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Bacterial amylase bio lab report
Bacterial amylase bio lab report
Bacterial amylase bio lab report
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Lipase: Lipase is enzymes that speed up the reaction of breaking fat into fatty acids and glycerol. Lipase can be found in different kind of industry. It can be found in dairy industry, by lipase is used to break down the milk fats and give different flavour into the cheese. Those flavour came from when lipase turn fats into fatty acid. Lipase that are use to react is from the microbial that create bacteria. The bacteria that are created will create the lipase to react on product. Another object that are use to create the reaction to make cheese is the mild lipase power that included the lipase inside. The mild lipase will also help speed up the reaction of breaking down fats into fatty acids that can stronger the flavour of the products. …show more content…
Then the reaction start by breaking fats or triglycerides and transform it into fatty acids. Therefore the fatty acid that contain in the milk are used to make the dairy product and it created different type and taste of cheese. Different cheese used different amount of the fatty acid, if there more enzymes then the chain that is the produce is shorter(more fatty acids). This will help the cheese to have stronger flavour. The mild lipase power and bacteria is use to increase the flavour of the cheese. Before when lipase is not used in the the flavour of the cheese is no strong enough. As we all know the lipase enzymes help speed up the chemical reaction to break down the fat into fatty acids to create a strong taste for cheese. Therefore if lipase is not use then the reaction is slower that will make the quality of the taste decreased. Even thought Lipase is help an diary industry. On the other side it’s destroying the environment. Many dairy factory are build because diary food can be sell in a high price. That infrastructure will enhance the air pollution. During the process of making the dairy food (cheese) different air emission(CO, CO2, SO2, NOx) will be produce while heating by burning gas or oil. Therefore the gas might effect the health of the workers as …show more content…
Amylase can be found in different types of industry. Detergent is one of the industry that Amylase is used. Amylase is use in detergent industry to breakdown(remove) the variable stain on the cloth from food that includes starch in it. The production of Amylase that contained in detergent is produce from the ‘Bacillus spp’(Bacteria) that produced from others living thing (Human and animal). Amylase in detergent industry substrate is the polysaccharide (Starch/Carbohydrate) (bread, cereal, pasta, rich, potato and etc..) into disaccharide (Sugar/Maltose). The different kind of food that includes carbohydrate/Starch, that stain on the cloths will be captured by the amylase. when cloths that put into the laundry with detergent, it will capture the stain and it will breakdown (removes) the stain. when the enzymes is in the optimal condition the stain will removes faster. Before this application, people have to remove it by using water and hand. It is also a reaction of hydrolyse. Without the enzymes contain in the detergent, a lot of stain such as will not removes and detergent will also lost one of the advantage. Before detergent, people uses hand wash to wash their cloth that need more time to removes the stain. Stain will also be removed because people hand contain a lot of bacteria that can create amylase, but it’s just slower than
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
One of the most primitive actions known is the consumption of lactose, (milk), from the mother after birth. Mammals have an innate predisposition towards this consumption, as it is their main source of energy. Most mammals lose the ability to digest lactose shortly after their birth. The ability to digest lactose is determined by the presence of an enzyme called lactase, which is found in the lining of the small intestine. An enzyme is a small molecule or group of molecules that act as a catalyst (catalyst being defined as a molecule that binds to the original reactant and lowers the amount of energy needed to break apart the original molecule to obtain energy) in breaking apart the lactose molecule. In mammals, the lactase enzyme is present
The Effect of Temperature on an Enzyme's Ability to Break Down Fat Aim: To investigate the effect of temperature on an enzyme’s (lipase) ability to break down fat. Hypothesis: The graph below shows the rate increasing as the enzymes get closer to their optimum temperature (around 35 degrees Celsius) from room temperature. The enzyme particles are moving quicker because the temperature increases so more collisions and reactions occur between the enzymes and the substrate molecules. After this the graph shows the rate decreasing as the enzymes are past their optimum temperature (higher than). They are getting exposed to temperatures that are too hot and so the proteins are being destroyed.
