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Effects of culture on business
Introduction on cultural differences in business
Effects of culture on business
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Expatriate Interview
1. Introduction
This article attempts to analyze the impacts on a Chinese expatriate Arthur Lu who had experienced a different culture in Thailand, and to critically criticize how the cultural differences influence individuals expatriating overseas in a broader dimension. Particularly, the article specifically demonstrates the culture shocks Lu learnt in Thailand as well as some aspects of how he adopted to the Thai culture. In addition, the section of reflection provides the author’s personal experience to cross-culture as well as analytical method links to some certain topics covered by the module. 2. A brief background of interviewee
The aged-25 Chinese male interviewee, Arthur Lu, till March 2015, had worked on
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Cultural shocks
According to Dutton’s (2011) implication, culture shock is a broadly tested model of expatriates react under a brand-new cultural condition. He pointed the birth of Oberg’s Four Stages Model explicitly illustrates the expatriates’ “honeymoon stage” to “adaptation stage”.
He described a scene he witnessed in his workplace. A debate was fairly caused by a Chinese customer touching a son’s head accompanying his Thai father. Likewise, as a Chinese, such a taboo is too unreasonable to Lu initially. In Chinese stand, this is an acceptable expression to show “love and devotion” to a juvenile. In a Thai context, this is a religious taboo. Because in the Thai Buddhism’s opinion, one person’s head is the most honorable part of the entire body, vice versa, feet represent dirt and
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“As a foreigner, tolerance and understanding to the local culture is a necessity to myself.” On the other hand, however, he had to learn to cooperate with his European counterparts who was efficiency-oriented. Eventually, he developed a “neutralism” or “code-switching” philosophy as a feasible solution. In simple words, he performs works in a “Thai” way when he counteract Thais, alternatively, a punctual and monochromic way for his western colleagues.
After Lu’s rational description of cultural differences, he avidly showed some initiatives to work out the historical relationship based on his knowledge. “Actually, many of Thai people’s ancestors were from China”. This may be an explanation that why he viewed the Confucianism is seen in many Thais’ life and the locals are relatively warm-hearted and tolerant to him and other Chinese. However, according to “the westernization in Thailand” he mentioned, today, it is a more far-reaching tendency in the younger generation who are less religion- and
I chose Cambodian Americans for my target culture because it was a place I knew very little about. My ignorance of that side of the world is laughable, to say the least. Cambodian American was a great choice because both the people and the culture are very captivating to me. While some Cambodian Americans have become very westernized, accepting most of America’s cultural norms, some hold strong to their Cambodian traditions and way of life. Through Geert Hofstede’s
Reading T. R. Reid's new book brought me back to that conversation. ''Confucius Lives Next Door'' is aptly named. Reid, a longtime reporter and Asia correspondent for The Washington Post, has nailed his copy of the Analects to the mast. Drawing on the experience of his own and his family's life in Tokyo and other east Asian points, he has written a paean to what he terms ''east Asia's social miracle -- how the Asians have built modern industrial societies characterized by the safest streets, the best schools and the most stable families in the world.'' Asians, he holds, have ''a sense of civility and harmony that you can feel,'' and they ''achieved their social miracle primarily by holding to a set of ethical values -- what they call Confucian values.''
Unsuccessful intercultural encounters can sometimes result in tremendous consequences like losing business deals, breaking relationships or even destroying blood ties. In fact, for those who have watched the documentary “Daughter from Danang”, the idea of the last consequence would emerge vividly and hauntingly. The documentary, directed by Gail Dolgin and Vicente Franco, tells the reunion between a daughter and her long-lost birth mother. The reunion, which is expected to be an exhilarating experience, unfortunately becomes a painful one with heartbreaking moments. The failure of this reunion can be attributed to a number of reasons, but the most visible one is perhaps the issue of cultural differences. through the lens of intercultural communication,
The subject of this paper is Liz, a 52-year old, 1.5 generation female immigrant from Hong Kong. What this means is that she immigrated to the United States when she was a child, around 7-years old (Feliciano Lec. 1/4/2016). As a child of a family that consists of five siblings and two parents that did not speak any English prior to immigrating, the focus of this paper will be on the legal processes that the family went through to become legal immigrants and the various factors that aided in her path towards assimilation.
A sudden change in one’s surroundings can result in culture shock. Culture shock refers to the anxiety and surprise a person feels when he or she is discontented with an unfamiliar setting. The majority of practices or customs are different from what a person is used to. One may experience withdrawal, homesickness, or a desire for old friends. For example, when a person goes to live in a different place with unfamiliar surroundings, they may experience culture shock. Sometimes it is the result of losing their identity. In the article “The Phases of Culture Shock”, Pamela J. Brink and Judith Saunders describe four phases of culture shock. They are: Honeymoon Phase, Disenchantment Phase, Beginning Resolution Phase, and Effective Function Phase. These phases denote some of the stages that exemplify culture shock. The four phases are illustrated in the articles “New Immigrants: Portraits in Passage” by Thomas Bentz, “Immigrant America: A Portrait” by Alejandro Portes and Ruben G. Rumbaut, “When I Was Puerto Rican” by Esmeralda Santiago, “Today’s Immigrants, Their Stories” by Thomas Kessner and Betty Boyd Caroli, and lastly, “The New Americans: Immigrant Life in Southern California” by Ulli Steltzer, and are about the experiences of some immigrants. This essay will examine the four phases of culture shock and classify the experiences of these immigrants by the different phases of culture shock identified.
