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Gender in us literature 20th century
Gender role in literature
Gender in us literature 20th century
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Individual will is a force that is significant, and yet can be manipulated by a more powerful source. In the Victorian Age setting within The Awakening by Kate Chopin, men have been manipulated by society. They are forced to reflect their norms on women. These norms have been caused repressive and manipulative behavior within men. Edna Pontellier, protagonist of the novel, confronts several men who confront her yearning for individualism. Each male plays a role ordained by society and as a result they develop characteristics that promote specific, yet conflicting images to the reader. Robert Lebrun is often see as a seductive man who plays the women he confronts. “Since the age of fifteen, which was eleven years before, Robert each summer …show more content…
In the novel, during many instances, intricate intimacies are illustrated. “No multitude of words could have been more significant than those moments of silences, or more pregnant with the first-felt throbbings of desire.” (30) Robert, in pursuit of Edna unlocks her sexual awakening alongside his social awakening. Robert becomes aware that he must step out of the boundaries and evolve as a man. Yet Robert still stumbles in his path. He and Edna have a common bond. They both attempt to defy the norms of society. Robert respects Edna’s yearning for individualism and only seeks to accompany her on that journey by form of marriage. However, he struggles to fight what societal ordainment. He lacks the key to break societies chains. He can’t simply let go of the expectation of marriage within this era. On the contrary his relationship with Edna gives him an optimistic view on his love life. “His search has always hitherto been fruitless, and he has sunk back, disheartened, into the sea. But to-night he found Mrs. Pontelllier.” (29) His passion for Edna, conveys his innocent hope for repressive love between himself and Edna. He and Edna …show more content…
He enforces his possessions and his role as a Victorian Age husband. He defies and remains blind to feminist action. He even expresses dissatisfaction to his own wife. “He thought it very discouraging that his wife, who was the sole object of his existence, evinced so little interest in things which concerned him, and valued so little his conversation.” (5) Leonce is a man who values the worth of a “perfect husband.” He provides money for Edna, departs on long trips, and on cares for his children. He favors the image of marriage far more the reality of it. He doesn’t deny what others ordain, instead he is just a player of the game. He follows along with the norms of society. In result, he finds absolutely nothing wrong with Edna’s position in society. He could not detect Edna’s urge to escape the society he encourages. For example, he refers to Edna more as an object than an individual. (5) He is blind and oblivious regarding Edna’s actions. He is a figure sought just to manipulate Edna along with the rest of society. Astonishingly, he isn’t obliviousness to the nature of society. “Why my dear, I should think you’d understand by this time that people don’t do such things; we’ve got to observe the conventions if we ever expect to get on and keep up with the procession.” (51) In one word, Leonce is a simpleton who follows under the rules established by society. He is heavily focused on
Kate Chopin’s The Awakening takes place in the late 19th century, in Grande Isle off the coast of Louisiana. The author writes about the main character, Edna Pontellier, to express her empowering quality of life. Edna is a working housewife,and yearns for social freedom. On a quest of self discovery, Edna meets Madame Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz, falls in and out of love,and eventually ends up taking her own life. Kate Chopin’s The Awakening shows how the main character Edna Pontellier has been trapped for so many years and has no freedom, yet Edna finally “awakens” after so long to her own power and her ability to be free.
Edna Pontellier was on her way to an awakening. She realized during the book, she was not happy with her position in life. It is apparent that she had never really been fully unaware However, because her own summary of this was some sort of blissful ignorance. Especially in the years of life before her newly appearing independence, THE READER SEES HOW she has never been content with the way her life had turned out. For example she admits she married Mr. Pontellier out of convenience rather than love. EDNA knew he loved her, but she did not love him. It was not that she did not know what love was, for she had BEEN INFATUATED BEFORE, AND BELIEVED IT WAS love. She consciously chose to marry Mr. Pontellier even though she did not love him. When she falls in love with Robert she regrets her decision TO MARRY Mr. Pontellier. HOWEVER, readers should not sympathize, because she was the one who set her own trap. She did not love her husband when she married him, but SHE never once ADMITS that it was a bad decision. She attributes all the problems of her marriage to the way IN WHICH SOCIETY HAS defined the roles of men and women. She does not ACCEPT ANY OF THE BLAME, AS HER OWN. The only other example of married life, in the book, is Mr. and Mrs. Ratignolle, who portray the traditional role of married men and women of the time. Mr. Pontellier also seems to be a typical man of society. Edna, ON THE OTHER HAND, was not A TYPICAL WOMAN OF SOCIETY. Mr. Pontellier knew this but OBVIOUSLY HAD NOT ALWAYS. This shows IS APPARENT in the complete lack of constructive communication between the two. If she had been able to communicate with her husband they may have been able to work OUT THEIR PROBLEMS, WHICH MIGHT HAVE MADE Edna MORE SATISFIED WITH her life.
