The Joint Force of tomorrow must be capable of defending against rapidly developing and highly lethal security trends of unprecedented scale. Chief among these trends are cyber integration, diffusion of power, and proliferation of lethal technology, which collectively will challenge our force development significantly. Unfortunately, these threats come at a time of unprecedented fiscal austerity requiring extreme measures to restore economic wellbeing. Joint Force 2025 must effectively embrace technology and capitalize on global integration to defeat emerging threats while contracting to abide within mandated budget reductions. National strategic leaders have outlined the current security assessment and established a framework of capabilities that must reside in Joint Force 2025 to meet projected threats. These capabilities include the application of cyberspace technology that recognizes both its enhanced capabilities and inherent risks. Global integration across services and a network of partner nations and non-state entities will serve as both a force multiplier and ensure credibility. Finally, Joint Force 2025 must contain an indisputable force projection capability that adds tooth to all elements of national power. However, this complete transformation must occur in a way that maximizes budget …show more content…
efficiencies through an unparalleled reduction of non-core activities. The rapidly changing nature of our global political, economic and security atmospheres require that the future force be capable of conducting a wide range of operations. Within the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), Secretary Hagel calls for a rebalanced Joint Force prepared to address a wide range of threats from a diverse group of actors. This mandate spans from irregular actions by rouge organizations to full conflict against state actors employing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). To ensure security and stability, the rebalanced force must sustain a global presence with the capability to project power efficiently and effectively. To counter the emerging lethal security trends, services will shift resources where necessary to develop the cyber, global integration, and force projection capabilities. In the National Military Strategy, General Dempsey establishes three national military objectives as the foundation of an integrated methodology to secure established national security interests. First, the force must be able to “deter, deny, and defeat” an attack against our nation, our interests, and our allies by any adversary employing an array of means. An additional objective to “disrupt, degrade, and defeat” violent extremists organizations (VEO) is necessary to counter terrorism globally. The cornerstone objective is to enhance a global network of allies and partnerships that provide a basis for economic growth, stability, and security. The Chairman also states that the future joint force must be capable of conducting “globally integrated operations” to counter global threats effectively. Globally integrated operations rely on a responsive joint force poised to unite capabilities across boundaries, organizations, and domains to meet a threat. These forces must be able to form and disperse with ease and adaptability while taking full advantage of technology and cyber assets. Fundamental elements of this integrated approach include employing broad mission command with full agility to gain and exploit the initiative. Well-established partnerships will allow joint forces to deploy without boundaries and with synergy across all domains. Global integration also provides the opportunity to employ less destructive assets with precision while reducing the probability of collateral damage. Although all priority capabilities require joint effort, Joint Force 2025 will include a reliance on many traditional service specific roles. The Air Force will continue development of a new strike aircraft and update the F-35 multi-role joint strike fighter to enhance force projection and precision strike capabilities. To offset the costs of those programs, fielding of the KC-46 modernized tanker/cargo platform will wait until 2020. Ensuring a dominant presence on the seas requires that the Navy maintain advanced vessels and aircraft globally integrated with other services and allies. Procurement of both an advanced submarine and modernization of the AEGIS Cruisers will increase its force projection ability. Maximum force projection also requires maintaining ten carrier strike groups and the naval fleet will continue to grow in size and agility to meet emerging threats. To allow for a robust amphibious force projection capability, the Marine Corps will maintain their current strength and combat power. An increase in embassy protection forces requires a delay in the procurement of a new Amphibious Combat Vehicle. The total Army will shrink by 150,000 Soldiers but it will remain a capable force of 1,000,000 personnel within all three components.
