Is Jealousy Different For Men Than For Women? Research is growing to find if there is a difference among men and women when perceiving jealousy. Specifically emotional reactions to a romantic partner's infidelity, with men showing higher levels jealousy by a partner's sexual infidelity and women showing higher levels by a partner's emotional infidelity (Bailey, Gaulin, Agyei, and Gladue, 1994; Buss, Larsen, Weston, and Semmekoth, 1992; Buunk, Angleitner, Oubaid, and Buss, 1996). However, there is an ongoing discussion as how best to interpret these gender differences, with theorists falling largely into one of the groups: 1) those that view jealousy as an evolved sexual adaptive solution of paternal uncertainty and 2) those who view jealousy as a common social cognition emotion. The central difference in the groups is that those in the first group’s focus is on distal explanations of jealousy while those in the second group’s focus on proximal explanations of jealousy. Furthermore, the groups differ in their apprehension of how the mind works, with those in the first group adopting a modular view (Toobey and Cosmides,1992) and those in the second group adopting a general processor view. Theorists in the first group share the conjecture that jealousy is an entity that evolved to explain the specific problem of mate preservation (Daly, Wilson, and Weghorst, 1982). They proclaim that different jealousy responses evolved as a consequence of the fact that ancestral men and women faced unique reproductive challenges. Due to unseen fertilization process, men could never be certain that they were genetically related to any children born to their partner. This paternity uncertainty was the greatest reproductive challenge faced by ancestr... ... middle of paper ... ...003). A Review of Sex Differences in Sexual Jealousy, Including Self-Report Data, Psychophysiological Responses, Interpersonal Violence, and Morbid Jealousy. Personality & Social Psychology Review (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates), 7(2), 102-128. doi:NO_DOI. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Harris, C. R., & Christenfeld, N. (1996). GENDER, JEALOUSY, AND REASON. Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 7(6), 364-366. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., & Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: A coordinated study of forced-choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94. Salovey, P., & Rodin, J. (1984). Some Antecedents and Consequences of Social-Comparison Jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 780-792. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Insecurity and low self-confidence can be influential and very determining factors in shortening an individual’s life span; especially if you are an individual who is marry and has jealousy issues. In Robert Olen Butler’s short story “Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot Analysis.” We can appreciate the perfect example of how trust issues and not been able to exercise strong communication skills can make you a coward, a miserable, and pathetic low life human being; having such characteristics will eventually deteriorate and liquidate your relationships with your loved ones. In this essay we will analyze the different elements that Robert Olen Butler uses in order to educate
jealousy as an excuse for beating their wives; violence became a way for husbands to
These two clusters of attributes are most commonly seen as mirror images of one another with masculinity usually characterized by dominance and aggression, and femininity by passivity and s...
What comes to mind when male and female sex drives are mentioned? The stereotype as stated by Roy F. Baumeister (2000) would be females have a lower sex drive then males. This statement tends to be accepted by most people in society as the standard, so why would looking into this question be important? Having a “standard” can be dangerous, because not everyone fits that standard. Thus, understanding the differences can show society what is normal, and how to change the standard that is accepted. Roy F. Baumeister at Case Western University, Alicia Barr at South Plains College, and many others sought to understand why do females have a lower sex drive.
Evolutionary psychologists found evidence more than three decades ago for sex differences in jealousy towards infidelity (Burchell, & Ward, 2011). An abundance of studies have been conducted to increase our understanding of these sex differences, and a multitude of theories have been created to explain them (Levy, Kelly, & Jack, 2006; Sagarin & Guadagno, 2004; Tagler & Gentry, 2011; Walum et al., 2013). Jealousy towards infidelity is a specific type of jealousy which is only apparent in species that reproduce through internal fertilisation (Buss, Larsen, Westen & Semmelroth, 1992). There are two types of jealousy, including sexual jealousy and emotional jealousy. Sexual jealousy has been defined as jealousy elicited by a threat of sexual infidelity, which refers to any form of physical unfaithfulness that does not involve feelings (Levy, Kelly, & Jack, 2006). Whereas emotional jealousy is elicited from the threat of emotional infidelity, that is any form of unfaithfulness that involves a romantic connection and doesn’t necessarily entail the physical act of cheating (Levy, Kelly, & Jack, 2006).
The book Delusions of Gender was written by Cordelia Fine in August of 2010. She was born in 1975 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Throughout the years, she has attended Oxford, Cambridge and University College London to get her degrees in experimental psychology, criminology, and her PhD. Due to the fact that she is writing a book about the differences in how each of the sexes think, she has a bias because she is a female and she doesn’t have true insight on what a male has on their point of view.
DeSteno, D., Bartlett, M. Y., Braverman, J., & Salovey, P. (2002). Sex differences in jealousy: Evolutionary mechanism or artifact of measurement? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1103-1116.
Grigsby, Channing. “A Course in Self-Esteem: 5. Sources of Low Self-Esteem.” Online Posting. 17 July 2001 <http://www.getnewvisions.com/se/05crse_sources.html>.
explains to us that from now on you have to take on jealousy as well.
Kenrick’s ideas are supported by Buss’ 1994 experiment. Buss surveyed men and women in thirty seven countries to investigate important qualities in the opposite sex. The findings showed that women preferred resourcefulness and dependability whereas men valued chastity and youth. This study appears to support Kenrick’s “Parental Investment Theory” as Buss argues that men evolved to provide for their partners and are attracted to fertile women.
If the liver is healthy you'll have very little jealousy. If your liver is terrible, you'll suffer from terrible jealousy. All these emotions can be traced back to the organs in the body. They are set right when the changed molecular patterns go into the brain and sets right the brain.
Fausto-Sterling, A. (1993, April) The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough Retrieved from http://moodle.csun.edu
...e a parallel correlation from offline jealousy behaviors. Groothof, Dijkstra, and Barelds (2009) suggest that “as for offline acts of infidelity, men compared to women are more upset by a mates sexual infidelity over the Internet, whereas women, more than men, are more upset by a mate’s emotional infidelity over the Internet” (p.1126). Research also suggests that besides socio-cultural and evolutionary jealousy based on gender differentiation; further research should focus on individual’s cognitive social perspective pertaining to jealousy emotion. Harris (2002) suggest that “individuals clearly vary in their susceptibility to feelings of jealousy…the degree of jealousy will be determined by the appraisals people make regarding the seriousness of a threat” (p.11). With that said, further research on sexual jealousy triggers should be further investigated.
The following paper explores two different theories, gender schema theory and Psychoanalytic theory, which seek to explain sex and/or gender. Both theories that will be depicted throughout this paper has its own orientation towards what gender is, where it is located, and what this means for every day.
Reese, C. (2000). Biological Differences Establish Gender Roles. Male/female roles: opposing viewpoints (pp. 18-19). San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press.