Innovation of the Submarine

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The submarine has seen many incarnations in the last few centuries. Its technology has seen enormous innovation and been hugely groundbreaking since its conception in the Renaissance era. While first developed as a simple method of underwater exploration it was transformed over time into one of the most powerful warfare weapons ever. The concept of submarine technology had humble beginnings with simple diving bells being used but in the coming centuries we would see the development of an array of different submarines from basic wood crafts to today’s nuclear fleets.

The diving bell could be considered one of the most primitive types of technology in the vein of the submarine. The diving bell was an enclosed structure which retained air when submerged underwater enabling people to enter it and submerge themselves also. One of the earliest accounts of this technology was described by Aristotle in the 4th century BC. Of the diving bell he wrote: “they enable the divers to respire equally well by letting down a cauldron, for this does not fill with water, but retains the air, for it is forced straight down into the water."<1> While the idea of the diving bell was conceived over two-thousand years ago it was not until the Renaissance era that more sophisticated plans for underwater vessels began to develop. Throughout the era many physicists and inventors such as Guido da Vigevano and Roberto Valturio drafted plans for underwater technology. These plans however never materialised.

It wasn’t until 1578 that any detailed plans were made to produce a vehicle capable of being navigated underwater. Englishman William Bourne designed a prototype for what we would now call a submarine and published the designs in his book Inventions Or Devi...

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...ar powered engines. However, there continues to be constant innovations in the speed and endurance of today’s crafts. For example Russia’s Typhoon-class submarines are the largest ever at 175 metres in length and can remain submerged for three months.<22> The military interest the submarine received since the late 19th century has rapidly innovated the invention to its modern form. Nowadays smaller modern submarines are also used for civil purposes. For example many scientists would use small two or three man crafts when going on diving explorations. Submarines are now even used for entertainment purposes by holiday resorts and other such companies to bring tourists on underwater excursions. Submarine technology is now accessible to us all in various ways but it also continues to be innovated with new improvements in the power of these vessels being made every year.

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