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Feminist study of William Shakespeare's play
The enlightenment and feminism
Essays on women's rights in the 19th century
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The Romantic era, with its emphasis on reflection and feeling, is often seen as the reaction against the Age of Enlightenment and the endless desire to attain knowledge that came with it. This change in notions allowed men to interact and connect to each other in a more controlled and organized manner, since feelings work on a more personal level rather than rational. The new atmosphere brimming with ideas about individuality and liberty seemed ideal for recognition of equal women rights. However, the Romantic mood was not actually fruitful for women. Protestors argued that better rights for women were a logical extension of the liberty statement. If individuality was considered to be true, then it must apply to women as well. Before any significant …show more content…
Unlike men, women’s education was subject to specific contents. For instances, women were taught to sew, paint, dance but not introduced to socially important field like history, philosophy, economics and others. The main focus on women education was on how to dress and behave and finally find a good husband rather than allowing them to think. They were encouraged to give more attention to their bodies rather than their minds. As a result of which, the body and behaviour became the main basis of which women were …show more content…
In other words we can say that if women didn't know ‘why’ to behave in certain situations, then their behaviour would be nothing but an artificial response and not something that was a result of virtue. Thus the new principles actually threatened marriage and argued that the development of women’s minds rather than just their bodies could make them more helpful mates in marriage. The bonding of minds can be really helpful in creating affection between two. Concepts like beauty and marriage were considered temporary reasons to achieve a strong foundation for a long lasting relationship. A marriage built of friendship can however prove to be beneficial for both home and country. The feminists tried to redefine terms on the basis of which the society valued and educated women. By putting more stress on women education, the Romantic feminist pointed out the main cause of women inequality and also its potential solution. As concepts like and modesty and obedience began to judge the moral standard of women, feminine sensibility asked the women to shows these qualities in their behaviour. But Wollstonecraft argued that without well developed education, virtue is one trait that undoubtedly out of question. So as long as women are well educated, their behaviour was nothing but an artful display of deception. Adding to it, women were taught to be cunning
She saves her best description for last, comparing soldiers' dim politeness to women's. She describes the current state of women's analysis ability as "a kind of instinctive glance, that catches proportions, and decides with respect to manners; but fails when arguments areto be pursued below the surface, or opinions analyzed" (Wollstonecraft 136). She's basically saying that women of the time were taught a superficial set of manners and ideals, without the logic reasoning to back them up. Because of this, she submits that women are raised to not question authority and that, like soldiers, both are "taught to please, and they only live to please" (136). Therefore, Wollstonecraft points to education as the main reason women aren't excelling and demanding better treatment.De La Cruz, on the other hand, fervently blames men and society's double standards for women's struggles, even challenging who should get blamed for adultery and prostitution. In her poem "Philosophical Satire," De La Cruz claims, "You foolish and unreasoning men/who cast all blame on women,/not seeing you yourselves are cause/of the same faults you accuse:"
"This is the very point I aim at. I do not wish [women] to have power over men; but over themselves" (Wollstonecraft 63). Wollstonecraft made this statement in response to Roseau dictating that if society "[Educated] women like men..." (Wollstonecraft 63), and women would resemble the male sex, and then carry less power over men. Instead of succumbing to men, Wollstonecraft stressed how education could elevate a women to reach equal statue in society. Following similar ideas to the Tao Te Ching and the Art of War, Wollstonecraft serves education as a tool of discipline to women who can use it to help elevate them in society. Wollstonecraft points out in her introduction that, "One cause to [the problem of women sacrificing their usefulness and strength to beauty attributes] to a false system of education..." (Wollstonecraft 6), and how a reformation and push for women to better educate themselves and look past what is currently there will help them reach higher status in society; therefore giving them their own independence. As Wollstonecraft dictates, "It follows then, I think, that from their infancy women should either be shut up like eastern princes, or educated in such a manner as to be able to think and act for themselves (Wollstonecraft
As mentioned above, women’s role were unjust to the roles and freedoms of the men, so an advanced education for women was a strongly debated subject at the beginning of the nineteenth century (McElligott 1). The thought of a higher chance of education for women was looked down upon, in the early decades of the nineteenth century (The American Pageant 327). It was established that a women’s role took part inside the household. “Training in needlecraft seemed more important than training in algebra” (327). Tending to a family and household chores brought out the opinion that education was not necessary for women (McElligott 1). Men were more physically and mentally intellectual than women so it was their duty to be the educated ones and the ones with the more important roles. Women were not allowed to go any further than grammar school in the early part of the 1800’s (Westward Expansion 1). If they wanted to further their education beyond grammar, it had to be done on their own time because women were said to be weak minded, academically challenged and could n...
She was looking to make women as equal as men were back then. “To render [make] mankind more virtuous, and happier of course, both sexes must act from the same principle;... women must be allowed to found their virtue on knowledge , which is scarcely possible unless they be educated by the same pursuits [studies] as men.” Mary Wollstonecraft On National Education. This quote tell us that if women got the same education as men did they would be just as smart.