In the post Afghanistan period, the Army will focus on regaining readiness to support the full range of combat operations and would be a key part of any large scale offensive or security requirement. A rebalance within the active and reserve components will achieve significant cost savings by placing a large percentage of the forces only necessary for extended ground campaigns in the reserves. The Army is essential to any large-scale force projection operation and functions as an integrated force with partners and allies
globally. Special Operations Forces across all services would see an expanded role to build relationships with regional allies and deploy rapidly to counter global asymmetric threats. These teams will continue to use advanced technology and personnel from other services and host nations to facilitate global integration. These elements are uniquely capable of precision force projection with great lethality on a limited scale. U. S. Cyber Command consists of elements from all services with a comprehensive and rapidly evolving role. In Joint Force 2025, cyber forces will be employed in depth and consist of Cyber Protection Forces for defense, Cyber Combat Forces for offense, and National Mission Forces to protect homeland networks. As the name Joint Force 2025 implies, maximum strength results when the capabilities of multiple services and partners are integrated. Even training operations will consist of multiple entities working in concert across a wide spectrum of domains utilizing advanced technology. Mission command principles and joint interoperability are keys to success. The agility achieved by the joint concept will allow the future force to respond to the emergence of VEOs brought about by the diffusion of power and the proliferation of lethal technology. Budget reductions driven by sequestration mandates will force the elimination of non-core missions, redundant capabilities, non-essential facilities, and management overhead. Reductions in the largest headquarters, civilian personnel, consolidated training, benefits, and other management functions would decrease the defense considerably. Selective active force structure reductions below current levels with a corresponding shift of capabilities used less frequently to the reserves provides further savings. Slowing the modernization of conventional equipment provides also provides further savings. Collectively, these measures could reduce the defense budget to within sequestration levels. This design of Joint Force 2025 incurs moderate operational risk in the long term due to its shift of a major large ground forces to the reserves. Moderate operational risk is present in the short term until sufficient generation of asymmetrical forces occurs. Reductions in overhead costs at the institutional levels may delay logistics and other support functions resulting in short term moderate risk. A rapidly emerging new threat could result in moderate future challenges risk due to a delay in the ability of Joint Force 2025 to develop an unanticipated capability. Effective risk mitigation actions are available to reduce all identified risks to an acceptable low level. Reserve units will restructure yearly training programs to increase readiness levels in core tasks and reduce post mobilization training requirements when deploying large ground forces. Federal agencies and industry partners can assist in rapidly developing new cyber and asymmetric forces before removing existing capabilities. Mitigation of institutional risks occurs with a comprehensive review of support requirements concurrent with the workforce reduction. The future security of the U.S. and global security as a whole depends on the structure of Joint Force 2025. It must transform to effectively deter and defeat the emerging security trends of cyber integration, diffusion of power, and proliferation of lethal technology. Essential capabilities to meet these threats include comprehensive application of cyber technology, global integration, and rapid force projection across domains. Although each service will maintain their specific roles, the distinctive advantage of Joint Force 2025 is the global integration of its capabilities and the effective application of technology. A disciplined and logical approach to budget reductions can meet congressional mandates while allowing for the transition of the Joint Force. The combination of force transition and reductions creates inherent risks. Systematic management of the process and effective mitigation will maintain risks at an acceptable level. When fully implemented, Joint Force 2025 will provide an agile and lethal deterrent against an immense range of threats and serve as a foundation for global security.
...ccomplishments. As the years progress, just as they have in the past, so will military technology. Not more 80 years ago, the United States was just learning how to se machine guns. Not more than 60 years ago, the United States was just learning how to use tanks and artillery. Nowadays, the US military has become the leading war machine in all aspects of warfare including weapons, computer technology and biological as well as chemical warfare. God only knows what advancements are to come our way.
In today’s operational environments, the U.S. Army is facing a range of problems and mission sets that are arguably more complex than previously encountered. Forces face an array of demands that encompass geo-political, social, cultural, and military factors that interact in unpredictable ways. The inherent complexity of today’s operations has underscored the need for the Army to expand beyond its traditional approach to operational planning. In March 2010 in FM 5-0: The Operations
USCYBERCOM unifies the command of the cyberspace efforts and units of the United States military. The United States Department of Defense also has outlined the principles that form its cyber defense strategy, building and maintaining ready forces and capabilities to conduct cyberspace operations, defend the DoD information network, secure DoD data, and mitigate risks to DoD missions. Be prepared to defend the U.S. homeland and U.S. vital interests from disruptive or destructive cyberattacks of significant consequence. Build and maintain viable cyber options and plan to use those options to control conflict escalation and to shape the conflict environments at all stages. Build and maintain robust international alliances and partnerships to deter shared threats and increase international security and stability. The five pillars of cyber security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, and authentication. Protecting information from disclosure to unauthorized individuals, systems or entities, Protect information, systems, and services from unauthorized modification or destruction, Timely, reliable access to data and information services by authorized users, the ability to correlate a recorded action with its originating individual or entity, and the ability to verify the identity of an individual or entity
In his speech of March 23, 1983, President Reagan presented his vision of a future where a Nation’s security did not rest upon the threat of nuclear retaliation, but on the ability to protect and defend against such attacks. The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) research program was designed to tell whether, and how, advanced defense technologies could contribute to the feasibility of this vision.