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
However, the decrease varied depending on the temperature. The lowest temperature, 4 degrees Celsius, experienced a very low decrease of amylose percentage. Temperature at 22 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius, both had a drastic decrease in amylose percentage. While the highest temperature, 70 degrees Celsius, experienced an increase of amylose percentage. In conclusion, as the temperature increases the percentage of amylose decreases; however, if the temperature gets too high the percentage of amylose will begin to increase. The percentage of amylose increases at high temperatures because there is less enzyme activity at high temperatures. However, when the temperature is lower, more enzyme activity will be present, which results in the decrease of amylose percentage. This is why there is a decrease of amylose percentage in 4, 22, and 37 degrees Celsius. In this experiment the optimal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, this is because this is the average human body temperature. Therefore, amylase works better at temperatures it is familiar
Despite of general properties of enzymes, the properties also varies from where it comes from and how it been produced. For instance, the enzymatic saccharification method in lignocellulosic bioethanol is generated by hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicelluloses. This method gets high attention because of its higher theoretical yield compared to other methods (Taneda et al., 2012). Acremonium cellulolyticus with high activities of cellulase, amylase and pectinase enzymes allow it for the easy separation of solids/liquids in potato pulp, resulting in high saccharification efficiency and a high recovery rate of products (Gao et al., 2014). On the other hand, Enzyme-modified carboxymethyl starch (ECMS) is beneficial in enhancing water holding capacity, emulsion stability and improving sensory characteristics of sausages with a declined fat content (Luo and Xu, 2011). Lipases and phospholipases of dormant cotton seeds have stability in heat, various media and nature of the hydrolysis of the lipids properties (Rakhi...
Enzymes as mentioned before help speed up reactions, they generally work by bonding to a substrate, this bonding occurs at the active site. This link then forms a different molecule which will benefit its respective process. Every enzyme has its own optimum pH level to work under, if too low the enzyme will be very slow. However if too high the enzyme will then denature and be obsolete. This is why it is important to know the optimum pH level for whatev...
This is a condition that will help in the development of acid-sensitive bacteria that are growth on the surface of the raclette cheese. Deacidification is commonly related to the catabolism of amino acid or lactate. Yarrowia lipolytica will produce a microflora surface on the cheese environment. They will produce rapidly and will outnumber the commercial cultures. Yarrowia lipolytica always developing the yeast in the natural ways that contain a surface of flora. The flavour of the cheese will be develop because of the effective
During manufacture and ripening, cheese production comprises a series of biochemical events, which, if synchronized and balanced, lead to products with highly desirable aromas and flavours, however when
Detergent comes from the Latin word detergere meaning to clean, it is defined as a cleansing agent. Therefore, water itself is a detergent. This essay looks at soap and soapless (or synthetic) detergents. Both substances we use everyday and have a big market commercially, they effect everyone. Soaps are made from natural products and soapless detergents are produced chemically, each having advantages and disadvantages.
For the sake of transporting their drinking milk, people stored it in sacks made from the sheep’s stomach. After being stored for some time, it was found that the product was no longer milk, but instead it separated into solids and liquid, or curds and whey. Because of this mistake, the use of animal rennet in cheese production entered the collective stream of consciousness, and became the practice still routinely used today. The use of rennet in cheese making was among the earliest applications of exogenous enzymes in the food industry, dating back to approximately 6000 B C. The use of rennet, as an exogenous enzyme, in cheese production is perhaps the largest single application of enzymes in food processing.
Starting with the basics is the composition of stain removers. One ingredient in stain removers is ammonia (NH3). When ammonia is in its alkaline state, it is very efficient in destroying bacteria and breaking down stains. The next component is bleach (NaClO), otherwise known as sodium hypochlorite which disinfects and whitens fabrics. “It works by oxidizing (or stealing electrons from) the compounds comprising germs and stains, which effectively breaks down their molecular bonds” (ehow.com). Another factor in stain removers are enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reaction process and are also
It is an amylolytic enzyme, which breaks down carbohydrates and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide as well as simple sugars like glucose and fructose and make the dough
3.1.1.3) are triacyl glycerol acylhydrolases and belong to the class of serine hydrolases. Lipases catalyze a variety of chemical reactions which are found in a wide range including animals, plants and microorganisms (Jaeger and Eggert, 2002). Lipases catalyze both the synthesis of esters from glycerol and long chain fatty acids and the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols into fatty acids, partial acylglycerols and glycerol. Lipases are unique in catalyzing the hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol at the water-lipid interface and reversing the reaction in non-aqueous media. The enzyme conformation changes when it contacts with a water-insoluble substrate.
Long ago, washing clothes was done through the process of rubbing sand on clothes, or by smashing the article of clothing with hard rocks. Also, by dipping clothing in water which removed excess dirt. Another way to get clothes clean long ago was, boats used to carry clothes in bags and dragged the bags in the water to clean the clothes or whatever else was in the bag. Many tried to think of simpler ways to wash clothes, but there was no troubled principle to get clothes clean. For using water to remove dirt was the base principle. Some of the first washing machines were hand operated and were wash boards. Then, in 1858 was when mechanical washing machines became introduced. This was a big step, for soon people around the world would try to keep improving this marvelous invention. Shortly after, Alva Fisher was said to have made the worlds first electric washing machine around 1907. “It was not until the modern washing machine was invented that women were freed from this hard work” ( Field Enterprises Educational Corporation 45 ). However, many ...