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“Becoming a modern society is about industrialization, urbanization, and rising levels of literacy, education, and wealth. ”― Samuel P. Huntington
Evolving as a nation comes with struggles, conflicts and the need to have an open mind when approaching and assessing various situations and options. Through evolution of a society comes the unsettling feeling of change, which many cannot embrace. With the term social modernization, social refers to a gathering or community of people and modernization is the movement from old to new but with reference to social science it is the process of urbanization and industrialization which in turn effects the lives of people. Urbanization is the development of urban areas due to a change in demand for employment and various other factors away from rural areas to cities and industrialization is the movement from a society focused on agriculture to one based on manufacturing, technology and economic benefits.
This essay will identify turning points in Ireland, which affected and influenced their social policy along with the social modernization and the period of change from recessions to booms to an uncertain economy.
Social services which includes; education, housing, health, income maintenance and personal social services is the epicentre and focal point of Social policy and it concentrates on the wellbeing of individuals and societies (Curry, 1980). Social policies are put in place by governments generally for the betterment of society and for those who are underprivileged. This is done by trying to emphasize a sense of equality in all spheres of life (Curry, 1980). It is important to look at the history of Ireland in order to understand their reasoning behind their social policies.
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...and at times had to go back to basics and build up from the bottom as seen in recent years. It has formed its own identity, fought internal battles and its economy is slowly improving. It has moved from a traditional society to a modern one where the focus is on imports, exports, industrialization and creating interest for international investors. It is a country, which was shaped around the basis of Catholicism and has now slowly emerged as a republic, guided by the government but in the hands of the people
As is evident there is a link between social policy and the economy (Considine, et Al, 2009), as many of the policies are based and formed around the current economic situation and vice versa, without a sense of economic sustainability and continued flow of income, certain policies cannot continue and a model for Irelands future success needs to be developed.
The Republic of Ireland is a beautiful country well known as the “Emerald Isle” because of its rolling green hills. Ireland is full of landforms and accumulates much rain which helps keep Ireland very lush. Since Ireland is an island the climate tends to stay cool because it is surrounded by water. Along its shoreline there are many breathtaking landmarks. Ireland has a very similar government to the United States with similar challenges.
Social policies are constructed to guide society. These policies are influenced by the collective morals and values of the people living in a society. Social policies in Canada are founded on the best interest of Canadians. Most importantly, social policies address issues by creating and implementing the appropriate solutions. Politicians have the prime role in creating policies and ensuring that these policies provide an answer to key issues in society. However, along the way these policymakers face many challenges and difficulties in forming and implementing the appropriate social policies.
Ireland has a very conflicted history. Just when that history may seem to take a turn for the better, it seems that there is always another event to keep the trend of depression ongoing. The separation of the Protestant and Catholic Church would be the center of these events. However, the two different groups could potentially work together for the betterment of the nation. Through an analysis of why Protestants and Catholics split in the first place, disadvantages that Catholics would face in the coming years and also how these disadvantages were lifted, an argument will be developed in that there is perhaps the chance that they may end up working together in the future for the betterment of Ireland. Although these two groups would fight over the countless decades, they need to join into one entity if they wish to see a better future for Ireland.
INTRODUCTION The history of Ireland "that most distressful nation" is full of drama and tragedy, but one of the most interesting stories is about what happened to the Irish during the mid-nineteenth century and how millions of Irish came to live in America (Purcell 31). Although the high point of the story was the years of the devastating potato famine from 1845 to 1848, historians have pointed out that immigrating from Ireland was becoming more popular before the famine and continued until the turn of the twentieth century. In the one hundred years between the first recording of immigrants in
Gallagher 2009 cited in Share, P & Lawlor, K. (eds) Applied Social Care An Introduction for students in Ireland (2nd ed) Dublin: Gill & Macmillan (2009).
Modernity. A major sociological concept that explains social change would be modernity. Modernity explains the changes in social patterns that result in a nation industrializing (Macionis, Jansson, & Benoit, 2009). Since the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan, the Afghan people have been struggling to make social improvements to their living conditions (Kowaluk & Staples, 2008). The current Afghan government held by Hamid Karzai has been generally unpopular because the changes to living conditions have been very slow (Kow...