As we transition from subjective training to objective, it is critical to understand the emphasis on training has not changed, just the language. Commander will continue to focus on battle focus training developed by long- range, short- range and near- term planning. The Sustainable Readiness Model (SRM) is the Army’s newest system for prioritizing resources for units on a 5-year cycle based on the level of readiness they must achieve. Each year of the cycle has established Personnel (P), Sustain (S) and Readiness (R) Aim Points on the Unit Status Report (USR). The SRM seeks to stabilize units in a “band of excellence,” even following their READY year, maintaining the highest readiness level instead of automatically downgrading their readiness to a C4 level regardless of whether they deployed. Guidelines in the Prepare Year (PY) found in the SRM will assist Commanders at every level on key training events they will need to focus on for that particular
Furthermore, in a few years there will be ten times the amount of internet connected devices as there are humans on the planet. This means that anywhere where you are, you are going to be observable (AUSA 2016, 13). In the future, leaders will not need to be flexible because higher headquarters can always monitor and give guidance for every tactical move. Thus, leaders will not need to think critically which will hinder their adaptability. General Milley counters his argument through his statement that in the future, “there is a high probability, a certainty really, that anything electronic will come under cyber or EW attack, and that we will be operating routinely in a partially or significantly degraded environment” (AUSA 2016, 17). As technology progresses, internet connected devices will become ISR platforms but the technology to counter that will also exist. If this happens, it will remain critical that units in the future remain extremely flexible and able to adapt to their operational
The Strengths and Weaknesses of Joint Warfare Armed with numerous studies, and intensive public hearings, Congress mandated far-reaching changes in DOD organization and responsibilities under the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986. This landmark legislation significantly expanded the authority and responsibility of the chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. Included in this expanded authority and responsibility was the requirement for the chairman to develop a doctrine for the joint employment of armed forces. As operations Urgent Fury, Just Cause, and Desert Storm have vividly demonstrated, the realities of armed conflict in today's world make the integration of individual service capabilities a matter of success or failure, life or death. Furthermore, the operation Desert One demonstrated the need for a strengthened Joint Warfare Doctrine and the consequent change in Joint Warfare Employment.
The 2015 National Security Strategy (NSS), the 2015 National Defense Strategy (NDS), and the Army Operating Concept (AOC) collectively agree that the United States cannot solve strategic problems alone. All of these documents discuss, in their opening paragraphs, the importance
The United States of America is one of the most powerful countries in the world. This power is a direct result of the careful planning of policies that will govern the direction that the country goes. An effective defense policy is very important in assuring the safety of the citizens in the country and assuring a commanding position within the international community. In accordance, it is important that the United States should adopt a defense policy, so that they seek to form a coalition of strong allies in which they are the sole superpower so that in essence, they may control the whole international community. Before being able to actively pursue this defense policy and act powerful, we must make ourselves powerful. In the process of making ourselves powerful, we must carefully examine the existing threats to the country and this power that we want to have.
In addition to strategic deployment, the defense budget should be reformed to allocate more money towards specialized, agile units and counterterrorism efforts. By doing so, the United States would be more efficient in fighting the small terrorist groups that pose such a large threat today. In his article supporting defense reform, Berger points out, “many analysts have pointed out in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks, future threats to the United States are likely to come from relatively small terrorist organizations and not from state entities which could not realistically defeat us.” The most prevalent danger regarding military within the continental U.S. is not an invasion by another nation, but rather unexpected acts of terror.
The U.S. defense budget is already quite large. In 2015, the U.S. spent $610 billion on the military, making its defense budget the largest in the world by a wide margin. The U.S. spent more on defense than the $601 billion that China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, France, Britain, and India—the countries with the next seven largest military budgets—spent combined. If we limit our comparison to America’s NATO allies, the numbers still look quite stark. The U.S. alone accounts for a whopping 75 percent of the military spending by all of NATO’s 28 current members. Under the two-year budget agreement that the Obama administration hammered out with the Republican leadership in Congress, baseline defense spending will be $548 billion while spending on Overseas Contingency Operations will be $59 billion, for a grand total of $607 billion. That’s hardly chump change. But it’s not
1. The positive outcomes of having a total force far outweigh the negative impacts. This paper will talk about the effectiveness and efficiency of the total force, the overuse of the reserve component and its effects on members of the force, and how civilian trained reserve personnel add diversity and a well-rounded force.
Obviously when talking about global security, there needs to actually be the security aspect of it. Such aspect comes from the military itself. The military’s role is to protect both the people of the public and private sectors. Due to this, the military can play the most important role of the three. With being the most important of the three, there also comes the time that needs to be put within it to make sure that this part can function at its maximum potential. Allowing the military to function at its maximum potential allows the public and private to feel at ease with their safety. This does not only constitute for the United States, but all over the entire
Unequivocally speaking, the threat of a cyber-attack has become one of the most critical domestic and national security challenges we face as a nation today. Infrastructures supporting government operations are ...