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How history influences literature
A few ways that historical events have influenced literature
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There are three characters that are concerned with their reputations. John Proctor has pride and is willing to sacrifice his life for his name. Reverend Parris is insecure about his position because of his daughter. Parris is afraid she is bewitched which would humiliate him. Judge Danforth knows he is hanging innocent people, but won’t postpone the trials to keep his name respected. These characters face many complications and struggles but want to keep their good reputation to maintain the high standards in Puritan society. John Proctor is a tormented individual who is concerned about his reputation. He is uncertain to tell the court about the affair he had with Abigail Williams, because it would reveal his affair with Abigail, …show more content…
which would ruin his reputation because that means he broke one of the Ten Commandments. John cared about his name, he thinks that’s the only thing he has left of him, “…Is there no good penitence but it be public? God does not need my name nailed upon the church!” (Miller 142). John Proctor does not want his name posted in public because it would ruin his reputation. He also says, “Because it is my name! ...How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!” (143). He tore up the confession paper he signed and was hanged because he didn’t want his name to be out in public. This affects how he acts because he hides the truth and is tormented between Abigail and Elisabeth his wife.
It would also affect his death because if he hadn’t cared about his reputation as much then he would of survived. Reverent Parris is concerned about his reputation as well. He doesn’t want to tarnish his name. In The beginning of the chapter, Parris isn’t too confident about his job, as a Reverent. He’s insecure about his position because he is afraid that his daughter would bewitch which would humiliate him. Parris was a holy man. He knew some of the people are not guilty during the end of the trials. He can’t confess that the accusation was false because Parris would get in serious trouble. Parris is known for his religious belief, the people conceder him as a good man. If Parris loses this respect, he would be destroyed and can’t do anything to gain his trust back. This affects how Parris acts because he continued to lie instead of freeing all the innocent people and telling the truth. Judge Danforth he too is concerned about his reputation. He is known for his decision- making skills. Later on Danforth realizes that he is hanging innocent people that shouldn’t be hanged. Regrettably he sentenced too many people; once he realizes that Abigail is putting
on a show he thinks Abigail should be questioned. He can’t tell the truth that he killed innocent people and was mistaken in his accusation. Danforth would be questioned in his conclusion and of course lose his job as judge. Performing wrong actions in puritan society is defective, so if he makes a mistake in his accusation there would be consequences. This effects how Danforth acts because if he weren’t ashamed to reveal what he had been doing was wrong then innocent people wouldn’t have been killed for any reason. There are many characteristics that connect the three characters together. What John Proctor, Reverend Parris and Judge Danforth all have in common is they care about their reputation and want to maintain their honorable names. John Proctor would have saved his life if he had his confession paper posted on the church door, but instead sacrificed his life to save his name. If Reverend Parris had confessed about all the innocent people he blamed, they wouldn’t have been through the criticizing and threatening talks. Parris wasn’t truthful neither to himself nor to others. Judge Danforth also accused people for the sake of his reputation he knew what he was doing was wrong but continued anyways and people got into harsh punishments and death as well just to save his self from the consequences. A good name is more important then the truth because having a good name is satisficing and pure in the Puritan society. There were many harsh punishments that people were facing that were trying to get out of. If you are respected you will be safer because it means you have high standards in the Puritan society. Most of the people basically lied in the puritan community everyone wanted a safe way out because a lot of things people did were considered bad like reading anything other then the bible, holidays were banned, running in the forest, and more. Even if some told the truth there was innocent people murdered either way. Parris and Danforth lied to preserve their names and didn’t get penalized as for Proctor he told the truth but he sacrificed his life for his name. The difference between the three characters is Parris and Danforth were still alive while John died for doing what he thought was right. Maintaining a good name is key in the Puritan society.
...something that he would not dare admit, for it would question the authority of himself as a judge, the court, and the church.
What I said was altogether false against my grandfather and Mr. Burroughs, which I did to save my life and to have my liberty; but the Lord, charging it to my conscience, made me in so much horror that I could not contain myself before I denied my confession…”(Godbeer 147).
...and accusations. The extend to which Abigail has manipulated Judge Danforth is shown here. Danforth’s unconditional reliability in Abigail motivated the people in Salem to accused each other to save their own skins. This brought about chaos and commotion to the people of Salem.