Chung has been operating under what he feels are the established norms for his culture. Ted's relationship with the Taiwanese client exhibits the Chinese management principles of paternalism, particularism, and insecurity. The patron-client relationship is based in a sense of mutual obligation, where the client is expected to defer to Ted's expertise and Ted is expected to trade the account responsibly. (Moorhouse, 2005) Ted also used social networking to establish himself in the community which is expected in the Chinese culture. By attending events Ted increases his “visibility and prestige” which contributes to the face that is needed to be considered a trustworthy business partner in the Chinese community. (Moorhouse, 2005) Karen had trouble understanding these differences in culture which is the root of the problem in this case. As stated in the case study Ted was in his early forties were stable and responsible. Karen admitted that she didn’t really know the whole person (referring to Ted) but wrote it off to the fact that he was Asian and she was not. Karen would not be described as someone with much “Cultural Intelligence” defined by the text as “the ability to accurately interpret ambiguous cross-cultural situations” (Robert Kreitner, 2008) Figure 4-2 in the text defines the differences between Low and High-Context cultures with China being a very High-Context culture and North American countries being Low-Context. Below list the traits of each type culture:
*** Common sense is an important attribute to have wherever you are in the world. Much of what you need to know and remember while in Thailand or anywhere is common sense. For some reason though, common sense is one of the first things men forget when they come to Thailand. The words of wisdom in this chapter can be applied just anywhere in the world. While I am certain those reading (and writing) this book are well endowed with common sense, nevertheless, I suggest you read it anyway. If one of these items jogs your memory at a later date, it might very well save you time, money, or your life.
One of the first and most common problems most, if not all international students face when they first arrive in the UK for study is culture shock. culture shock is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary(2014) as the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone when they are suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes. When students first move to the UK they observe and experience several things for the first time and it tends to overwhelm them. New international students often find themselves feeling powerless and unimportant which often forces them into self-isolation(Bailey, 2005). The culture shock also tends to result in the students being unable to make friends in their new community because they are unsure of what is customary and regarded in good light (Bailey, 2005).
The book, “Confucius Lives Next Door, Reid draws on the encounter of the author own and his family’s life in Tokyo and other East Asian parts, he has written a praise to what he calls “east Asia’s social luck. It shows how the Asians have developed modern industrial communities described by the harmless streets and desirable schools with the most established families in the world. The author believe that Asians have a foundation of courtesies and customs which you can actually feel. He says that they have obtained their social miracle by firmly holding to a set of ethical foundations that they call Confucian values.
Studying code-switching can give us insights on how mixing languages are interrelated and under what conditions they converge or diverge. Although there may be some implications to code-switching or drawbacks because of the stereotypes it may perpetuate, code-switching does allow us to communicate our thoughts, emotions, and opinions to others. It doesn’t always need to occur between two people who speak different languages, as described in the case of O’Neal and Androutsopoulos, it can be used as an attempt to bridge cultural gaps, or express one’s feelings in a way you think others might best
Culture shock is a feeling of isolation, rejection, experienced when one culture is brought into sudden contact with another. Meeting a different way of living after moving to a new location, uncomfortable feeling of unfamiliar people, culture, etc. I’ve experienced a culture shock when I moved into United States from Russia. Everything felt so different here. At first, I was really quite, and didn 't talk to anyone. A lot of my time I spent watching “strange” people to try to adapt to my new country. People’s actions and views on life confused me a lot when I moved to the US. It was hard for me to find friends. The first thing I did was natural, I would look for people my kind, from Russia. That way I could communicate with them in Russian and find out more about the country I had just moved into. Then, I made a lot of American friends and that helped me to adapt faster. It took me a good three years to adapt to the country, people, different cultures, attitudes and a lot more. Having lived here for five years I 've gotten used to the country, and I really enjoy living here
A major challenge of doing business internationally is to adapt effectively to different culture. Such adaptation requires an understanding of cultural diversity, perceptions, stereotypes, and values (Hodgett &Luthans, 2005). Doing business overseas has its challenges as well as it rewards.
In the present day organisations are expanding their operations to different countries of the world. They therefore need people to work there “expatriates”. Once the international assignment is completed, the expatriates have got to go back home, the process of repatriation begins. Even though most expatriates and managers presuppose that the repatriation process will be easy seeing as the employee is just returning home, research has substantiated that this is a tricky process. There is indication that it could be more difficult to adjust to the home environment as opposed to adjusting to life in a foreign nation. Therefore, repatriation process ought to be considered keenly (Baruch et al 2002).
Everyone reacts differently to new environments.While some are excited others are upset to have to leave important people behind. Culture shock comes in many different forms and sizes, some may find it harder to adjust than others. The difficulties to adjusting don’t always show up right away (TeensHealth). Culture shock is experienced in many different ways some common feelings are; sadness, loneliness, anxiety, trouble concentrating, feeling left out, negative feelings towards the new culture and frustration (TeensHealth). These feelings are temporary, eventually people get used to their surroundings. Although, many have been planning on the change for a long time, many still experience the impact of culture shock (International Students and Culture Shock). A huge majority of the cultures norms are based on language.
The topic that I will be discussing is Thai culture. In this, it will include areas that influence this culture. First, I will give you the geographical information of the country of Thailand. The second area that I will look at will be language. Language is an extremely important part of culture and some say that one cannot be found without the other. After that I will inform you about customs, traditions and taboos in Thai culture. This is a very important part of culture and is what shows the differences between cultures. Then I briefly tell you about the government and some national symbols, such as the flag, the symbol, colors, anthem, dress, and national day. Next, I will explain about religion in Thailand. In most cultures there is religion, but in Thailand it is interwoven into its whole culture and it is hard to separate the two. One other thing that I will include in this paper is a link to a page with pictures from my trip to Thailand.