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The importance of religion in American politics
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While America did not have a Christian Founding, it was deeply shaped by Christian moral truths and the Founders created a government that was welcoming to Christians as to practitioners of other religions. ---------
America is not and has never been a Christian nation. The reasons are that it does not state anywhere in the Constitution that we are a Christian Nation, the Founders’ political beliefs would never lead them to support that America was founded as a Christian Nation, and after the Constitution was approved, conservative Ministers attacked it.
The Text of the Constitution Does Not Say the United States Is a Christian Nation. If a Christian Nation had been the founder’s intention they would have put it in the Constitution. Yet in
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the Constitution God, Jesus Christ, or Christianity is never mentioned. Not only does the Constitution not mention Christianity, but it also includes Article VI, which bans any religious tests for public office. Meaning non-Christians have the right to hold federal office. If the Nation were built on Christian Founding’s we would only allow Christians to hold a federal office. The Constitution does not declare that the United States is a Christian nation. This fact alone is fatal to the cause of Christian nation advocates. James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, some of our key founders, were opposed to mixing both the church and the state.
Both Jefferson and Madison came to this disapproval in two different ways. Being well educated in history they both understood how the Christian governments in Europe had destroyed the freedom for the people. They knew of the continuous wars over different Christian religions. They also had both witnessed religious oppression firsthand. Madison fought for church-state separation and religious freedom because he had seen the jailing of ministers. Then Jefferson’s Virginia Statue for Religious Liberty guaranteed religious freedom for everyone. George Washington saw religion as a good and moral behavior but he didn’t necessarily accept all Christian doctrine. Washington is the author of The Letter to Touro Synagogue (1790). In the letter, Washington guarantees the Jews in America that they will enjoy religious liberty not just toleration in the new nation. He envisions a multi-faith society where everyone is free to practice what he or she believes. John Adams was a Unitarian. He rejected the Trinity and the theology of Jesus. He even states that “The government of the United States is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion.” - John Adams. Alexander Hamilton, writing in “Federalist No. 69,” he explains how the American president differs from the English king. He outlines several key differences between both. He writes “The one has no particle of
spiritual jurisdiction; the other is the supreme head and governor of the national church!” –Alexander Hamilton. Soon after the Constitution was ratified, conservative ministers began to attack it because it lacked references to Christianity. During the Founding period Ministers knew that the Constitution didn’t announce that the United States as an official Christian nation, which upset them. In 1793, five years after the Constitution was ratified, The Reverend John M. Mason of New York attacked the Constitution. He thought that the lack of reference to God would anger him and that he would “overturn from its foundations the fabric we have been rearing and crush us to atoms in the wreck.” Conservative pastors continued to attack the constitution till the nineteenth century. These pastors knew that the Constitution granted no partiality to Christianity. They thought this to be a flaw.
One similarity between Jefferson’s letter and the United States Constitution is that they all grant freedom of worship. The Constitution grants Americans freedom of religion implying that a person can worship who, whenever or wherever they wish to worship as long as they do not interfere with the rights of other people. Jefferson’s letter, on the other hand, granted freedom to the Danbury Baptist Church stating that the government would not interfere with their means of worship in any way. Jefferson’s letter further promised that the government would not favor
From 1786-1800, James Madison and other political theorists, wrote eighty-five federalist papers explaining issues on our country and urging people to reconnect with the new constitution. In Federalist paper 10, Madison illustrates that with government and the way that we think about who we look up to in terms of rights has strengthened a divide in mankind. “A common passion or interest will, in almost every case, be felt by a majority of the whole; a communication and concert result from the form of government itself,” (Madison: The Federalist 10). James Madison ties with Jefferson in his opinion about how religion and government do not mix well. He does not tolerate when an argument between a citizens beliefs and the law becomes a problem because it clearly states in the Constitution that “Congress shall make no law respecting a religious movement” (Americans United) In Federalist paper 51, Madison also expresses on how being under the same ruling and in the same environment we have to learn to listen to both sides of the story. “In a free government the security for civil rights must be the same as that for religious rights. It consists in the one case in the multiplicity of interests, and in the other in the multiplicity of sects,” (Madison: The Federalist 51). The way that Jefferson and Madison compare is through the way that they think things should be perceived, such as,
Washington clearly and strongly asserts that the aspects of religion and morality were important not only for happiness of the people and the county, but also were vital in supporting political growth and well-being for the nation. Accordingly, Washington proclaims, “of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensible supports” (Washington, 1796). Washington contends that religious principle is crucial to operating the government on the grounds that it affects all that are “foundations of justice” (Washington, 1796).
