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Relationship between industrialization and urbanization
The industrial revolution effects on society
The industrial revolution effects on society
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Industrial revolution, in the 19th century, revolutionized the economy and the lifestyle of America. It had many more effects, including the urbanization in the United States. Statistics show that from 1820 to 1920, the number of cities in the USA rose from 61 to 2722. Likewise, the urban population increased many times too. Industrialization also changed the production techniques by the extensive use of division of labor to divide simplified tasks among specialized labor. Urbanization and division of labor are highly correlated, and division of labor crucially aided the urbanization of the United States of America.
Industrialization in the USA took place in two significant phases. The first phase was between 1820 and 1840 when rural artisanal
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Before industrialization, self-employed craftsmen and artisans made the entire product using hand tools and the skills they had acquired before. However, with division of labor, during industrialization, “factory owners recruited workers for a wage in the labor market and reduced their jobs into a myriad of tasks” (Kim, “Division of labor and the rise of cities”484). Most of these jobs were obtained through a network of family, friends, and people of similar ethnicity, so job searching costs in the cities were much lower as the cities had a higher concentration of workers and firms because cities had factories with more division of labor. This signifies the importance of division of labor and industrialization in the urbanization of …show more content…
From a small compressed urban area with less than 100,000 people in 1850, Pittsburgh had more than a million inhabitants in 1907 (Muller 58). After 1870, a remarkable growth in manufacturing and division of labor under corporate capitalism extended the industries beyond the city limits of Pittsburgh, increasing both, the size and the population of the city. There was a significant increase in the capital intensive and mass-producing factories of steel, glass, and electrical industry. All these industries used division of labor to increase their productivities, so it can be said that division of labor backed the urbanization of Metropolitan Pittsburgh, and in general, all around the
The Industrial Revolution in America began to develop in the mid-eighteen hundreds after the Civil War. Prior to this industrial growth the work force was mainly based in agriculture, especially in the South (“Industrial Revolution”). The advancement in machinery and manufacturing on a large scale changed the structure of the work force. Families began to leave the farm and relocate to larger settings to work in the ever-growing industries. One area that saw a major change in the work force was textile manufacturing. Towns in the early nineteen hundreds were established around mills, and workers were subjected to strenuous working conditions. It would take decades before these issues were addressed. Until then, people worked and struggled for a life for themselves and their families. While conditions were harsh in the textile industry, it was the sense of community that sustained life in the mill villages.
...oods in the market place. The market increased vastly, becoming more efficient with cheaper transportation and economic specialization. Industrialization impacted the meaning of work and changed the ways of time management. Urbanization mainly evolved in the northeastern states, which help the states to become more into urban cities showing and improving on communication and industrialization. Though this was great for the Americans it did affect the Native Americans and African slaves in a negative light. Even though it had ups and downs from different point of views the market revolution changed and improved how our economy is today.
Throughout the 19th century, industrialization was a turning point in the United States that led to huge changes in society, economics and politics. The incoming growth of factories had positive and negative effects. Two specific changes were the new government regulations and the increasing immigration. These changes were extremely important because they settled the bases of the country. Industrialization provided many benefits for the nation but however, it also created serious problems that required action by the government.
Pre-industrial labor mostly consisted of farming and agriculture involving the entire family. In 1823, 97 percent of all Americans still lived in farms therefore the rural population and workforce was much larger than the urban population and workforce. The production and growing of food was used by the...
The immigrants would soon shape the development of American labor in the latter part of the 19th century. The “four major trends—loss of control over workplace, labor conflict, rapid geographic mobility, and the increase of diversity” (Aurand), were the factors that changed American labor. By 1870, the need for skilled labor would soon diminish due to mechanization. Mechanization ultimately turned the small shops into large factories, condensed with machines to further increase the worker efficiency. Frederick Winslow
The mid 19th century was an age of growth like no other. The term “Industrial Revolution” refers to the time period where production changed from homemade goods, to those produced by machines and factories. As industrial growth developed and cities grew, the work done by men and women diverged from the old agricultural life. People tended to leave home to work in the new factories being built. They worked in dangerous conditions, were paid low wages, and lacked job security (Kellogg). It is difficult to argue, however, that the economic development of the United States was not greatly dependent on the industrial revolution.
