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Gender and roles of women in literature
Gender and roles of women in literature
Gender and roles of women in literature
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According to Jonathan Culler, “the fundamental identity of characters emerges as the result of actions, of struggles with the world, but then this identity is posited as the basis, even the cause of those actions” (111). The same cause is mirrored in the works of Meena Kandasamy (b. 1984) who belongs to that category which has the past tendency to get subjugated and suppressed the most – Dalit and Female. Kandasamy regards her writing as a process of coming to terms with her identity: her “womanness, Tamilness and low/outcasteness” that she wears with pride (Sarangi, par. 1). Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak suggests, “I construct my definition as a woman not in terms of a woman’s putative essence but in terms of words currently in use. ‘Man’ is such a word in common usage. Not a word, but the word” (Lodge and Wood 495). And one can note surprisingly that Meena Kandasamy changed her given, official and a very poetic Tamil name, Ilavenil to her pet name Meena. The titles of her both volumes imply perception of social deprivation that accumulates in history as cycles of violence and coils of collective guilt. Her book of poems Touch was published in 2006. It is a collection of ardent poems dealing with oppressor-oppressed twofold conflict. Her second collection Ms Militancy was published in 2010. Kandasamy’s poems are well-versed by a wisdom of gender relations that suggest being a female in a largely patriarchal culture is another form of being a part of minor social group. “You don’t have to be a Dalit—by being a woman the caste is in you,” she says (Stancati, n. pag.). Kandasamy realizes that a politically alert poet has to be transparent to herself so as to be a dependable voice of dissent and resistance. In the title poem of her... ... middle of paper ... ...evelopment. 29 Nov. 2010. Web. 02 Apr. 2013. Rajagopalan, Kavya. “An Interview with Kavya Rajagopalan”. thamarai.com, 2011. Web. 05 Sept.2013. Sarangi, Jaydeep. “Kandasamy Touch.” mascarareview.com. 2007. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. Stancati, Margherita. “A Female Dalit Poet Fights Back in Verse.” blogs.wsj.com. 2011. Web.02Jan.2013. Subramaniam, Arundhathi. “Meena Kandasamy.” poetryinternationalweb.net. n.d. Web. 11 Sept.2013. Woolf, Virginia. A Room of one’s Own. Mariner Books; 1st Harvest/HBJ Edition: 1989 edition. Print.
Woolf, Virginia. A. A Room of One's Own.
Woolf, Virginia. "Chapter Two." A Room of One's Own. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Adelaide University. Adelaide University Australia, 9 Feb. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. .
Woolf, Virginia. "The Mark on the Wall." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Gen. ed. Stephen Greenblatt. 9th ed. Vol. 2. New York: Norton, 2012. 2143-49. Print.
Rachman, Shalom. “Clarissa’s Attic: Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway Reconsidered.” Twentieth Century Literature Vol 18 Issue 1 (1972): 3-18
Woolf, Virginia. "A Room of One's Own." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams et al. 7th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2000. 2153-2214.
New discoveries and exciting breakthroughs are all made at the expense of contradicting old rules and ideas. In order for Earth to be round, it could no longer be flat. Revolutions in literature, science, and countries are always filled with conflicts and contradictions to traditional conventions. In this sense, Virgina Woolf's essay A Room of One's Own can be called a revolution. Woolf breaks nearly all the rules of essay writing in her argumentative essay. She addresses the reader in the first person, tells the reader that she is lying, focuses on unnecessary details, and even contradicts herself from time to time. Why does Woolf, a competent writer, decide to write this way? Perhaps, her unorthodox style supports her perception on the difficulties that exists in women becoming serious writers. Her writing style constructs a relationship between her essay and women writers; it shows the reader that for women to become a writer without a "a room of one's own" is just as unconventional as her writing style. With both her words and her unique writing style, Woolf presents her view on women's writing.
Indian English women poetry chronicles the historical and cultural gradations of women’s experiences through time and space and across various discursive spectrums. Over the years, it has evolved into a rich corpus that has increasingly intervened in social debates. In the process of negotiating with the dominant patriarchal discourses on gender, class, religion and literary aesthetics, women poetry displays a divergent movement from domestic to public, taboo to articulation, ideology to identity and national to global. Hence, while responding to the numerous social and political aspects of the system, women’s sensibilities and orientation has undergone a paradigmatic shift. This in turn has lead to a change in the definitional constructs of ‘new
a wide, universal feminism, Woolf’s own intention in writing A Room of One’s Own may
Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. eBooks@Adelaide. 4 Mar. 2014. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.
From Lal Ded to Habba Khatoon, we see a shift from Sufi poetry to the romantic poetry. It is not that Habba Khatoon is just challenging “the expectations” of those who would appreciate the Sufi poetry of Lal Ded instead of any romantic poetry but she is also here to “extent the horizon” of their expectations (qtd. in Chanda ii-iv) . The aim of this paper is to explore the voices of these three women poets against the patriarchy. For this, the paper shall closely observe a few of their works and see, how their ideology of self-determination sets them apart not only from the women of their times, but also many women of contemporary times. Sisir Kumar Das argues that “there can be changes caused by cultural borrowings or foreign influences, which can be identified as external changes” (44). The changes caused by Habba’s “use of a particular Persian metre” in her poetry that was suggested to her by Sayed Mubarak are external and not internal (Mujeeb 167). Syed Mubarak, himself a poet, has persuaded Habba Khatoon for singing. Her “love of music... offended the susceptibilities” of those who thought music to be frivolous as “the Muslim sharia ‘ah condemns frivolity” (Mujeeb
Temple, Ruth. “Never Say `I’: To the Lighthouse as Vision and Confession.” Virginia Woolf: A Collection of Critical Essays. Claire Sprague, ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971. 90-100.
Mahasweta Devi, always writes for deprived section of people. She is a loving daughter, a clerk, a lecturer, a journalist, an editor, a novelist, a dramatist and above all an ardent social activist. Her stories bring to the surface not only the misery of the completely ignored tribal people, but also articulate the oppression of w...
The opening of the poem the woman is explaining why painting her nails red is sophisticated “Because a bit of colour is a public service”(1). In line two Satyamurti calls attention to the role of women in the society and in the family- that while they are not being paid for work they do everyday of their lives, it should not be neglected. She acknowledges by “Because I am proud of my hands”, she is explaining that women ar...
For rendering colour and life to her expressions, Kamala Das chooses words and the language which has a uniqueness of their own. Though, for a first time reader, she may turn out to be more explicit and going little overboard in her treatment of sexual love, a careful and minute study of her works will leave her readers smitten with her charisma. When her autobiography was published in a serialised form in the newspapers, it took the prudish Kerala society by storm and created a lot of furore in the middle class social circles of the time. She was pressurised by the people around her including her father, then the Managing Director of Malayalam daily Mathrubhumi into stalling her publication but our writer was too courageous to be intimidated by these antics. She has a free and indomitable spirit which is truly bent upon asserting her own freedom and creating a considerable and substantial niche among contemporary Indo-Anglian writers.
Historically women have been suppressed in past literature. In the ethnical area they have represented “adjured” burdened, indented and silenced. Now in the recent days, women started to grab spaces for themselves. In India with the battle from colonialism one more soundless battle carried on at the same time that followed by women to impart themselves equality with men. This was obvious as well in the literary domain. As of the present paper we would describe the women's rightist means of depicting women in Anita Desai’s two most common and widely known novels- CRY, In this report, our main interest is to study on how in post colonial period women English writers of India have been addressed