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Critical analysis of military robots
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Military Use of Robotics and Ethics
In the short story “Runaround”, published in 1942, the author Isaac Asimov introduced Three Laws of Robotics to his readers. Briefly speaking, these laws prohibited a robot from injuring or killing a human being under any condition, even if its owner asked it to do so. However, by the end of year 2008, there were around 12,000 U.S. military robots on the ground in Iraq (Singer, 2011). It seems like the three laws of robotics do not apply to the real world. It is natural to think that the use of military robotics will reduce the casualties of their interested parties, but, in reality, robots can be out of control due to various reasons, including technical errors and unethical commands from programmers or commanders. This article will illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of military robotics in battlefields, and discuss the need for adaptations of ethical rules in a world of artificial intelligence.
Robotics in Firefights
Imagine a war where soldiers are replaced with robots and no one gets killed. It sounds like a battlefield without blood and casualties. During the war in Iraq, the U.S. army adopted plenty of types of robots rather than putting soldiers’ lives at risk. Well-known unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), Predators were not only serving as watchers in the
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Army should be aware of the possible outcomes of the deployment of these “killer applications.” Second, decision makers should ask themselves whether there are any alternatives to avoid massive deaths of their soldiers besides using unmanned machines. Third, as a way of assessment, it is necessary to inform the users about the risks of being shot by some insubordinate automatons. Furthermore, in evaluating the safety of the procedure to operators and civilians, war program executives should also investigate the accidents caused by these uncontrollable autonomous
unmanned are being used in the new concept of military operations. The placement of Special
First Law: A robot must never harm a human being or, through inaction, allow any human to come to harm.
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
The book, I, Robot, has a series of short stories which show how the robots develop the ability to think and perform the tasks for the humans. The robots, however, have laws which they cannot break. The laws are, “A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm … A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law … A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. (Asimov 26). These laws seem promising and allows the reader to think that these robots must be harmless. However, the robots start to think for themselves as the story progresses. The robots begin to get irritated by the human commands. A robot named Cutie argues,
..., Robot is a collection of short stories written by the science fiction author himself, Isaac Asimov. He set out the principles of robot behavior that we know as the Three Laws of Robotics. “A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm� (choen, Lindsay. I,Robot) Contained in this whimsical collection are stories of robots gone mad, mind-reading robots, robots with a sense of humor, robot politicians, and robots that secretly run the world, all told with Asimov's trademark dramatic blend of science fact and science fiction. This collection has set the boundaries and set a certain criteria for other authors to follow and keep consistency in their stories involving robots and other forms of artificial intelligence.
Several military robotic automation systems already operate at the level where the human is still in charge and responsible for the deployment of lethal force, but not in a directly supervisory manner. The Phalanx system for Aegis-class cruisers in the Navy is designed to be the last line of defense against anti-ship missiles. The gun mount moves with rapid precision. The system takes a low amount of input from the ship, making it capable of functioning despite potential damage to the ship. There are several settings for the Phalanx system, with the final fail safe setting of “casualty” that will defend the ship from air attacks without human selection of targets. The MK 69 encapsulated torpedo (CAPTOR) sea mine system was the U.S. Navy's standard anti-submarine mine during the Cold War, having enough computer power t...
In 2010, robots are very different from the expectations set in 1965. “The latest advances in technology have led to robots that look very much like humans but are mostly able to perform only limited functions.” (Bar-Cohen 12). Yoseph Bar-Cohen and David Hanson’s book ‘The Coming Robot Revolution” is very clear ab...
The use of drones as weapons of war and delivery and surveillance systems should not be dismissed because many people do not realize the real capabilities of drones and how they can be used to better the world through efficient air strikes, faster delivery times, and useful surveillance. Some of the most common misconceptions about drones arise due to the lack of knowledge about what drones are. A drone is a remote controlled, pilotless aircraft that can be used to survey an area, conduct stealth missions, and deliver supplies into difficult to reach areas (Drone). Unmanned aircraft are also, contrary to popular belief, not solely machines that kill without even a thought to who is being fired upon. They have proved to be effective surveillance units in areas that may be dangerous for manned aircraft to fly, along with the potential to be reliable delivery units (Drones).
