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Recommended: Odyssey literary analysis
The Odyssey, Gilgamesh, Mythology, and the Song of Solomon offer a tale of rejected love. These women are treated with no respect by the men they love. These women’s reactions to the way they are treated by the men they love teach a lesson on the strength of women and that hurting them is an action that should not be taken lightly. In the story of Gilgamesh, Ishtar’s love is denied by Gilgamesh. When she first lays eyes on him, “Her heart was smitten, her loins caught fire,”(Mitchell book 6; 130). Ishtar falls head over heels for Gilgamesh from the moment she sees him. She loves him so much that she offers him all that he could ever want or need in life. His horrible response leaves her heart broken. Gilgamesh could simply decline her offer in a polite, respectful manner. Instead he decides to insult her life style and humiliate her by saying, “Why would I want to be the lover of …show more content…
a broken oven that fails in the cold, a flimsy door that the wind blows through, a palace that falls on its staunchest defenders.” (Mitchell book 6; 132) Ishtar is treated with no respect by Gilgamesh resulting in her love for him turning to hatred. Ishtar’s hatred should be feared. One cannot get away with humiliating a women because of her emotions and have no consequences. She retaliates by sending the Bull of Heaven to kill Gilgamesh, but Gilgamesh triumphs in this battle by killing the bull, but ultimately sentences his friend to death. Ishtar’s revenge on Gilgamesh, which was intended to kill him, instead takes the life of his best friend. This hurts Gilgamesh far more than his death, because he has to deal with the grief and sorrow of his friends death, knowing he is to blame. Ishtar’s revenge takes the most precious thing in Gilgamesh’s life away from him. Madea, from the tale of “The Quest of the Golden Fleece”, has a strong passionate love for Jason. This love was forced onto her by Cupid and cause her to give up her life and family. She goes as far as killing her brother so that Jason could live. She devotes her whole life to making Jason succeed in his quest with the help of her magic powers. She commits unforgivable and horrendous acts, for the success of Jason.“All that she did of evil and of good was done for him alone.”(Hamilton 177). Her horrendous acts were done for his sake and for his success in his journey. He repays all the sacrifices she makes for him by exileing her and rejecting her love. Once his quest is done, Jason has no use for Madea’s love anymore, so he gets rid of her. Madea’s passion for Jason transfers from love to anger. She wants to do anything she could to hurt him for the pain he has caused her “Alone with her outraged love and her ruined life. His feelings had nothing in them to make him silent,”(Hamilton 178). Jason never loves Madea, yet leads her on for his personal gain. Her love is gone and all that is left is rage and hope for revenge. Madea takes her revenge in a way that she knows would hurt Jason most. Instead of killing Jason, she kills his wife. Jason now has to live with the knowledge that the death of his wife was due to his actions. By killing his wife, she makes sure that Jason will suffer everyday the way she did because he can never be with the women he loves again. Jason takes Madea’s love for granted so she takes his love away. Madea’s revenge shows that killing your enemy isn’t the only way to get even. In Song of Solomon, Hagar’s experience with love is very similar to those of Madea and Ishtar. Milkman uses and cheats on her and once he is bored, he leaves. The difference between Hagar and the other characters discussed is that she does not make the complete transition from love to hate. She is mad at him, but she does not hate him. She wants to hurt him, but she cannot. She wants to not love him anymore, but she cannot. She wants his attention and to be noticed by him. She wants him to think of her. “She could not get his love (and the possibility that he did not think of her at all was intolerable), so she settled for his fear.”(Morrison 128) All Hagar wants from Milkman is for him to care about her and she does not care what kind of care it is, she just wants it. She wants him to be thinking of her and her attempts at murdering him ensure that he would think about her. Hagar’s revenge is different from the other characters though because she does not actually hurt him. She cannot hurt him, because she still loves him. All of the other characters discussed have made a complete transition from love to hate, but Hagar has not made this transition. When given the opportunity to finally get her revenge on Milkman for his treatment of her, she cannot do it. None of the other characters hesitate when enacting their act of revenge. The other characters wanted their ex loves to be hurt, but Hagar cannot hurt Milkman because she still loves him. They make the full transition from love to hate, which Hagar has yet to do, which allowed them to get their revenge. In the Odyssey, Agamemnon shared his advise regarding women and their actions.