John starts interacting with a younger member of the town, Abigail Williams. The two spend time with each other which eventually leads to John having an affair. John and Abigail kept this from the whole town, even after Elizabeth finds out because she realizes that his name will be affected if the word does get spread. “Spoke or silent, a promise is surely made. Elizabeth Proctor to her husband…” “She tells him that by sleeping with her, he made a commitment to her, at least in her eyes. (Elizabeth) After he has the affair with Abigail, Elizabeth has trouble holding the trust she has for John. Abigail also loses faith in John due to the fact that he told her false ideas that he sensed that he had something for her, but then later in the play he admitted that he only did such a thing because of the tension in his
The primary dramatic focus in the play The Crucible is the moral struggle of its protagonist, John Proctor. Certain characteristics of John Proctor's character and also the environment of the Puritanical Salem alleviated this problem for him. The main issues running through out the play are a series of dilemmas that John Proctor faces. The first and foremost of these is his guilt over his adulterous affair with Abigail Williams, the second his hesitation to testify against Abigail to bring out the truth and the third, his final decision to make the ultimate sacrifice.
Many townspeople in Salem would agree that Reverend Samuel Parris had a role in the
There are many sides to John Proctor and they occur at different stages of the play, John is a complex character and is very well respected even though he has done wrong things. Arthur Miller was in the same situation as John Proctor in 1956-57 because he refused to give names of people he saw at communist meetings. There was the same trial system. If you confessed you would stay alive assuming you had turned from the communist meetings, however if you denied that you were seen at communist meeting you would have been hanged because there would be no evidence to show you weren’t there. You get the impression that the character of John Proctor was based on the real life character of Miller.
Reverend Parris is the character that initiates the hysteria of the Salem witch trials, in a community where authorities wasted no time minding the business of it's citizens, what should have been seen as teen frivolity was blown into one of the ugliest moments in American History. Parris sparks this by firstly acting on his own paranoia, which the reader would find in the introduction 'he believed he was being persecuted where ever he went';, and calling Reverend Hale in an attempt for self-preservation '….if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it.'; This statement says a lot about the character of Reverend Parris: a greedy, power hungry man who is more concerned with his own reputation than the souls of his niece and daughter. He always acts on fear, a fear that he will lose his position of power in the community. Parris does not want the trials to end as a fraud because the scandal of having a lying daughter and niece would end his career in Salem.
Socrates, in his conviction from the Athenian jury, was both innocent and guilty as charged. In Plato’s Five Dialogues, accounts of events ranging from just prior to Socrates’ entry into the courthouse up until his mouthful of hemlock, both points are represented. Socrates’ in dealing with moral law was not guilty of the crimes he was accused of by Meletus. Socrates was only guilty as charged because his peers had concluded him as such. The laws didn’t find Socrates guilty; Socrates was guilty because his jurors enforced the laws. The law couldn’t enforce itself. Socrates was accused of corrupting Athens’ youth, not believing in the gods of the city and creating his own gods. In the Euthyphro, Socrates defends himself against the blasphemous charges outside the courthouse to a priest Euthyphro. Socrates looks to the priest to tell him what exactly is pious so that he may educate himself as to why he would be perceived as impious. Found in the Apology, another of Plato’s Five Dialogues, Socrates aims to defend his principles to the five hundred and one person jury. Finally, the Crito, an account of Socrates’ final discussion with his good friend Crito, Socrates is offered an opportunity to escape the prison and his death sentence. As is known, Socrates rejected the suggestion. It is in the Euthyphro and the Apology that it can be deduced that Socrates is not guilty as charged, he had done nothing wrong and he properly defended himself. However, in the Crito, it is shown that Socrates is guilty only in the interpretation and enforcement of Athens’ laws through the court system and its jurors. Socrates’ accusations of being blasphemous are also seen as being treasonous.
that, in the belief of the time, would damn his soul. In fact, in one soliloquy in Act III,
into a full retreat from the sight of him. It is apparent that Patroclus was
commits a crime of his age. The new robes ultimately act as stimulation for his tragic
One of the characters to be anxious regarding his good name was the town priest, Mr. Parris. In the beginning of the play when his daughter Betty is said to be bed ridden due to a witch attack, he denies every notion of the possibility. It is imperative to Parris that his holy home does not house evil spirits and that
...f King Laius, he unknowingly banished himself. If he had waited to punish the killer of King Laius his departure may have been a little less shameful.
to act every inch the lady. He wants everyone to be jealous of his wife and