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The History of Art Essay
The History of Art Essay
Art history chapter 2
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Although at first glance, Realism and Impressionism appear to be completely separate movements in 19th century art, they in fact were both bred as a response to the new order of Europe that had evolved as a result of the marks made by both the Industrial Revolution and a series of European continental wars. Realist painters and Impressionist painters alike faced controversy in challenging the status quo of the Salons, and took risks to no longer romanticize drastic changes within society caused by industrialization, but instead acknowledge them head-on. Edouard Manet in particular exemplified the gradual transitions from Realism to Impressionism and even to Post-Impressionism. His then-radical methods of integrating of scientific observation, new roles of women, and political turmoil into his paintings earned him both the vilification of an older generation and the admiration and veneration of a newer one. Through his innovation of existing painting techniques and his encouragement of later revolutionary painters, Manet helped transform the canvas of the European art world in the mid 1800s.
Edouard Manet considered himself a realist and disliked associating his name with the impressionist movement, which is why it may be ironic that today, Manet is considered one of the forefathers of the Age of Impressionism. Just as Manet came onto the world stage of art in the mid 1800s, a revolution was beginning of which he was to become a part.
The Realist movement, which evolved from the stark sacrifices made during industrialization, sought to show the harsh conditions of workers, basing their philosophies on the new “positivist” ideas pushed by Auguste Comte and other French philosophers. “All real knowledge rests on facts,” said Comte,...
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...an their revolutionary artistic spirits. Both were devout socialists,
Pissarro eventually became recognized as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism, along with Georges Seurat and Paul Signac. Post-Impressionism continued in the same vein as Impressionism, applying the application of color on canvas now with strict and rigorous rules as opposed to simple “improvisation” (Schneider 109). Pissarro, for instance, utilized petits points, or pointillism, to create the distinct visual style in his paintings.
Edouard Manet signaled a new age in European painting, with his distinctive, bold style both in subject matter and technique. His revolutionary compositions of the female figure and politically charged scenes were integral to the transition from the Realist movement to the Impressionist movement in terms of both painting technique and method of approaching art.
During Vincent Van Gogh’s childhood years, and even before he was born, impressionism was the most common form of art. Impressionism was a very limiting type of art, with certain colors and scenes one must paint with. A few artists had grown tired of impressionism, however, and wanted to create their own genre of art. These artists, including Paul Gaugin, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Paul Cezanne, hoped to better express themselves by painting ...
Georges-Pierre Seurat was a French Post-Impressionist painter, as well as a fine draftsman. He was born and raised in a wealthy family in Paris on December 2, 1859. He lived a short life of thirty-one year of age, and in his time, Seurat not only invented his style of pointillism, but he also became the first Neo-Impressionist. In pointillism, Seurat used miniscule dots of various colors on a base color to produce the local color. This creates an optical mixture from afar for the viewer and makes the image livelier. As the first Neo-Impressionist, he systematically painted his works instead of the rough brushworks of the earlier Impressionists (Chu 410-411, Gage 452, Georges). Since Seurat first started to dig deep into the arts when he was merely sixteen, he really changed the modern art world within 15 years; barely half of his life! Seurat truly worked hard to get the reputation he has today and his works are unquestionably phenomenal through his techniques he used.
Impressionism is another important one that was actually not just in music. It was a trait that could be found in pieces of art as well. Impressionist artists could be considered realists. They would see and understand the art in a world of reality. The works of these artists and composers takes imagination to grasp. They are works that are said to have no boundaries. The work of impressionism started with the French in the late 19th century. An example of an impressionist composer would be Debussy. His works are very hard to follow and have quite sounds.
Impressionist paintings can be considered documents of Paris capital of modernity to a great extent. This can be seen in their subjects, style of painting, and juxtaposition of the transitive and the eternal.
During the period of time, starting from the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s, realism in arts rose. It was a movement against the previous movement of Romanticism, which was glorifying the world and presenting it in an unreal way. Things that were painted were often unrealistic and were drawn out of the artist’s imagination. Artists felt that artworks should have a social consciousness and they also wanted to break away from the previous styles of art. Realism was the style of art that focused on the reality and the original, but not that pleasing side of the object or idea. It was also a way of revealing the truth of the ordinary lives in the country. Artists felt the need to express arts through daily lives and society, instead of symbolic representations. They were able to express art through daily lives by painting workers, farmers, common man, they expressed society by painting what they had actually seen, and focusing on the emotions expressed by ordinary people.