The book begins and ends with Edna and her attraction to the water. Throughout the story, water plays a symbolic part in the unfolding of Edna and her relationship to Robert and also her awakening to a new outlook on life along with an independence that takes her away from her family and the socially constraining life in which she no longer can see herself a part of. Edna and Robert are at the beach enjoying each others company. They quickly return to the cottage where Leonce is, and he talks to them. They have had a good time down by the water and Leonce, being the proper business man that he is, does not understand why Robert would rather spend his time chatting with his wife than attending to other things.
Chopin’s novel is filled with different themes. Her themes are what really gets her message to her readers. one of her themes is identity because becoming the person that you want to be is what The Awakening is all about. Knowing who you are is a big component in becoming free. That is why Chopin created an identity theme in her novel. Edna is constantly trying to find out who is wants to be. Edna knows that she is not the perfect mother and wife like Madame Ratignolle, and she also knows that she would never want to live alone like Mademoiselle Reisz. Who is the true Edna P? That is what Edna is find out, and that is the question most women should ask themselves. Who is the true me? Chopin has another theme that pushes her message even more.
In the novella The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the main character Edna Pontellier “becomes profoundly alienated from traditional roles required by family, country, church, or other social institutions and is unable to reconcile the desire for connection with others with the need for self-expression” (Bogard). The novella takes place in the South during the 1800’s when societal views and appearances meant everything. There were numerous rules and expectations that must be upheld by both men and women, and for independent, stubborn, and curious women such as Edna, this made life challenging. Edna expressed thoughts and goals far beyond her time that made her question her role in life and struggle to identify herself, which caused her to break societal conventions, damage her relationships, and ultimately lose everything.
Leonce says, "It seems to me." the utmost folly for a woman at the head of a household, and the mother of children, to spend time in an atelier [meaning a studio for painting] days which would be better employed contriving for the comfort of her family. " This quote is rather symbolic as it uses the word "employed" when Leonce says Edna would be better "employed"... ... middle of paper ... ...
Her transformation and journey to self-discovery truly begins on the family’s annual summer stay at Grand Isle. “At a very early period she had apprehended instinctively the dual life- that outward existence which conforms, the inward life which questions. That summer at Grand Isle she began to loosen a little of the mantle of reserve that had always enveloped her” (Chopin 26). From that point onward, Edna gains a deeper sense of desire for self-awareness and the benefits that come from such an odyssey. She suddenly feels trapped in her marriage, without being in a passionately romantic relationship, but rather a contractual marriage. Edna questions her ongoing relationship with Leonce; she ponders what the underlying cause of her marriage was to begin with; a forbidden romance, an act of rebellion against her father, or a genuine attraction of love and not lust? While Edna internally questions, she begins to entertain thoughts of other men in her life, eventually leading to sensuous feelings and thoughts related to sexual fantasy imagined through a relationship with Robert Lebrun. Concurrently, Edna wavers the ideas so clearly expected by the society- she analyzes and examines; why must women assimilate to rigid societal standards while men have no such
In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Edna Pontellier’s suicide is an assertion of her independence and contributes to Chopin’s message that to be independent one must choose between personal desires and societal expectations. Chopin conveys this message through Edna’s reasons for committing suicide and how doing so leads her to total independence.
For example, he treats some women with little respect. The novel states, “ And [Robert] related the story of Alcee Arobin and the consul’s wife; and another about the tenor of the French Opera, who received letters which should never have been written…” (20). This shows that Alcee has been with multiple women, and he has, from what can be inferred, written bad letters to them. He seems to have casted these women aside now and moved on showing little respect for them which was not what a man should have. Moreover, he moves in on married women. The novel states, “When he leaned forward and kissed [Edna], she clasped his head, holding his lips to hers” (84). Although Edna returned the kiss, it still does not excuse the fact that Alcee initiated the kiss on a known married women. Men during the time did not try to take what other men already had as the reader is shown when Robert says goodbye to Edna for the reason of her marriage to Leonce. Additionally, Alcee does what he wants to women. The novel states, “‘ I am, after I have said good night[,]’ [said Alcee.] ‘Good night,’ [Edna] murmured. He did not answer, except to continue to caress her. He did not say good night until she had become supple to his gentle, seductive entreaties” (94). Edna tries to tell Alcee to leave, although not in a very commanding way, but he refuses until he gets what he wants from her. Men at the time had more respect from
Contrastingly, Mrs. Darling, his wife, is portrayed as a romantic, maternal character. She is a “lovely lady”, who had many suitors yet was “won” by Mr. Darling, who got to her first. However, she is a multifaceted character because her mind is described “like the tiny boxes, one within the other, that come from the puzzling East”, suggesting that she is, to some extent, an enigma to the other characters, especially Mr. Darling. As well as this, she exemplifies the characteristics of a “perfect mother”. She puts everything in order, including her children’s minds, which is a metaphor for the morals and ethics that she instils in them. Although ...