Agamemnon’s death was the result of upsetting his wife. Her revenge on him was killing him so he will never be able to see his son after returning home. Agamemnon tells Odysseus,” ‘So even your own wife- never indulge her too far./ Never reveal the whole truth, whatever you may know;/ Just tell her a part of it, be sure to hide the rest,” (Odyssey book 11;line 500-502). Agamemnon warns Odysseus about the danger of women. He is says that you should only tell a women what she wants to hear and to never tell her anything that would upset her or give her too much power over you. He knows from his experience with his wife that if you upset a women, it can lead to dire consequences. Agamemnon also warns that ,”the time for trusting women’s gone forever!”(Odyssey book 11;line 518). This shows the development from women having no power and having to deal with the wrongs that had been done to them, to women getting back at men for the horrible way that they had been treat and men having consequences for their
actions. Ishtar, Madea, and Hagar are all examples of how women deserve respect and they should be treated as such. If you hurt a women, expect to be hurt back. If a woman truly hates you, she will find a way to make you suffer for the pain that you have caused and she will hit you where it hurts the most.
The Odyssey: Portrayal of Women How does Homer portray women in the epic, The Odyssey? In order to answer this question you must look at woman and goddesses as two separate groups of people who are "people". This is because they are portrayed in two separate ways. You see, a regular woman like Penelope is looked at as beautiful but has.
Judged by modern Western standards, the treatment of women by men in Homer's Odyssey can be characterized as sexist. Women in Homer's Odyssey are judged mainly by their looks. If important men and gods consider a woman beautiful, or if her son or husband is a hero or has an important position such as king, the woman is successful. The way women in The Odyssey are treated is based on appearance, the things men want from them, and whether the woman has any power over men. During Odysseus' journey to the underworld he sees many different types of women. We hear about their beauty, their important sons, or their affairs with gods. We hear nothing about these women's accomplishments in their lifetime. Odysseus tells how Antiope could "boast a god for a lover,"(193) as could Tyro and many other women. Epikaste was called "that prize"(195) her own son unwittingly married.
For the Greeks, Homer's Odyssey was much more than just an entertaining tale of gods, monsters, and men, it served as cultural paradigm from which every important role and relationship could be defined. This book, much more so than its counter part The Iliad, gives an eclectic view of the Achean's peacetime civilization. Through Odyssey, we gain an understanding of what is proper or improper in relationships between father and son, god and mortal, servant and master, guest and host, and--importantly--man and woman. Women play a vital role in the movement of this narrative. Unlike in The Iliad, where they are chiefly prizes to be won, bereft of identity, the women of Odyssey are unique in their personality, intentions, and relationship towards men. Yet, despite the fact that no two women in this epic are alike, each--through her vices or virtues-- helps to delineate the role of the ideal woman. Below, we will show the importance of Circe, Calypso, Nausicaa, Clytaemestra, and Penelope in terms of the movement of the narrative and in defining social roles for the Ancient Greeks.
The women presented throughout The Odyssey provide a respectable representation of women in ancient Greece in general. There are several women introduced in The Odyssey, all of various backgrounds and social classes. The most notable women or type of women in this epic include goddesses, Penelope, and the housemaids and servants.
Women play an influential role in The Odyssey. Women appear throughout the story, as goddesses, wives, princesses, or servants. The nymph Calypso enslaves Odysseus for many years. Odysseus desires to reach home and his wife Penelope. It is the goddess Athena who sets the action of The Odyssey rolling; she also guides and orchestrates everything to Odysseus’ good. Women in The Odyssey are divided into two classes: seductresses and helpmeets. By doing so, Homer demonstrates that women have the power to either hinder of help men. Only one woman is able to successfully combine elements of both classes: Penelope. She serves as a role model of virtue and craftiness. All the other women are compared to and contrasted with Penelope.