I will discuss Post Impressionism by using three works, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Still Life with Basket of A...
The nineteenth century was an active age of economic, social and political revolution. Momentous scientific advances began to be invented, such as iron and steel, the telegraph and telephone, and the steam engine. Due to these advances, Europe as a whole began to transition from a predominantly agrarian society to and industrial based one. The rise of factories called for countless workers and overall eventually led to worker’s rights becoming citizen rights. Industrialization and urbanization also put emphasis on class distinction. Conflicts between these different classes of society were often implied in works of art. This direct observation of society and nature became the basis of the Realism art movement. Instead of illuminating imagination
Realism was an artistic movement that began in France after the 1848 Revolution. Realism is a take on natural objects or people and making them look alive on a flat canvas. One popular artist during the Realism art movement was Edward Hopper. Hopper was an American realist painter that was known for his oil and watercolor paintings. Edward Hopper was born on July 22, 1882 in Upper Nyack, New York. He was a child of two and came from a comfortably well off family. Edward, along with his sister Marion, attended both private and public schools. They were both raised in a strict Baptist home. Edward Hopper was an outstanding student in grade school and he was loved by many of his teachers. Like his father, he took interest in American history and a love for French and Russian cultures. At the age of five,
Realism was the first nonconformist art movement, following the explosion of newspaper printing in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, Realism brought in a new conception of the artist. The realist movement also originated in France during the 1800's. The realists wanted to break away from the formal artistic styles and subjects of the past. Their works typically portrayed ordinary, or working class people as opposed to heroic, historic, biblical, or royal figures. They depicted scenes of traditional life, with rural landscapes and ordinary
Impressionism grew out of and followed immediately after the Barbizon school. A distinctive feature of the work of the Impressionists was the application of paint in touches of mostly pure colour rather than blended; their pictures appeared more luminous and colourful even than the work of Delacroix, from whom they had learned the technique. To the modern eye, the accepted paintings of the salon artists of the day seem pale and dull.
In this essay, I will contrast and compare the two art movements, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism. I will be concentrating on the works of the two leading artists of these styles Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh.
In the 1880’s the movement known as Impressionism was coming to an end. The eight and last Impressionist exhibition was held in Paris during 1886 (Time). Although Impressionism was coming to an end new forms of art arose to take its place. Some famous artists producing during this time include, Van Gogh, Georges Seurat, and Odilon Redon (Georges). Odilon Redon started his own movement known as Symbolism, which strives to give form to ideas and emotions (Odilon). Another painter responsible for creating a new style is Georges Seurat. Seurat was a French painter who popularized and developed his own style called pointillism.
The French Revolution, indeed, changed the structure of economics and social sphere of the old regime, and also the ideology of that time. In the years that followed the Revolution, the always increasing senses of both freedom and individuality were evident, not only in French society, but also in art. As stated by Dowd, “leaders of the French Revolution consciously employed all forms of art to mobilize public sentiment in favor of the New France and French nationalism.” In between all the artistic areas, the art of painting had a special emphasis. After the Revolution, the French art academies and also schools were now less hierarchical and there was, now, more freedom of engaging into new themes, not being the apprentices so tied up to their masters footsteps, not being so forced to follow them.
In conclusion, the art of the 19th century was composed of a sequence of competing artistic movements that sought to establish its superiority, ideologies and style within the artistic community of Europe. These movements, being Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, ultimately spread far beyond the confines of Europe and made modern art an international entity which can still be felt in today’s artistic world.
In order to explore new venues of creativity Modernists tinkered with the perception of reality. During the Renaissance, the depiction of a subject was very straight forward. A painting had to look like what it represented. The truth was absolute and right and wrong were clearly defined. For Modernists, the world is much more obscure. In Impressionist paintings, lines are not definite and things tend to blur together. Faces usually do not differentiate one person from another.