Another name for drones are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVS). These are “aircraft either controlled by ‘pilots’ from the ground or increasingly, autonomously following a pre-programmed mission” (Cole 4). Even though there are many unique types of drones, but they usually fall under two main categories: ones that are armed and equipped with missiles and bombs and others that are used for surveillance. In the past couple of years the use of drones has increased dramatically. The reason being because “unlike manned aircraft they can stay aloft for many hours and are flown remotely so there is no danger to the flight crew” (Cole 13). There are drones that can actually fly over more than fifty hours. In countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq, the Predator and U.S Reaper are physically there. Cause of the power of technology th...
Every day the world is evolving, different types of technology are being made for different kinds of uses. Some people in the army want to use drones to carry out different types of missions, in other places in the world. Using will help soldiers carry out missions, quicker, easier, and much more efficient. 60% of Americans agree on the usage of drones for army purposes. Many people say that the army should not use drones because drones will increase the number of terrorists, drones can kill and injure innocent civilians, and that drones will “...allow the United States to become emotionally disconnected from the horrors of war” (ℙ8, Drones). There are many advantages with having drones aid military bases, because
The U.S. army has come up with a digital warfare system called Army Battle Command System. This system can scan digital street maps, monitor enemy positions, zoom in on individual buildings through satellite imagery and download instructions from commanders. The Army Battle Command System has been but in to a hand full of Humvees in Iraq. This technology was originally designed for battlefield combat which was tanks and helicopters, but now they have found that it is much more useful for hunting rebel leaders and trailing street fighters.
Weng, Y-H., C-H. Chen and C-T. Sun. 2009. Toward the Human–Robot Co-Existence Society: On Safety Intelligence for Next Generation Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics 1 (4): 267-282 Springer http://www.springerlink.com/ (accessed February 13, 2011).
In today's society, robots come in different types and qualities, and robots’ use was mainly in the laboratories and factories; however, that has drastically changed where their uses are changing at a high speed. In addition to that, they have spread throughout the world. The main function of robots is to replace the work that people used to do, or perform tasks that man cannot. A robot is a mechanical or virtual device that uses a computer program, or electronic circuitry, to carry out its functions. In modern science, robotics refers to the study of robots is robotics, which deals with designing, constructing, operating, and using robots and computer systems for controlling and processing information and providing feedbacks. However, as much as robots replace human labor, individuals or organizations can use them in dangerous environments that might be harmful and beneficial to humans. Therefore, to understand the logic behind the creation of robots, one should learn the pros and cons of robotics, in the current society. This is because people are using this technology without having a deep understanding of its effects. However, an objective evaluation of the use of robots, in the modern society, shows that they have a positive influence on human beings, but if the robots were overused, it could lead to a negative side. which shows why human beings should use robots wisely that will result an improvement to their societies and own lives. Robots have become interactive equipment whereby they have become part of human life. In this regard, people use them directly or indirectly to enhance the quality of their lives. However, Sharkey argues that there are ethical issues that arise because of using robots to enhance hu...
7. Robots, Ethics & War. (n.d.). Center for Internet and Society. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2010/12/robots-ethics-war
In case of emergencies, robots could reduce the percentage of fatal damages that occurs through these cases. In fact, humans’ lives are much valuable and precious rather than robots, in which societies could use robots to scarify through the dangerous situation for the sake of rescuing people. In addition, dangerous situations such as firefighting or earthquake require much effort, precision, and scarifying in the evacuation process. Furthermore, a beneficial feature that could help robots to coexist through the risky situations easily and preform the rescuing mission perfectly is that robots do not have feelings or emotions. According to Bruemmer (2006), robots do not have the ability to realize or notify any aspect that people do not programmed them to do. In other words, robots are merely machines that cannot feel or recognize what surrounding them without a sophisticated program done by humans. Therefore, as robots do not have the ability of feeling or knowing they could go through inhumane conditions for saving people. Moreover, robots have various capabilities that make them unique enable them to do heavy duties and bear more serio...