The submarine has seen many incarnations in the last few centuries. Its technology has seen enormous innovation and been hugely groundbreaking since its conception in the Renaissance era. While first developed as a simple method of underwater exploration it was transformed over time into one of the most powerful warfare weapons ever. The concept of submarine technology had humble beginnings with simple diving bells being used but in the coming centuries we would see the development of an array of different submarines from basic wood crafts to today’s nuclear fleets.
The diving bell could be considered one of the most primitive types of technology in the vein of the submarine. The diving bell was an enclosed structure which retained air when submerged underwater enabling people to enter it and submerge themselves also. One of the earliest accounts of this technology was described by Aristotle in the 4th century BC. Of the diving bell he wrote: “they enable the divers to respire equally well by letting down a cauldron, for this does not fill with water, but retains the air, for it is forced straight down into the water."<1> While the idea of the diving bell was conceived over two-thousand years ago it was not until the Renaissance era that more sophisticated plans for underwater vessels began to develop. Throughout the era many physicists and inventors such as Guido da Vigevano and Roberto Valturio drafted plans for underwater technology. These plans however never materialised.
It wasn’t until 1578 that any detailed plans were made to produce a vehicle capable of being navigated underwater. Englishman William Bourne designed a prototype for what we would now call a submarine and published the designs in his book Inventions Or Devi...
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...ar powered engines. However, there continues to be constant innovations in the speed and endurance of today’s crafts. For example Russia’s Typhoon-class submarines are the largest ever at 175 metres in length and can remain submerged for three months.<22> The military interest the submarine received since the late 19th century has rapidly innovated the invention to its modern form. Nowadays smaller modern submarines are also used for civil purposes. For example many scientists would use small two or three man crafts when going on diving explorations. Submarines are now even used for entertainment purposes by holiday resorts and other such companies to bring tourists on underwater excursions. Submarine technology is now accessible to us all in various ways but it also continues to be innovated with new improvements in the power of these vessels being made every year.
The Collins Class is a class of six Australian-built diesel-electric submarines operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The Collins Class Submarines are designed for long-range maritime patrol and response, maritime strike and support. The Defence Corporate Plan 1996-2000 states that introduction of the Collins Class Submarine into service is a key strategy in achieving Defence’s foremost objective of making the Australian Defence Force (ADF) capable of defeating any attack, which could credibly be mounted against Australia.
In the American Revolutionary War, a manned underwater craft named the American Turtle (or the "water-machine") was used against the British Navy. David Brushnell designed this ingenious machine in 1771. The submarine was a one manned, egg-shaped vessel which was propelled by hand-operated screw-like devices. It was bottom-heavy in order for it to remain upright. The operator would plant a submersible mine that could be triggered by a simple clockwork mechanism. He could paddle away after he attached the magazine of gunpowder onto the enemy ship. The operator could stay under for about thirty minutes
Archaeology is a continuously evolving field where there is a constant stream of new branches and excavation methods. Due to the influx of new technologies and innovations in recent decades, archaeologists have been able to excavate previously inaccessible areas. For example, new diving equipment and tools such as proton magnetometers, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and miniature submarines have allowed archaeologists to dive into the deep depths of the ocean. As a result, the branch of underwater archaeology was created to search for shipwrecks and other artifacts on the ocean floor. Underwater archaeology’s role has increased in recent years as it allows archaeologists to more accurately interpret the past by supplementing information gained through traditional land excavations.
World War Warfare was one of the greatest examples of technological advancement and strategic challenge, with the introduction of inventions such as the aircraft and the tank the battlefield transformed from attrition as scene in the early years of the war to decisive by the end of the war.
Entering the 1950s, no corporation even came close to General Motors in its size, or it's profits. GM was twice as big as the second biggest company in the world, Standard Oil of New Jersey (father of today's Exxon Mobil), and had a vast diversity of businesses ranging from home appliances to providing insurance and building Buicks, Cadillacs, Chevys, GMCs, Oldsmobiles, Pontiacs and trains. It was so big that it made more than half the cars sold in the United States and the U.S. Department of Justice's antitrust division was threatening to break it up(to prevent Monopolies, Like how Standard oil was broken up). In the 21st century, it's almost hard to imagine how powerful GM was in the 50s and 60s. Sports cars from Europe were getting popular, because of servicemen coming back from WWII, and wanted sports cars, but American Automakers didn't make sports cars, so they would either buy foreign, or go without. A man named McLean would still try to make a low priced sports car. But it didn't work. The idea of a car coming from GM that could compete with Jaguar, MG or Triumph was pretty much considered stupid and insane. C1:Generation: Bad but valuable. Just 300 Corvettes were made in 1953. Each of these first-year Corvettes was a white roadster with red interior. The Corvette was made of fiberglass for light weight, but the first cars were made with a really weak, (and kind of pathetic for a “sports car”) 150 horsepower 6-cylinder engine and an automatic transmission. The result was more of a look at me, I’m rich car than a race car. The first generation of the Corvette was introduced late in 1953. It was originally designed as a show car for GM's traveling car show, Motorama, the Corvette was a Show Car for the 1953 Motorama display...
Whether fortunately or unfortunately, the limits of innovation are often put to the test. In the case of a submarine launched to sea in 1938, the USS Squalus, bad luck proved disastrous. Within minutes of a test dive, twenty-six men drowned. Years later, Peter Maas compiled the known information about the tragedy into The Terrible Hours: The Greatest Submarine Rescue in History. Over the heartbreaking journey of hopelessness to hope, crisis to survival, and depths to ascension, Maas weaves the sad tale depicting the unknown dangers that technology possesses.