Meyer, David R. The Roots of American Industrialization. N.p.: JHU, 2003. N. pag. Google Books. JHU Press. Web. 29 Sept. 2013
America had a huge industrial revolution in the late 1800”s. Many changes happened to our great nation, which factored into this. The evidence clearly shows that advancements in new technology, a large wave of immigrants into our country and new views of our government, helped to promote America’s huge industrial growth from the period of 1860-1900.
The Industrial Revolution was the major advancement of technology in the late 18th and early 19th century that began in Britain and spread to America. The national and federal government helped the United States grow into a self reliant nation with improvements in transportation, technology, manufacturing and the growth of the population. Americans had an economy based on manual labour, which was replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of machinery. It began with the expansion of the textile industries and the development of iron-making techniques, and trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. One of the first to kick off, was the textile industry.
Those “elites” that organized in Philadelphia are parallel to the merchant capitalists in Manchester who were in charge of the putting-out system, the system in which workers processed raw materials were processed into finished products in the home, then brought to a central marketplace to be sold. This was attractive because it let workers work at their own speed, as well as didn’t subject adult and child workers to the harsh conditions of a factory. I found that this was the precursor to full out industrialization, with mechanization and everyone working in a factory because it was the beginning stages of getting agriculturally-centered families to be involved in production. This next step can be seen in Philadelphia, where manufacturing jobs fully brought people into the city for jobs. In both Philadelphia and Manchester, industry created social stratification.
Industrialization was a period of rapid expansion in the 19th and 20th century for the United States and had a profound effect on the country. Although there was much success across the country, such as massive population growth and manual labor becoming easier, the negative effects of industrialization outweigh the positives.
What better way to understand industry in the United States than the Industrial Revolution (there goes the word “Revolution again) The Industrial Revolution brought many modifications to the organizations that went through the process of industrialization. A portion of the modifications improved society, however, others experienced damage within most of the society. The working class of these societies were the most affected. To the working people of the country of England, they went through tons of hard ache due to industrialization. The agony was not worth the gains of the Industrial Revolution in England from 1780 to 1850, which mainly affected the working class of England. The working class went through awful working and living conditions
The Industrial Revolution was the result of many interrelated changes that transformed society from agricultural communities into industrial ones. The most immediate changes on society because of this revolution were on the products that were produced, where, and how. Goods that were traditionally made in homes or small workshops began to be manufactured in large industrial factories. As a result, productivity and efficiency increased dramatically, thereby causing a radical shift in the long-established economies that existed at the time. The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of cities as people moved from rural areas to the city in order to find work. Marx believed that the changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution overturned not only the traditional economies, but also society in general.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, America’s society experienced drastic changes that transformed the country as a whole. Some of the changes that occurred during this time included migration and immigration, changes in the roles of the government, and the rise of imperialism. However, while these changes caused major impacts on the United States, industrialization impacted America more drastically than any other change that occurred. Industrialization changed the lives of citizens during this historical period of time, and the changes that occurred can still be seen in the way America functions as a society today. Therefore, industrialization was the aspect of American society that changed the most during the 19th and 20th centuries due to
Urbanization is the process of becoming a city or intensification of urban elements. Since modernization, the meaning of urbanization mostly became the transformation that a majority of population living in rural areas in the past changes to a majority living in urban areas. However, urbanization differs between the developed and developing world in terms of its cause and the level of its negative outcomes. Korea, as one of the developing countries, experienced what is called ‘ overurbanization,’ and it experienced a number of negative consequences of it, although it could achieve a great economic development by it. This paper examines how urbanization differs between the West and the rest of the world, the characteristics and process of urbanization in Korea, problems sprung from its extreme urbanization, and government policies coping with population distribution.