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Locke on economic egalitarianism
John locke second treatise of government analysis
Classic and modern understanding of justice
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When it comes to the author’s intent between the laws of society and the laws of nature, is to make people realize that the two laws are different but similar and help us out as a whole while looking at Locke’s Second Treatise of Civil Government. The Law of Society law is where men exist a state of perfect freedom and equality where their actions and choices are free and can’t be limited while the natural laws are where man should be completely free and equal, to be governed by authority.
The Law of Nature is explained as a state of equality where no one has power over another, and all are free to do as they please. But with that being said, it doesn’t give others the right to abuse others but it does give each individual the right to execute natural laws, which are universal. Although, Locke’s theory includes many assumptions that include: the natural law derives from a set of rights and no one would have any rights at all in the absence of moral code applicable to human actions, nor would there be ay
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standard of just punishment. With the Law of Society, is where man is not his own law or government, he is governed by authority.
Some men would like to have authority rather than being their own government. One reason for this is other men still in a state of nature cannot be supposed to respect all men’s freedom. His property may be invaded, his life could be threatened, and other men’s self-interest may be preclude their acting for the common good. Sometimes, being a state of nature can be dangerous and full of changes. Therefore, men would want a government instead of a nature state to preserve their lives, rights, and estates. There are also many things lacking with being in a nature state. Some of those things is that there is no known, commonly agreed-upon law that all men have to abide by- right and wrong are relative terms. There also isn’t a single, indifferent judge to meditate disputes so all men are judges and more likely to privy their own passions and
self-interest. The relevance to all of this is that without the Laws of Society, men would be roam free and do whatever they wanted as long as it benefitted themselves. They wouldn’t care about other’s lives and how it would affect them. Men would be doing whatever they wanted when they wanted, no matter what it was. But, now that we have the Law of Society, the government has helped keeping men in line. We can’t just look at how it would affect just us, we need to look at how it will affect others around us and our future as one. One mistake from one person, could lead into a large issue. If we also didn’t have a Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, there’s a chance that our society, wouldn’t be the way it is now and there’s a change that our Declaration could be completely different and us as a whole society could have been lead in a completely different direction.
While all men are in charge of their own will according to the Law of
In Second Treatise of Government John Locke characterizes the state of nature as one’s ability to live freely and abide solely to the laws of nature. Therefore, there is no such thing as private property, manmade laws, or a monarch. Locke continues to say that property is a communal commodity; where all humans have the right to own and work considering they consume in moderation without being wasteful. Civil and Political Societies are non-existent until one consents to the notion that they will adhere to the laws made by man, abide by the rules within the community, allow the ability to appoint men of power, and interact in the commerce circle for the sake of the populace. Locke goes further to state that this could be null in void if the governing body over extends their power for the gain of absolute rule. Here, Locke opens the conversation to one’s natural right to rebel against the governing body. I personally and whole heartily agree with Locke’s principles, his notion that all human beings have the natural right to freedoms and the authority to question their government on the basis that there civil liberties are being jeopardized.
John Locke is considered one of the best political minds of his time. The modern conception of western democracy and government can be attributed to his writing the Second Treatise of Government. John Locke championed many political notions that both liberals and conservatives hold close to their ideologies. He argues that political power should not be concentrated to one specific branch, and that there should be multiple branches in government. In addition to, the need for the government to run by the majority of the population through choosing leaders, at a time where the popular thing was to be under the rule of a monarch. But despite all of his political idea, one thing was extremely evident in his writing. This was that he preferred limited
He makes a strong suggestion by saying, “that creatures of the same species and rank, should also be equal one amongst another, without subordination or subjection, unless the lord and master of them all should, by any manifest declaration of his will, set one above another, and confer on him, by an evident and clear appointment, an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty.” For people to confirm the state of Nature, a law is set that obliges people to follow and consult it. The Law of Nature brings many things that need to be followed by each person. Locke describes the law’s consequences if not obeyed by saying, “the execution of the law of Nature is in that state put into every man’s hands, whereby every one has a right to punish the transgressors of that law to such a degree as may hinder its violation.” Every law is fair and equal to every person.
The Enlightenment was an astonishing time of transformation in Europe. During this time in the eighteenth century there was a progressive movement that was labeled by its criticism of the normal religious, social, and political perceptions. A number of significant thinkers, with new philosophies, had inspired creativeness and change. These thinkers had many different thoughts and views on people and the way they act, and views on the government. Two well-known and most influential thinkers of this time were the English political philosopher John Locke and the French political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. These two men had laid down some of the intellectual grounds of the modern day government and both had different opinions on what the government’s role in a society.
