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Sexual relations between slaves and owners
Sexual abuse with slaves
Historic sexual exploitation of slaves
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For this paper, I will focus on Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery, by Jennifer L. Morgan. I choose to use this as one of my secondary sources because it outlines the absurd ideologies that many non-slaves, such as slave owners, constructed regarding African American women fertility, by exposing their reproductive abilities. My paper is exploring how many African American women were not just abused as slaves, but as means for sexual pleasure, reproductive use, and for mere economic profit. Discussing such a horrific topic is very difficult, so in this paper I am seeking to explore how Jennifer Morgan describes all the cruel racial injustices that African women experienced from their perspective, and the perspective …show more content…
of the perpetrators. One argument I would like to focus on is how Morgan explains the significance of reproduction observing the African women slaves during a specific period of time, the early colonial period (1620-1700’s). Morgan illustrates the contradictory beliefs that many white non-slaves imposed on the African women to be fertile property, as a means to justify their tactic of making these women appear as goods or services for market value.
Nonetheless, it was a grotesque technique to conceal these white men’s’ distorted and disgusting beliefs that somehow a body of an African women was able to reproduce better without any pain. Nonetheless, this irrational thought was justified because white women experienced pain because they were decedents from Eve. Thus, they were trying to avoid any women feeling pain during pain. By clarifying this ridiculous claim with representations from the bible, they believed it was constitutionally and biblically acceptable to ill-use the African women for profits. As Morgan first explains in her book, these white men usually created impressions based on the physical appearance that a person upheld. However, regarding the African women, it seemed to be very contradictory. While these men viewed the African women’s’ body as “ desirable and repulsive”(15-16), it was also “ productive and reproductive, beautiful and black” (15-16). I found this point extremely disturbing, it is vey rare to describe someone based on his or her reproductive capabilities. Yet, these women were trapped with the impression that having curves meant they were able to undertake reproductive labors better than white …show more content…
women. Many of these African women were even rumored to not have experienced any labor, but the white women did endure labor pain. Morgan further explores the disturbing way these white men viewed the African women as domestic livestock (49). The African women were valued not as humans, but as fertile property- analogous to the way a farmer would value his cow. The only value that existed for the slave owners was the commodification of these slaves. These slave owners foolish claims about an African women’s reproductive value was further emphasized by laws that any child from a black women who was a slave, even if the father was free, the child would still be a slave (71). Thus, branding these women as measly baby makers, which the law did define them as at the time, only heightened the distorted beliefs of African women slaves, and led them to abuse these women sexually for their own profitable gain. Women should have the chance to value the ability to reproduce.
However, these women, whether they were involved in relationships with other slaves or not, were forced to bare their fertile abilities with other men for the slave owners selfish gain. While Jennifer Morgan presents many arguments, I believe an extreme brutality these women faced was having sex to reproduce so their slave owners would gain a profit. It is disgusting to force any women, of any color to expose herself and undergo the torturous pain of labor to deliver a child out of wedlock and rape. These men forced these women to give birth to children that they would never see again, or from men that had sexually abused them and forcefully inseminated them. While the image is very graphic is the ugly truth. In chapter 2, Morgan further explains the experience from the African women using evidence left behind by the slave-owners, and traders (59). These African women were forced out of their home, mostly from areas in West Africa, and placed on plantations to do unthinkable work. While men were also victims of this terrible cruelty, Morgan found that it was of more value to gift and fertile African women to a slave owner than an African man. I found it extremely important to find out the sources of Morgan’s findings because she powerfully exemplifies the inconceivable abuse these women dealt with because of their black curvy bodies. Morgan obtained her information from clues left behind from slave-owners and traders,
demographic records, and writings from Columbus. Morgan uses these sources to explain the European beliefs regarding reproduction and race, and more so, how these ideologies derived into a firm belief about the role of African women concerning reproduction. Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery, by Jennifer L. Morgan relates to my primary source because it desensitizes an African women’s reproduction experience, which is analogous to Sojourner Truth’s view that black women are not equal to white women. In Truth’s speech, she discusses the lack of consistency between how a women should be treated versus how she should be treated, which is a tactic that Jennifer Morgan depicts throughout her book. These African women were forced to leave their homes in different countries, leave their families, leave their societal roles, only to be traded and obligated to preform brutal inhumane expectations from their owners, such as serve as fertile property. Their femininity is abused, and as Truth exclaims in her speech, it is not about having more rights than a man, but having respect equated to a way a human should be respected. It is one thing to be a slave, but to undergo labor for a profit is a cruel and unusual punishment.