The steam engine was an innovative new way to produce power. In 1698 British inventor and engineer Thomas Savery obtained the first patent on the steam engine. In 1769 James Watt patented an improved version of the steam engine. In 1782 James Watt developed the double-acting steam engine. The double-acting steam engine doubled the steam engine’s output. The double-acting steam engine was quickly adopted by the people working on the first steamboat. The creation of the steam engine allowed the extraordinary idea of a steamboat to become rea...
...ne buoys, destroying periscopes with machine guns, smudging skyline, airplane detection, increased power for torpedoes, oleum cloud shell, the increase of a ships maneuverability, sailing lights for convoys, cartridges for taking sounding, and observing periscopes in silhouette were made possible by Thomas Alva Edison.
Thomas Andrews was the designer of the Titanic and its sister ships. His original designs of the ships was to have a double hull ship, 46 lifeboats and have the watertight bulkheads go all the way up to B deck. While he was on the ship inspecting it, he had written down notes to improve the ship. His designs were either vetoed or removed in the ship building process. One reason on why his original design were vetoed or removed because of money. If Andrews’s designs were not vetoed or removed, the Titanic would probably have been able to withstand the crash with iceberg and there would not be a design error. Since they had not followed the original design the ship was not a double hull ship, only had 20 life boats that did not suffice the amount of people on the ship and all the watertight bulkheads did not go all the way up to B deck. When the Titanic had hit the iceberg, water immediately started to flood the ship and would slowly pass the water line that was made after the original design. Once the water passed those water lines and started to fill into the other compartments the ship only had a few hours left to stay afloat. The water filled into the other water compartments like falling dominos and would continue until the ship was filled with water and break into two pieces. If the ship was, double hulled and the water line went all the way to B deck; the ship would either kept going or be able to stay
First of all, Jacques Cousteau invented many marine machines that helped people learn about the sea. According to the text Cousteau invented the aqualung which allowed the user to stay underwater for longer periods of time.(Paragraph four) He also created an underwater camera which took photos and videos of marine life.(Paragraph five) He used this camera to film his first two documentaries about the sea. This helped people learn by helping them get a closer look at the sea and
were not proposed until modern times. One such concept was recreated and advanced in 1859 by an Irish engineer, Robert
Transportation became a huge contributor to the industries of the 1800’s and 1900’s. “Steam boat experiments as early as 1780s both in England and America, but the need was greater in America.’ The steamboat uses a water and and a boiler that is powered by a fuel, which can be wood, coal, or other combustible entity. “The first successful steamboat may have been built by French engineer and inventor Claude-François-Dorothée, in 1783.” As years went by, engineers such as John Fitch and Robert Fulton began building and deploying steamships, with American inventor Fitch in the Mississippi, and English engineer Fulton on the Hudson River of New York. With the steamboat being the first mechanically powered vessel known to humans, it provided a faster new forme of transportation for traders in Americas and Europe. The steam-powered boats could travel at the astonishing speed of up to five miles per hour.
In ancient marine times people built boats out of bamboo, bundles of reeds, air filled animal skins and more. One of the first boats was made out of sticks and put together with sewn hides. Also at the time then didn’t have oars invented yet so people would use their hands to make the boat move. And to move the rafts they would push poles against the bottom of the rivers or lakes. Then they came out with sails which would replace the action of the humans and sail boats could take on longer trips and heavier loads rather than just the boats make out of sticks. Then they came out with the Viking long ships, those would be about 30 meters long made out of overlapping planks of oak wood, held together by iron rivets. Each ship would carry about 60 oarsmen who rowed the ship. Next they came out with the Chinese junks which were constructed out of softwood and had a horse shaped stern. And their sails weren’t like most, instead of squares they were more built pointed on the top and squared at the bottom. Then they had the three and four masted sailing ships which were in service for several centuries and these wooden ships were used for battling. Then we came out with the clipper ships which were fast sailing ships with long slim hulls and tall masts. Next they came out with the steamships so instead of sails and oars to power it, it was combined with wind and wind power. Then they had the ocean going liners which were driven by a propeller and made of iron. And they came out with the steam driven boats which had paddles on the side of them. Next the sailing ships were converted to diesel power so that they would use oil instead of steam. ...
Cell phones have immensely changed the way people communicate today. A cell phone can be all a person need for interaction. From a cell phone, a person can make calls, send text messages, emails, and send and also receive directions, buy things online, do online banking, listen to music and much more. Since someone can do everything with one device, there is no longer a need to go around with multiple devices about. Greek hydraulic semaphore systems were used as early as the 4th century. The hydraulic semaphores, which functioned with water filled containers and visual signals, functioned as optical telegraphs. However, they could only apply a very limited range of pre-determined messages, and as with all such visual telegraphs could only be deployed during good visibility conditions. Experiments on communication using electricity was carried out in 1729 but was not successful. The experiment was proposed by William Fothergill Cooke. In 1837, William invented a practical electric telegraph which entered commercial use in 1838 (J. B. Calvert, May 2004). The first telephone was invented in 1878 by Alexander Graham Bell. He experimented with a ‘phonautograph’, it is a machine shaped like a pen that can draw shapes of sound waves on smoked glass by tracing vibrations.
Nowadays, engineering has been reduced to something less than simple. It’s still a hard and long process, but it has been made a lot more efficient. Smaller and smaller innovations and inventions are being made. Small, paper thin, portable microscopes, water wheels, and devices that can display yo...