specifically of juveniles was mentioned. As we get to know the inside students we learn some of their backstory of how they ended up at Joseph Harp Correctional Facility, many of them had their first contact with the criminal justice system as a juvenile. Several of the inside students expressed animosity toward the courts when it came to sentencing of juveniles. They thought that some of the ways juveniles are sentenced is too harsh.
Wright, J. (2012). Introduction to criminal justice. (p. 9.1). San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUCRJ201.12.1/sections/sec9.1
Welsh, B., & Irving, M. (2005). Crime and punishment in Canada, 1981-1999. Crime and Justice, 33, 247-294. Retrieved from http://library.mtroyal.ca:2063/stable/3488337?&Search=yes&searchText=canada&searchText=crime&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dcrime%2Bin%2Bcanada%26acc%3Don%26wc%3Don&prevSearch=&item=18&ttl=33894&returnArticleService=showFullText
Offenders given mandatory life in prison on charges of murder, on average only serve 16 years before being released back into society. One in three of these killers carries out a second murder even under the supervision of the probation officer.1 If we allow murderers to spend life in prison we run the chance of them getting out and killing again. Capital punishment can also deter future perpetrators from committing such a heinous crime, and it will end the prisoner’s suffering by giving them a humane death and give closure to the victim’s family. Without a concrete meaning of “life in prison” we need the death penalty to put an end to the most evil of people.
Luc Montagnier was born on August 18th, 1932 in Chabris, France to Antoine and Marianne Montagnier. He was very much adored by his mother, Marianne, who was a stay at home parent and was a housewife. Around age five Luc was in an unfortunate and horrible accident. While he was crossing a road he was struck by a speeding automobile. The accident left him in a coma for about two days and he was left with some permanent scars located on his face that are still visible to this day. During his childhood his family endured World War II. Luc 's family deserted their home during World War II and in 1944 it was partly demolished due to bombing. As a child he grew up with his father, Antoine, suffering from having chronic entercolitis. And on top of that his grandfather had renal cancer. Since his grandfather had cancer, he saw the progression of the disease and its toll on his grandfather as time progressed. Witnessing the suffering of his loved ones who were near and dear to him was a main factor of him entering the medical and scientific profession.
The criminal justice system has a lot people and organizations incorporated within it. Within this system there are police, correctional officers, offenders, lawyers, etc. The criminal justice system is set up for people to keep the society in order. For my semester project I interviewed a friend of mine who I gave a pseudonym of Bart Malone. Mr. Malone was unnecessarily arrested a few months ago while in the passenger seat. He was accused of committing illegal acts which caused him to become a victim. I conducted an interview over the phone with Mr. Malone so he could share his story and give detailed information through the questions I asked him. After the interview I replayed the tape and really focused on the answers he gave to the questions. I was able to gain knowledgeable insight about the criminal justice system.