Slavery is a term that can create a whirlwind of emotions for everyone. During the hardships faced by the African Americans, hundreds of accounts were documented. Harriet Jacobs, Charles Ball and Kate Drumgoold each shared their perspectives of being caught up in the world of slavery. There were reoccurring themes throughout the books as well as varying angles that each author either left out or never experienced. Taking two women’s views as well as a man’s, we can begin to delve deeper into what their everyday lives would have been like.
In Harriet Jacobs’ autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, personal accounts that detail the ins-and-outs of the system of slavery show readers truly how monstrous and oppressive slavery is. Families are torn apart, lives are ruined, and slaves are tortured both physically and mentally. The white slaveholders of the South manipulate and take advantage of their slaves at every possible occasion. Nothing is left untouched by the gnarled claws of slavery: even God and religion become tainted. As Jacobs’ account reveals, whites control the religious institutions of the South, and in doing so, forge religion as a tool used to perpetuate slavery, the very system it ought to condemn. The irony exposed in Jacobs’ writings serves to show
Slavery in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries consisted of brutal and completely unjust treatment of African-Americans. Africans were pulled from their families and forced to work for cruel masters under horrendous conditions, oceans away from their homes. While it cannot be denied that slavery everywhere was horrible, the conditions varied greatly and some slaves lived a much more tolerable life than others. Examples of these life styles are vividly depicted in the personal narratives of Olaudah Equiano and Mary Prince. The diversity of slave treatment and conditions was dependent on many different factors that affected a slave’s future. Mary Prince and Olaudah Equiano both faced similar challenges, but their conditions and life styles
It is well known that slavery was a horrible event in the history of the United States. However, what isn't as well known is the actual severity of slavery. The experiences of slave women presented by Angela Davis and the theories of black women presented by Patricia Hill Collins are evident in the life of Harriet Jacobs and show the severity of slavery for black women.
The rape of the female slaves, was described by the writer as an almost normal occurrence in the ship as the article Black Holocaust For Beginners “Death Ships” states “…we hear African screams and white men’s laughter. To the women, to the girl, we KNOW. Many of us have been in the Enemy’s presence now for four to six months and we know that rape is always a grab away…” Later in the article it put the reader in as the rape victim who, get raped by the first mate. The rape described in the article was more violent than the rape we now know.
Deborah Gray White’s Ar’n’t I a Woman? details the grueling experiences of the African American female slaves on Southern plantations. White resented the fact that African American women were nearly invisible throughout historical text, because many historians failed to see them as important contributors to America’s social, economic, or political development (3). Despite limited historical sources, she was determined to establish the African American woman as an intricate part of American history, and thus, White first published her novel in 1985. However, the novel has since been revised to include newly revealed sources that have been worked into the novel. Ar’n’t I a Woman? presents African American females’ struggle with race and gender through the years of slavery and Reconstruction. The novel also depicts the courage behind the female slave resistance to the sexual, racial, and psychological subjugation they faced at the hands of slave masters and their wives. The study argues that “slave women were not submissive, subordinate, or prudish and that they were not expected to be (22).” Essentially, White declares the unique and complex nature of the prejudices endured by African American females, and contends that the oppression of their community were unlike those of the black male or white female communities.
A recurring theme in, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, is Harriet Jacobs's reflections on what slavery meant to her as well as all women in bondage. Continuously, Jacobs expresses her deep hatred of slavery, and all of its implications. She dreads such an institution so much that she sometimes regards death as a better alternative than a life in bondage. For Harriet, slavery was different than many African Americans. She did not spend her life harvesting cotton on a large plantation. She was not flogged and beaten regularly like many slaves. She was not actively kept from illiteracy. Actually, Harriet always was treated relatively well. She performed most of her work inside and was rarely ever punished, at the request of her licentious master. Furthermore, she was taught to read and sew, and to perform other tasks associated with a ?ladies? work. Outwardly, it appeared that Harriet had it pretty good, in light of what many slaves had succumbed to. However, Ironically Harriet believes these fortunes were actually her curse. The fact that she was well kept and light skinned as well as being attractive lead to her victimization as a sexual object. Consequently, Harriet became a prospective concubine for Dr. Norcom. She points out that life under slavery was as bad as any slave could hope for. Harriet talks about her life as slave by saying, ?You never knew what it is to be a slave; to be entirely unprotected by law or custom; to have the laws reduce you to the condition of chattel, entirely subject to the will of another.? (Jacobs p. 55).