Kate Chopin's The Awakening is a literary work full of symbolism. Birds, clothes, houses and other narrative elements are powerful symbols which add meaning to the novel and to the characters. I will analyze the most relevant symbols presented in Chopin's literary work.
Almost all of the characters in the film are a depiction of aristocracy and their struggle to maintain their status and glory and to live their lives as expected by the society they live in. Infidelity is also evident in the film wherein Jourdain and Elmire are included. Disloyalty also comes in on the part of Moliere as a servant to Jourdain, when he had an affair with Elmire and on the part of Dorante as a friend of Jourdain, when he fooled Jourdain. Hidden agendas and plans are also apparent on the part of Jourdain’s older daughter: her secret love with her piano teacher and on Dorante’s part of performing his hidden evil plan to Jourdain.
"It was when the face and figure of a great tragedian began to haunt her imagination and stir her senses. The persistence of the infatuation lent it an aspect of genuineness. The hopelessness of it colored it with the lofty tones of a great passion:" (Chopin 17) a passion that eventually lost its newness and was relegated to the shelf that held vague, yet comfortably delightful remembrances. The tragedian keeps company with a visiting cavalry officer and an engaged gentleman. Though, in reality, the gentleman is probably no longer engaged, he will remain so in the mind of Edna Pontellier: one of the images of the infatuations of a "little miss." (Chopin 17) With regard to her marriage to Leonce Pontellier, Edna is taken, not with the man himself, but with the notion he represents. “By leaving Mississippi on Leonce's arm, she defies her family's wish that she marry a non-Catholic. Add to that equation a healthy dose of flattery from her intended and their union is as good as cemented” (Martin 118). This is how Edna comes to be ensconced in the inescapable institution of marriage. One would suppose that the speaking of the vows would put an end to youthful enchantment, but that is not the case. Both the holy bounds of wedlock and the remonstrations of society fail to constrict her. Edna Pontellier experiences one last, great infatuation. However, this beat upon her soul reverberates into a feeling that far surpasses what she had previously thought to be "the climax of her fate." (Chopin 17) The single-tiered fantasies of her youth are replaced with a sentiment that matures in nature as her awakening proceeds.
In the play, Mrs. Alving, the protagonist, is confronted with problems regarding her past and moral standards, and how those problems greatly affect her in the present. Mrs. Alving was to be a dutiful mother and wife, but she had an unhappy marriage since her husband, a well respected figure in his community, philandered with other women throughout their marriage. Mrs. Alving didn’t want to live with her womanizing husband, and left him. She ran away to her minister, Pastor Manders, whom she was in love with at the time, but was sent home by him, reminding her of her wife duties, and that he, as a minister, needed to protect his reputation. Pastor Manders is a stereotypic person, for this reason, he neglected Mrs. Alving’s problem because he believes that a wife’s duty is not to be her husband’s judge, and told her to stay with her husband instead to, hopefully, change their love for each other. With this in mind, Pastor Manders’ clerical status in the play, at the same time, contradicts Mrs. Alving’s moral standards in her marriage. Although Mrs. Alving complied with Pastor Manders’ advice, Mr. Alving’s philandering did not cease until his death. In addition, Regina, the servant of the Alving estate, is the illegitimate child of Mr. Alving and Mrs. Alving’s former maid, Joana. Regina does not know her originality since she was adopted by Jacob Engstrand, a carpenter, who lat...
The world of Middlemarch is socially complex with the way its characters interact with and treat each other. With its macabre and upsetting tone, Eliot uses unconventional characters, such as Dorothea and Edward, and Tertius and Rosamond, to reveal the cruel realities of marriage, and the true hardships people face in a society filled with idealistic visions. This major theme of marriage failure is inter-weaved throughout the novel, and is a result of people refusing to see their spouse’s imperfections or faults. The bonds between these characters fail because the mistakes made are only realised until after marriage, and the tragic reality destroys their once ideal visions of their partners and themselves. This relates back to the statement that an individual’s inner ideal version of themselves will never overpower who they really are as a person, and the harsh realities they have to face determine who that person is. When they see and learn the...