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My cultural practices essay
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Native american dissertation
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(Intro) The various groups of American Indian Tribes that Krakauer introduces in his novel, “Into The Wild”, display diverse lifestyles, beliefs, and methods of dealing with harsh conditions they've encountered on a daily basis that has been critical to their survival. Throughout his novel, Krakauer introduces various types of tribes such as, the Chippewa, Greek, Okinawan, Tlingit, Metis, Eskimos, and Dena'ina Tribes. (continued) (Chippewa) (Greek) (Okinawan) (Tlingit) The Tlingit Tribe is originated from the Pacific Northwest and lived throughout Southeastern Alaska, British Columbia and Yukon in Canada. The lifestyle the Tinglits lived all depended on where they were located. For example, the Tlingit community in Canada had its own reserve, …show more content…
The tlingit people today mostly speak english but their original language is a complicated language with many different sounds that is difficult to pronounce Another part of their lifestyle is their way of housing. They live in rectangular cedar-plank houses with bark roofs. They are large houses that hold up to 50 family members. Since the houses contain many people they will need plenty of food to survive. To hunt their food they would use canoes, harpoons, fishhooks, bows and arrows, snares and wooden rods. Another important concept is their religious beliefs. The Tlingit people strongly believed in a grandfather or “divisible -rich-man” named Kah-Shu-Goon-Yah. They believed that he controlled the sun, moon, stars, daylight and also that he created all living things. The Tlingit people were taught to respect everything alive or dead. If they were disrespectful, they would be punished. Lastly, they believed in death and the afterlife. The ones who were respectable people would go to heaven and who ever were delinquents would go to dog heaven which is a place of …show more content…
They have a population of 60,000 but only 25,000 to 30,000 are located in Alaska.The original language is the Inuktitut and it is spoken around Greenland, Canada, Alaska and Siberia. This language is used by many people and is commonly used in schools. Housing was an important part of their lifestyle; It was the major key to survival. They were mainly located along the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic oceans, Northern Rockies and Tundras. They were always traveling due to the seasons. During summer they would live in tents made of driftwood and poles covered with animal skin, and during the winter they would stay in igloos and used fur to warm themselves up. They had to adapt to harsh conditions, shelter, food and transportation regularly. For example, in the novel, it states, “ (Stefansson conveniently neglected to mention that many, many Indians and Eskimos have starved in the northern latitude, as well)” (Krakauer 181). If they wouldn't have adapted they would not have survived out in the wild alone. Since the weather was always different they had to be prepared. They needed different forms of transportation, such as Kayak and miaks for summer and dog sled or sometimes their very own feet for when winter came. They also needed tools such as spears, bows, arrows, clubs, stonetrapes and knives to hunt animals. Animals were a major part of their dietary. They would
Modern day Native American are widely known as stewards of the environment who fight for conservation and environmental issues. The position of the many Native American as environmentalists and conservationists is justified based on the perception that before European colonists arrived in the Americas, Native Americans had little to no effect on their environment as they lived in harmony with nature. This idea is challenged by Shepard Krech III in his work, The Ecological Indian. In The Ecological Indian, Krech argues that this image of the noble savage was an invented tradition that began in the early 1970’s, and that attempts to humanize Native Americans by attempting to portray them as they really were. Krech’s arguments are criticized by Darren J Ranco who in his response, claims that Krech fails to analyze the current state of Native American affairs, falls into the ‘trap’ of invented tradition, and accuses Krech of diminishing the power and influence of Native Americans in politics. This essay examines both arguments, but ultimately finds Krech to be more convincing as Krech’s
The novel “Indian Horse” by Richard Wagamese demonstrates the many conflicts that indigenous people encounter on a daily basis. This includes things such as, the dangers they face and how they feel the need to flee to nature, where they feel the most safe. Another major issue they face is being stripped of their culture, and forcibly made to believe their culture is wrong and they are less of a human for being brought up that way, it makes them feel unworthy. Finally, when one is being criticised for a hobby they enjoy due to their indigenous upbringing, they make himself lose interest and stop the hobby as it makes them different and provokes torment. People who are trying
Have you ever heard of the Powhatan tribe? If not, let me share a little fact about them. Powhatan means “waterfall” in the Virginia Algonquian language. The Powhatans didn't live in tepees. They lived in small roundhouses called wigwams, or in larger Iroquois-style longhouses.
The Toltec people were living in Teotihuacán; a city near present-day Mexico City that the Toltec were thought to have built. Teotihuacán fell in flames Before their forced departure of the city, the Toltec were the only race living there. Once they left, most went to their new home, and capital, Tula (also know as Tollan) but some went to Tlillan-Tlapallan.
Ordinarily, Native American tribes were separated by ethno-linguistic groups. The immense linguistic diversity was due to the isolation and disperses of the tribes all throughout the United States. The surviving languages were not numerous and they had the widest geographic distribution that was all over the country. A few became combined with roots of other tribe languages, which evolved new languages and dialects causing a great deal of miscellany and variety. Unfortunately, a large quantity of these languages became extinct with the European contact the...