Soon after completing this heroic task, Ishtar, the goddess of love and war sought to marry Gilgamesh. As a king who should abide by the gods, Gilgamesh had an outburst of denying Ishtar 's proposal because of her infidelity and cruel relationships with her past lovers. "[Who is there] would take you in marriage? [You, a frost that congeals no] ice, a louvre-door [that] stays [not] breeze nor draught, a palace that massacres...warriors," (Tablet VI 32-35). Because he denied Ishtar, this further shows how Gilgamesh is immature and not ready to accept his responsibilities as king by marrying Ishtar. As a result of her denial, Ishtar requests from her father Anu to send down the Bull of Heaven. His denial in taking part of the sacred marriage ceremony and his eagerness to disrespect and dishonor the gods ' wishes to punish his city of Uruk exhibits Gilgamesh 's fault in taking up his role as king. Gilgamesh took this opportunity to slay the Bull of Heaven to, again, have another event to add to his repertoire of heroic deeds. He arrogantly completed these heroic acts of the killing of Humbaba and the killing of the Bull of Heaven. Without humility, a ruler will be looked down on by both the people, and in this situation, by the gods. Since Gilgamesh focused entirely in trying to be a great
“A woman cannot be herself in the society of the present day, which is an exclusively masculine society, with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view” (Ibsen). This saying also applied to the times of the Odyssey, an epic constructed by the blind, eight century B.C.E. poet, Homer. As one of the few representatives of ancient Greek social order, the blind, Homer witnessed women as substandard to men, regardless of their actions; many of them existed as seductresses, prostitutes, or slaves. He engraved into his poem women’s roles; the roles of women, as mothers, wives, seductresses, and goddesses are exemplified in this epic, when shown in comparison to the men of that era.
After the slayig of the ferocious giant, Humbaba, Ishtar is filled with a lustful desire to betrothe him. When she approaches Gilgamesh, his new sense of self-worth derails him from Ishtar's 'seductive wiles'. (Neumann 63)He replies hastily, insulting her of her past. "Your lovers have found you like a brazier which smoulders in the cold,...a castle which crushes the garrison,...a stone which falls from the parapet,...a sandal that trips the wearer."( pg.30) It is ironic that Gilgamesh finds her past to be so depictable after he spent years of womanizing for his own pleasure. Does he think that he is better than her because he has abandoned his old ways? He really hasn't changed at all. He is still filled with his 'ego-consciousness', just in a different form. As he goes on ridiculing Ishtar, his self-ego grows even more; and once again will be punished for his actions.
Clytemnestra is the anti-feminine queen in Agamemnon, which the reader (at least the ancient Greek) would have hated for stepping outside her place as a woman. The first mention of her masculine behavior comes from the watchman at the beginning of the play. “She in whose woman’s breast beats heart of man” (Aeschylus 2). Clytemnestra rules over the kingdom of Argos while her husband Agamemnon is at war. In his essay “The Critique of the Female Stereotype in Greek Tragedy”, Leonard Moss describes the typical female character in tragedies. Moss states female characters “lacked…the practical intellect to deal with ethical or political concerns” (516). Clytemnestra completely goes against this attribute of other female characters. In Agamemnon the chorus describes her actions/speech as man-like because it is smart. “A gracious word thy woman’s lips have told/Worthy a wise man’s utterance” (Aeschylus 13). This line tells us about Clytemnestra and about the views of the Greek people. In Greek tragedy the chorus was supposed to represent the thoughts of the average person and sum up the story so people could understand. People watch...