...f Jacobs’s narrative is the sexual exploitation that she, as well as many other slave women, had to endure. Her narrative focuses on the domestic issues that faced African-American women, she even states, “Slavery is bad for men, but it is far more terrible for women”. Therefore, gender separated the two narratives, and gave each a distinct view toward slavery.
The film “Slavery by another name" is a one and a half hour documentary produced by Catherine Allan and directed by Sam Pollard, and it was first showcased by Sundance Film Festival in 2012. The film is based on Douglas Blackmonbook Slavery by Another Name, and the plot of the film revolves around the history and life of African Americans after Emancipation Proclamation; which was effected by President Abraham Lincoln in 1865, for the purpose of ending slavery of African Americans in the U.S. The film reveals very brutal stories of how slavery of African Americans persisted in through forced labor and cruelty; especially in the American south which continued until the beginning of World War II. The film brings to light one of my upbringing
In Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, the author subjects the reader to a dystopian slave narrative based on a true story of a woman’s struggle for self-identity, self-preservation and freedom. This non-fictional personal account chronicles the journey of Harriet Jacobs (1813-1897) life of servitude and degradation in the state of North Carolina to the shackle-free promise land of liberty in the North. The reoccurring theme throughout that I strive to exploit is how the women’s sphere, known as the Cult of True Womanhood (Domesticity), is a corrupt concept that is full of white bias and privilege that has been compromised by the harsh oppression of slavery’s racial barrier. Women and the female race are falling for man’s
In fact, women had to carry with the pain of having their children wrenched from them. Women were forced to be “breeders” they were meant to bear children to add to their master’s “stock”, but they were denied the right to care for them. It was not something unusual to happen to these women it was considered normal. The master didn’t believe the female slaves had feelings, or the right to ruin their merchandise. It was also not unusual for the plantation master to satisfy his sexual lust with his female slaves and force them to have his children. Children that were born from these unions were often sold to protect the honor and dignity of the slave owner’s wife, who would be forced to face the undeniable proof of her husband’s lust for “black women.”
During the eighteenth and nineteenth-century, notions of freedom for Black slaves and White women were distinctively different than they are now. Slavery was a form of exploitation of black slaves, whom through enslavement, lost their humanity and freedom, and were subjected to dehumanizing conditions. African women and men were often mistreated through similar ways, especially when induced to labor, they would eventually become a genderless individual in the sight of the master. Despite being considered “genderless” for labor, female slaves suddenly became women who endured sexual violence. Although a white woman was superior to the slaves, she had little power over the household, and was restricted to perform additional actions without the consent of their husbands. The enslaved women’s notion to conceive freedom was different, yet similar to the way enslaved men and white women conceived freedom. Black women during slavery fought to resist oppression in order to gain their freedom by running away, rebel against the slaveholders, or by slowing down work. Although that didn’t guarantee them absolute freedom from slavery, it helped them preserve the autonomy and a bare minimum of their human rights that otherwise, would’ve been taken away from them. Black
Sojourner was an advocate for women’s rights and an inspiring leader for abolishing slavery and enabling slave’s rights. In 1851, Sojourner Truth delivered her speech about racial inequalities, “ain’t I a woman”. I am choosing to use this speech as my primary source for my paper. This speech speaks to the underlying cause regarding sexual harassment that African American slaves endured. It did matter that they were women; all that mattered was that they were enslaved. Thus, being treated with the respect was stripped away from them. In fact, African American women slaves more than often; were victims of sexual harassment by the white women, white men, and even black who perpetrated these terrible acts for their own advantage. At the time of slavery, it was very
In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, by Frederick Douglass, all of the various women who appeared in Douglass’ life were reduced to little more than caricatures of the violence that could be inflicted upon slaves. This is not necessarily the fault of the author, but of the institution of slavery, layered with the historical inequality of men and women of all races and classes. The victimization of female slaves was a horrible issue in history, and it is illuminated in the pages of the Narrative. However, the issues specifically pertaining to female slaves are too often glossed over in favor of the much broader topic of abolition.
When we study about the history of slavery, we often talk about the black men and the white men. But what we forget is the role of women. History books mainly reflect the involvement of men. The abolitionists, the slave traders and the enslaved. In portrayal of enslaved people, men appear more frequently. In the movie Amistad it is told from the point of view of Cinque; in the TV series Roots it follows Kunta Kinte. This male dominated history fails to acknowledge, belittles and devalues the role of women at all levels of slavery. What about the female slave traders, slave owners, enslaved females, female rebels and abolitionists? Are they really invisible? This paper takes into consideration the work done by black and white women.