One need only look as far as the literature of the 1890's to see that women's issues influenced the thinking of many intellectuals. The discourse of the period is obsessed with the proper roles for women, debate about suffrage, and considerations of what to do with all the "odd women" who couldn't find husbands. As early as 1860 census data indicated that more and more women were remaining single and unmarried (Showalter viii). In an essay written for The Edinburgh Review Harriet Martineau argued that because there were not enough husbands to go around, girls should be educated and trained to be self-supporting (Showalter ix). By the end of the century the numbers of unmarried women lacking economic support reached crisis proportions. This event, as much or more than any other, precipitated the feminist movement of the late nineteenth an...
Women in the early days of America, even the world, were not shown the same treatment as a man would have been given, they were beneath them. Women were always seen as the care giver and food preparer of the house, while the man would find work or get an education at a university. According to Susan Cruea, “Women had the opportunity to attend female seminaries and colleges, the curriculum at these schools was limited to religious instruction and basic "book learning" which would enable a mother to later educate her children. Intellectual pursuits were strongly discouraged; instead, a True Woman was expected "to fulfill herself in the 'instinctive' arts of child rearing, domestic pursuits, and spiritual comfort".” So women could attend school to help their children, but could not take their education any higher because of being a woman and that would make the...
The point of view on the quandary of the traditional woman was thought to be outraged. There is this theory of the shock of marriage. It says that the marriage was producing interruptions that were modifying the life of the woman in a drastic way. The women who are capable of looking after the marriage are placed in a role of dependency with regard to the husband in economic topics, of status. The role of the housewife has prestiged to be small, and the woman
The Enlightenment is known as the revolution that brought to question the traditional political and social structures. This included the question of the woman’s traditional roles in society. As the public sphere relied more and more ?? and the advances in scientific and educated thinking, women sought to join in with the ranks of their male counterparts. Women held gatherings known as salons where they organized intellectual conversations with their distinguished male guests. Seeking to further their status, enlightened women published pamphlets and other works advocating for educational rights and political recognition. Even with this evolution of woman in society, many still clung to the belief that the role of the woman was solely domestic. The females that spoke up were usually deemed unnatural. However these women used the time period of reason and science that allowed them the opportunity to break away from their domestic roles and alter the view of women in society.
Wollstonecraft doesn’t want women to only consider their appearance as their only power over men. While Rousseau is afraid that if women become educated like men they will have more power over men, Wollstonecraft wishes for women to not have power over men but over themselves. From a young age, women have only been taught to be the perfect lady; this consists of being a housewife, also encouraging women to have passions in fashion and men and feed from their compliments. This is repeatedly shown to young women everyday which gives them absolutely no chance to use their reason and question why? Wollstonecraft argues that society is constantly judging women on their passion and likes, but what does society expect if this is all women are being taught?
In conclusion, women’ status was very low at the ancient society because they must stay at home and took after their husband, father and sons. They must build the virtue figure and did well jobs at home and couldn’t charge the family affairs. For increasing the women’s status, they must accept the education and don’t rely on others. In the future, I hope many women accept the education and make themselves become stronger than before.
As a cultural movement, Romanticism “revolted against academic convention, and authority,” and the “limitations to freedom” that Romantics saw in the Enlightenment period (210). “Among European intellectuals, the belief in the reforming powers of reason became the basis for a progressive view of human history” (144). Enlightenment figures Antione Nicolas de Condorcet and Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for one such progressive cause, the rights of women. Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman put the idea of women’s rights into the minds of people during the Enlightenment period. As a merely progressive view, women did not obtain rights such as voting until the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Enlightenment writers like Jonathan Swift and Voltaire, used satire to “[draw] attention to the vast contradictions between morals and manners, intentions and actions, and, more generally Enlightenment aspirations and contemporary degradation” (158).
This course of women and gender studies, as would all courses, have produced awareness by coherently explaining the situations women are facing in the world today. One may not know of theses situations until taught. By learning of these occurrences, one can properly act upon them. Many women and men have taken the opportunity to attend classes on women’s and gender studies and have since then made strides to make a difference in the unjust society that must be faced.
Wollstonecraft seemed exasperated with how men had dominated leadership roles in the home and in the public realm, leaving women with neither a voice nor the power to bring about change. Her opinion was that women deserved to choose a career and should have the right to vote. She urged women to pursue a decent education, thus broadening their minds and gaining wisdom pertaining to life and leadership in the world. She adamantly believed women should never stop educating themselves because gaining more knowledge would empower them to break free from their dependence on
In the Victorian Period receiving an education was an act of unconformity. Women were to be pure, domestic, and submissive and these traits could not be achieved through education. The education of women was thought to disrupt the social balance of time, but in the Victorian Period women were educated because they were mothers of men. They wanted women to teach their children so they had to be educated. Women were stripped of their rights and dignity, but they were finally free to break through the co...
In every age there are great thinkers who step forward and present ideas that “cross the line,” so to speak. It is because of these people that society is constantly changing and evolving. While some of Wollstonecraft’s thoughts were forceful and abrupt, her early thoughts on feminism challenged society to view women in a different light. She was able to make people consider the importance of education for all, and was not afraid to go against popular philosophers of the time to do it. Many people, especially women, did not know how to react to Wollstonecraft’s new ideas. However, her main point, equality, and understanding of ones self, did encourage women to educate themselves, push past the false limitations which society had placed on them and begin to cultivate rationality, understanding, and peace of mind.