Female characters who take on more active and independent roles frequently do so through their sexuality, one of the few instruments of agency at their disposal. These women are portrayed as temptresses who are obstacles to be overcome by the male heroes; hence, an antagonistic role. An example of this is the Aeneid’s Dido, the powerful independent queen who exerts power over Aeneas through seduction, tempting him to remain in Carthage rather than follow his fate, and so making her an (inadvertent) antagonist. Describing her suicide, Vergil states “Dido was dying a death that was neither deserved nor predestined, but premature: a poor woman, swept up by the quick fire of madness,” (4.696-697). Here Dido displays great agency by controlling her own fate, but this agency is self-destructive, suggesting that women cannot use agency for good ends. The Odyssey also shows the vilification of powerful women using their sexuality, when Agamemnon says of his wife “But now, in the depth of her villainy, she has branded with infamy not herself alone but the whole of her sex, even the
Greek tragedy incorporates female characters that symbolize women in Ancient Greece. Through the portrayal of Antigone in the playwright, Antigone in Antigone by Sophocles and Penelope in the epic poem, The Odyssey by Homer, these two women play opposing roles depicting how they appear to society through their actions. In both of these stories, they embody the ideals of passionate women who are very loyal and brave. Through other female characters in each story such as Penelope and Ismene, we can construct a better view of traits illustrated by Antigone and Penelope.
Agamemnon is a great warrior, but not a great family man. On his way to the Trojan war, he sacrificed his daughter to the gods so that his ships would be able to arrive safely and swiftly. This is an especially rotten thing to do because the war is being waged to reclaim just one woman, Helen. It is hard to justify killing one’s own daughter so that somebody else can get his wife back. However, war is what he is good at, and if he didn’t sacrifice his daughter he would be letting down ...
Agamemnon returns from Troy, a victorious general, bringing home spoils, riches and fame. He is murdered on the same day as he returns. Clytemnestra, his adulterous wife, has laid in wait for her husband's homecoming and kills him whilst he is being bathed after his long journey. During the Agamemnon, large proportions of the Queen's words are justifications for her action, which is very much concerned with the sacrifice of Iphigenia to the gods, in order for the fleet to set sail for Troy. Aegisthus, the new husband of the Queen Clytemnestra, and partner in the conspiracy to murder the war hero, had reasons, which stemmed from the dispute between the Houses of Atreus and Thyestes. Was the murder justified retribution for a callous and dispassionate murder of an innocent girl, as well as the fate demanded by the family curse? Or was the death of Agamemnon an unjust action by the traitorous woman Clytemnestra and her lover carried out in aspirations of his wealth and power?
Women in The Epic of Gilgamesh plays a very significant role. Women were not considered as the most powerful gods nor the strongest or wisest of all humans but they still had great influence over others around them, at that time of Mesopotamia. Though the main characters of the story, Gilgamesh and Enkidu were men, women did not necessarily play a minor role. The roles of women in The Epic of Gilgamesh were mixed. Women are represented as harlots (Shamhat), wise (Ninsun) and as gods (Ishtar. In the epic of Gilgamesh, it can be seen that while men were considered to be the most powerful and wisest humans and gods, women had the power to significantly influence these men. Several women mentioned and described in the Epic of Gilgamesh carried roles that had important effects on the men they encountered. One woman I found very interesting is Ishtar, the goddess of love and fertility. I will discuss how women were being portrayed in the story using her character to support my analysis and how the creators of this epic portrayed women in Mesopotamia through this character.
In Aeschylus’ The Agamemnon, Agamemnon and Clytemnestra have to make tough decisions throughout the play, decisions they believe are justified. The actions of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra are not justified because they are caused by their blinding hubris and desire for power. Agamemnon makes the choice to kill his daughter just so he could lead his troops to Troy. Clytemnestra kills her husband, not just for revenge, but for his position and power as king of Mycenae. They make selfish choices and do not believe they will be punished for them. By exposing their true motives, Aeschylus makes it clear they are not justified in their actions.