John Locke explains the state of nature as a state of equality in which no one has power over another, and all are free to do as they please. He notes, however, that this liberty does not equal license to abuse others, and that natural law exists even in the state of nature. Each individual in the state of nature has the power to execute natural laws, which are universal.
Throughout John Locke’s, Second Treatise of Government, he uses several methods to substantiate his claims on the natural right to property. Locke’s view on property is one of the most fundamental and yet debated aspects of his works within his respective view on politics. Locke views property as one of humankind 's most important rights, contending with the right to life and the right to liberty. However, certain claims made by Locke regarding property are may be unfeasible, which could be deduced from the time period in which he lived. Some of Locke’s arguments appear to be carefully considered and well executed, while others lack the equality that Locke strives towards. John Locke’s theory of property, is a somewhat well supported claim
Locke believes that state of nature is pre-political but at the same time it is not pre-moral. He believes that everyone i...
...ture. As Locke himself says: the obligations of the law of nature cease not in society. There is thus a double restraint upon the body politic; it has to respect the natural rights to life liberty and property which people enjoyed in the state of nature and to abide by the law of nature itself. In short, unlike the social contract of Hobbes which gives absolute and unlimited powers to the sovereign ruler, the original contract of Locke gives only limited powers to the community; it is not a bond of slavery but charter of freedom. In the hands of Locke the contract theory is made to serve the purpose for which it was originally enunciated; namely, to defend the liberty of the individual against the claim to absolute authority on the part of the ruler. It hardly needs pointing out that Locke uses it to preserve as much of natural freedom to the individual as possible.
Locke believes that all men by nature are “free, equal, and independent” (Ch.VIII), meaning if someone doesn’t give up punishing rights then we cant do anything to prevent them from exercising these rights. His analysis begins with individuals living in a state of nature, where they are not subject to a common legitimate authority with the power to establish or settle disputes. He believes the only way one can become stripped of his natural rights is by agreeing to become part of a society. From this natural state of freedom and independence, Locke stresses individual consent as the method by which political societies are created and individuals join those societies. Locke states that a person can become a member of society by using express
Order amongst people within a society can only be achieved through justice. The Book of Exodus tells the story of social tension between the Israelites and the Egyptians. In Locke’s piece, Of the State of Nature Chapter II, he emphasizes the positive views of human nature. Locke not only denounces fear of rule, but also supports a no-government form of rule.
In Locke's view, in the state of nature it is impossible to maintain an absolute peace. According to him the existence of conflicts between people is possible. So in terms of equality between people, everyone has right to punish another (chp:2 P.264). In the state of nature there are no independent judges, everyone is a judge because of equality. But in terms of self-preservation, it is necessary that people should preserve the Property, which includes their lives, liberties and estates. By this way, a government is needed for the preservation of the property and peace.
In the Second Treatise of Government, Locke describes that the pre-contract state of society is the state of nature where peace and harmony prevailed and every individual is born free. Locke’s account of the state of nature is a similar interpretation of democracy, where all people are born with certain inalienable rights. Moreover, Locke believes that in this state of nature men have true freedom to do and act as they please. In Locke’s state of nature, men honour their obligations and respect one another. According to Locke (1690), the state of nature is “a state of perfect freedom [for all] to order their actions […]” as they shall please (p. 8). Accordingly, Locke believes that liberty and freedom are most important for a good life (Lam, 2007, p. 66). Although violent conflicts are minimal due to the imposition of laws and law enforcers, this state is chaotic. Therefore, individuals give up a portion of their freedom to the state in order to secure a civilized society, where law and order are protected by the state. Locke’s state of nature is different from Hobbes’ concept of the natural condition in that Locke (1690) believes that “in the state of nature every one has the executive power of the law of nature” (p. 12). In the Second Treatise of Government, Locke describes that the pre-contract state of society is the state of nature where peace and harmony prevail and
John Locke’s idea of natural right should be use as an objective for the society to achieve. In the Second treatise on Government, first, he presents that human nature which is that human are tolerant and reasonable.They naturally to be free and the best state is the law of nature. Then he explains this concept, he states: “ The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges everyone; of nature and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions” (chapter two, paragraph three). According to this sentence, it shows that the reason
Even though Locke proposed that humans are reasonable enough to live in a state of nature without a government, he also believed that a government would be important. Living in a state of nature possesses a number of good qualities but what happens when there is a violation of natural rights? Locke proposes his version of a government through a Social Contract. Locke believed that a government can only be created when everyone agrees to transfer their rights to political authorities in order to execute the law of nature (hayden). This transfer of their partial natural rights must be a voluntary transfer to the sovereign. According to Locke, the purpose of establishing a common wealth state is to protect our rights in an organized and proficient way. In this civil society, when there is a violation a proper punishment will be dealt by the community.