In his brief response, President Jefferson sympathized with the Baptists in their opposition to the state of Connecticut’s established religion. The question of this assignment is “What do you think the signers of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution thought about the separation of church and state or about the separation of God from government?” While devoutly committed to religious liberty He deeply opposed established churches as existed in Massachusetts and Connecticut, but recognized that, as President, he had to respect them. The letter contains the phrase "wall of separation between church and state," that expressed his reverence for the First Amendment’s “wall of separation between Church & State” at the federal level. This became the short-hand for the Establishment Clause that we use today: "Separation of church and state." President Jefferson put much thought and intense scrutiny into the letter, and consulted New England politicians to assure that his words would not offend while still conveying his message that it was not the place of the Congress or of the Executive to do anything that might be misconstrued an establishment of religion. The now well-known the phrase "wall of separation between church and state,” lay
The Democratization of American Christianity, by Nathan Hatch, is written about “the cultural and religious history of the early American republic and the enduring structures of American Christianity” (3). Hatch writes to make two arguments: 1) the theme of democratization is central to understanding the development of American Christianity, and 2) the years of the early republic are the most crucial in revealing to process that took and is still taking place. The story of the democratization of American Christianity begins with the population boom in America from the Revolution up to 1845. Hatch writes that during this boom, “American Christianity became a mass enterprise” (4).
In Nathan O. Hatch’s “The Democratization of American Christianity” he quickly forms his thesis and expands on the argument “both that the theme of
America today still maintains the separation of church and state, an idea that was founded by some of the earliest colonists.... ... middle of paper ... ... William Penn, Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania, soon after wrote the Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges and Liberties, a constitution for the colony of Pennsylvania, which enabled the people to freely practice their religion of choice without fear of government punishment. American colonies were clearly established with the intent to all live together with Christian beliefs, but with so many interpretations and versions of the same religious scripture, freedom to practice whichever adaptation feels right became most important in colonial life. And as a safe haven for those who were persecuted in their home countries, America truly flourished as a place for the religiously tolerant.
The reason Jefferson choose the expression "separation of church and state" was because he was addressing a Baptist crowd; a church of which he was not a member. Jefferson wanted to remove all fears that the government would make laws to the church.
Just like in Europe and many other parts of the world, religion has been on the decline for many years now in America. From the historical point of view, religion in America is very different from what it was in Europe. The first amendment of the American constitution forbids the state to establish an official church of the state. In other words, secularization is the very premise that America is built upon. In many European countries it is the complete opposite as in for example Sweden where the state church has played a huge role for centuries, and where the church was separated from the state only a few decades ago
In 1800 Jefferson entered office with the intention to move away from the Federalist policies of Washington and Adams and to put the nation onto a path that he thought would be best. He wished to minimize the power of the central government by strengthening the state governments. “Our country is too large to have all its affairs directed by a single government…” (Document A). Jefferson and the Republican Party envisioned a government that was going to work for the people, a government with the people’s interests at heart. They believed that having stronger state governments would accomplish this. The leaders of a state were closer to the people they were governing; therefore they should know what the public needed. Document B refers to Jefferson’s belief in the strict interpretation of the Constitution, especially when it is about the freedom of religion. “Certainly no power to prescribe any religious exercise, or to assume authority in religious...
Fea, John. Was America Founded as a Christian Nation?: A Historical Introduction. 1st ed. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011.
The First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States establishes religious freedom, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” Against the Constitutional background, Thomas Jefferson, a Founding Father, wrote a Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom. The Bill was passed in the Virginia General Assembly in 1777. However, Jefferson thought that it was not enough to have a Constitutional provision that debars Congress from establishing a religion for all; it was equally important to separate the Church from the state to allow Religious Freedom, so that each and every one will practice their religions freely without government restrictions. Thus, he opposed the interference of the state in religious practices. Secondly, Jefferson argued that if the state was allowed to interfere with the affairs of the church it will give the government the power to persecute those who oppose its policies. The man, whose ideas and ideals have been shaped by experience and practice,...
“The church needs to take back America!” is what many Christians say. The question is, should that really be what the church is focused on? According to John Stead in his chapter from the book Think Biblically! Recovering a Christian Worldview, that is not a proper purpose of the church.
After the end of the founding period, the blatant references to a deity was made as, “In God we trust,” was coined after the Civil War. The Pledge of Allegiance introduced, “Under God” in 1954 during the McCarthy hysteria. Brooke further says that the Treaty of Tripoli of 1797 is very clear that the US nation was not founded under the Christianity religion.
Overall, when looking at the American Revolution and the actors who played a role in its creation, it is plain to see that religion had an impact and influential stance in the founding of the nation. The heart of dissent was entrenched in the colonies before there was a revolution and the practices of religious tolerance, freedom, democracy, and liberty were found in several organizations and churches. It would only be time until the members of the several churches and organizations would bleed over their spiritual justifications into the realm of politics and nation building. The United States owes a lot of praise to the pilgrims and religious founders of this nation, for without their ideals and changes, this country might not be in existence today.