The “New Ireland” emerged in the 1990s’ when the country experienced an economic-cultural boom in which it was transformed from one of Europe's poorer countries into one of its wealthiest.
‘Social Planning’, is a model of development which can be described as, ‘Doing For’, the community. If it is perceived by government bodies that a community has sunk so low that is unable to be resolved by using alternative methods, (some of which will be discussed later in this essay), the government will intervene with methods deemed necessary.
Jansson defines social policies as “collective strategies to prevent and address social problems.” They are “collective” because they are binding on those populations, communities, companies, and jurisdictions to which they apply (Jansson, 2016, p. 22). For example, the United States government have created policies to address the needs of a variety of social issues such as food and nutrition, assistance for needy families, housing assistance, health, unemployment benefits, equal opportunity, anti-discrimination laws, child welfare, and mental illness (Marx, n.d.). These social policies help promote the disadvantage, advance social change, ensure social protection from discrimination, and improve well-being of vulnerable individuals, families and children. Jansson (2016) noted “the policies are vertically distributed at the federal, state, and local government; community; and agency or organizational levels” (Jansson, 2016, p. 24).
Since the turn of the millennium Ireland witnessed unprecedented growth, in stark contrast to the economic hardship of the 1900’s. Ireland became one of the most prosperous countries in Europe during the 2000’s. Times were good for Ireland as unemployment was low, growth and GDP was growing year on year and inflation was constant. In 2008, all this was to change and Ireland witnessed the worst recession in its history. The banking crisis, the construction sector and poor regulation were the major contributors in the Irish recession. A fiscal crisis erupted, NAMA (National Assets Management Agency) was established to secure bad loans in banks, and a EU/IMF bailout was agreed which burdened Irish taxpayers. I will explore the causes and consequences of the crisis in this essay.
Redmond, D. (2001) Policy Review Social Housing in Ireland: Under New Management, Britain: Oxfordshire’, 1(2)
During the twentieth century, Ireland was suffering through a time of economic hardship. “Economic growth was stagnant, unemployment was at a historic high and exceeded anywhere in the EU, except possibly Spain, and the state was one of the most indebted in the world” . Irish men and women who had received a formal education had immigrated to other nations due to the unavailability of jobs at home. This left Ireland in a state of further economic downfall, and the lack of skilled workers left Ireland stuck. The 1990’s were a turning point for Ireland. A rise in industry within the nation, as well as an increase in exports, led Ireland to become the “shining nation” in Europe. It became internationally linked with one of the biggest power nations, the United States, and international trade became Ireland’s new source for a booming economy. This brought the rise of what was known as the Celtic Tiger in Ireland.
To undertake a full thematic investigation of this period would be very much beyond the scope of this paper. Thus, the essay will embark on a high level chronological interpretation of some of the defining events and protagonists, which influenced the early modernization of Ireland during the period 1534-1750. The main focus of the paper will concentrating on the impact and supervision of the Tudor dynasty. Firstly, the essay will endeavour to gain an understanding as to what contemporary historians accept as being the concept of modernization during this time period. The paper will then continue by examine the incumbent societal and political structure of Ireland prior to the Tudor conquests. This will have the impact of highlight the modernising effects produced by the subsequent attempts by the Tudors to consolidate and centralise power in the hands of the State. Once more, due to the vast nature of the time period, not every modernizing effect can be examined. Therefore, the paper will concentrate on the modernization of the political landscape, land ownership and the impact this had on the geographic construct of the island.
The Catholic Church had a great influence on Social policy in Ireland which began in the 19th Century. They worked from two broad headings; the teaching influence and the practical influence.
Until the middle of the ninetieth century, no state income maintenance system existed in Ireland. However under Brehon Law, local rulers provided hospitaller facilities for the sick and homeless (Quin, 1999). There was a tradition instilled that supported age specific care for elderly people in Ireland. However the care of older people change...