The Inuits food plans are fish and hunted arctic animals. The main reason the Inuit are still in northern Canada, is because they are used to their lifestyle and the northern
Duane Champagne in Social Change and Cultural Continuity Among Native Nations explains that there has never been one definitive world view that comprises any one Native American culture, as there is no such thing as one “Native community” (2007:10). However, there are certain commonalities in the ways of seeing and experiencing the world that many Native communities and their religions seem to share.
Richard Nelson highly praises the Eskimo for their knowledge and adaptation. They are known to be living in the harshest environment, yet they brilliantly adjust their lifestyle to survive it. Nelson describes many events he has encountered during his time in Alaska to demonstrate how deeply the Eskimos are bonded with the nature. His main argument is simply stating their interaction with nature and an affinity with the non-human life. He wants to use the relationship between Koyukon Indians and the nature to show what we once had that was forgotten and ignored.
Though referred to most commonly as the Blackfeet or Blackfoot, many refer to themselves as the Nitsitapiksi (Ni-tsi-ta-pi-ksi), the “Real People,” a term used by the Blackfoot to also refer to all First Peoples of the Americas (The Blackfoot Gallery Committee, 2013, 11). The term Niitsipoiyksi is used to refer to those who are “the speakers of the Real language,” that being Blackfoot, but it may also mean those who speak their Aboriginal language (The Blackfoot Gallery Committee, 2013, 11). The Blackfoot Peoples are made up of three distinct Nations the Kainai, the Piikuni and Siksika. Though this is how some Blackfoot literature refers to the Nations, it is still common to hear these Nations referred to as the Blood Nation for the Kainai, Peigan (Canada) or Blackfeet (United States) for the Piikuni, and Blackfoot or Northern Blackfoot for the Siksika (The Blackfoot Gallery C...
Eating wild rice, hunting and fishing can be the essential evens for Indians who are living on reservations. The culture itself represents the beauty of Indian’s life. Rez life could be violent, harsh when the economy goes down; when whites enter their life without asking. When they fight with whites over something that has to do with its own policy and rights. Life could be simple and happy, when everybody in the rez doing their own business and keep their own briefs. The history was rare, but real life is wild. Non-Indians who like us, don't know much about Rez life, but after reading this book, we all can find out the real meaning of the welcome sign!
Experience changes one’s outlook on the world. Growing up on an Indian Reservation is a tough thing to do. Everyone is poor, and almost every adult is drunk and unhappy. Junior’s father suffers from alcoholism.
At first, this tribe moved from the Great Lakes region to the North Dakota area. This happened in the 1600-1700s. Also at this time, the Cheyenne were a sedentary tribe who relied on agriculture and pottery. Though, in the 1800s, they decided to abandon this lifestyle and become nomadic and move to South Dakota (Black Hills), Wyoming, and Colorado areas. No matter where the Cheyenne lived, they always kept their natural language, which was part of the Algonquin language family (Lewis). The Cheyenne tribe, like other tribes, had their own lifestyle, beliefs, and customs and also had conflicts with the whites. Even today, the Cheyenne Indians exist and are living well.
The Inuit people of Nunavik had a very distinct culture before the Europeans arrived. The modes of transportation consisted of dog sleds, and kayaks made of skin and bone. Because of the cold climate, they ate animals from the ocean and rivers such as Beluga Whales, seals, and fish. In the summer, they found berries to eat. There are no trees in the arctic, so they used other resources to build shelter. They lived mostly in igloos, made of ice blocks and sealed by pouring water over them and letting it freeze. They also built sheds and other buildings out of whale bones and various animal...
However, despite the fact that decade’s worth of progress in rights and attitudes towards the Sáami have occurred, today’s youth still feel pressure to assimilate and face torment from others. Recently it has been observed as with Alaska Native youth that Sámi young has been committing suicide at alarming rates. In regards to this trend the head of the Sáami’s youth council, Paulus Kuoljok, said, “We Sámi often face stereotypes and have to defend ourselves all the time,” he added that, “There are few employees at my own work place Sáami background. I often hear things like ‘damn Lapp’ and that we Sámi have things so good because we can fish and hunt where we want to and we always get welfare payments” much like the whites confer on natives in America.
Inuits, Haida, and the Iroquois, all had similarities, such as where they lived, art, ordinarly their food. The three groups all lived in Canada. The Inuits lived in the Northern part of Canada. As the Haida lived in the West Coast of British Columbia. Lastly the Iroquois lived in many places such as Southern and Southwest Ontario, Southern Quebec, and Maritime Provinces. This is only one of the similarities the three groups share. The three groups also all had a handmade craft(s) or art piece(s). The Inuits main art pieces were carvings made of stone, bone, and ivory. The Haida also had carvings, but they were made up of Cedar Trees. Lastly the Iroquois main art source was to make clay and clothing. The Inuits, Haida, and Iroquois all ate the same food. The Inuits mostly ate meat. The Haida and Iroquois mostly ate fish. For the Haida salmon was well stocked. For the Iroquois ate fruits (berries) too. Moreover