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Principles of curriculum integration
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Curriculum Integration in Vocational and Technology Education:
Implication for Teaching and Learning
Riley Stein
University of West Florida
ECT4930
Lit Review- Article 2
Curriculum Integration in Vocational and Technology Education Current 21st century technological and communication skills that are required by students are being impacted by the schools because the constricted spotlight on academic and psychomotor skills is distressing the curriculum. The article I found goes over with how curriculum integration could help effective teaching and skill development in vocational education. It focuses on some of the main concepts of curriculum integration such as key requirements for successful integration, benefits of integration, and
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B., Emmanuel, R., Francis, A., & Okwori, R. O., Curriculum Integration in Vocational and Technology. Pg 17) It can also be described as a curriculum approach that purposely brings together skill, attitude, knowledge, and value from subject areas to create a more powerful understandings of the ideas. On Page 18 of the article it states that “Curriculum integration enhances a unified perception of knowledge. Curriculum integration actually implies summation of wholeness.” (Numgwo, A. B., Emmanuel, R., Francis, A., & Okwori, R. O., Curriculum Integration in Vocational and Technology.) To integrate curriculum means being able to bring together all learning experiences and create useful relationships among different subjects towards a single point of view. There is not just one right way to integrate the curriculum in a school, but the key requirements for successful integration should include: content integrity, authenticity, criterion of validity, significance, interest and …show more content…
In many schools, vocational and academic educations are in two separate worlds. The articles states that “Vocational and academic teachers are “separated physically, socially, organizationally, and educationally,” and may be reluctant to collaborate.” (Numgwo, A. B., Emmanuel, R., Francis, A., & Okwori, R. O., Curriculum Integration in Vocational and Technology. Pg 24) Administrators should draw attention to the importance of all teachers working together and should promote sharing information within their schools to keep open communication between them, and help create a way for integration to happen. Another problem facing integration is that in rural communities they may have less economic help to create and keep up with the latest integrated vocational and academic programs available to them. Rural businesses and industry may have more reason to become involved in curriculum reform because “vocational education has been shown to play a pivotal role in arresting economic decline in some rural areas.” (Numgwo, A. B., Emmanuel, R., Francis, A., & Okwori, R. O., Curriculum Integration in Vocational and Technology. Pg
“ When his class drifted away from him, which was often, his voice would rise in paranoid accusations, and occasionally he would lose control and shake or smack us” (Rose, 346). Students like these should get full attention, care and love from the teachers in the vocational program or at least more attention than average students do. Teachers could impact a significant change in a student’s life. “If kids come to us from strong, healthy functioning families, it makes our job easier. If they do not come to us from strong, healthy, functioning families, it makes our job more important”(Colorose). Teachers should be influential to their students and be like their role model. Having a good mentor, or dedicated teacher changes one’s outlook on education and success in class. “Students will float to the mark you set” (Rose, 347). This quote means the higher the water level; the higher the boat will be or in other words, how the teachers bring them up that is the water level of the students are at. Same thing with the teachers in the vocational program, the teachers bully, abuses and do not teach the students properly, so the boats will sink lower and lower. The teachers in the vocational program should bring the students up and make them a better student and hopefully can escape the vocational program and join other students in high school or
The university-statehouse-industrial complex has grown such that the traditional models of primary and secondary education have survived two or three decades beyond their practical use. With a public school system that segregates and discriminates based on, “college material or not?” (Brolin & Loyd, 1989) and a university system that places only one in five graduates in work in their field of major (cite), our educational system has passed its prime and is still training and educating for 20th century job markets that no longer exist. The way that we educate and what we educate for and why needs rethinking from the top down and needs to be more practical and pragmatic. Career and technical education (CTE) consisting of specialized, targeted, and focused vocational programs at all levels do more than just prepare a student for a real job – these programs have practical education and socialization value that conventional classrooms centered around a teacher’s monologue for many do not. Nowhere is the added value of such targeted programs more useful and valuable than in special classes, courses, and CTE training aimed at students with disabilities.
Vars, F. G. (2001). Can Curriculum Integration Survive in an Era of High-Stakes Testing?. Middle School Journal, 33 (2), 7-17. doi: 10.2307/23043475
Definitions for curriculum are many and varied. Broad sweeping statements claim that curriculum is what is taught in various subjects and the amount of time given to each. While a more specific view is that curriculum are performance objectives for students that focus on specific skills or knowledge (Marsh, 2010). Marsh (2010, p. 93) defines curriculum as “an interrelated set of plans and experiences” that are completed at school. The curriculum used in education can have various interpretations, it may refer to the curriculum as a plan that encompasses all the learning that is planned and directed by the school. Cu...
The Integrated Curriculum Model has three main dimensions advanced content, process/product, and issues/themes. The first dimension, advanced content, is content that it at a higher level. In English Language Arts the readings are usually two grade levels above. Within advanced content, diagnostic-prescriptive approaches are used to promote new learning. Teachers are to continually pre-assess students before teaching content to make sure they are teaching at the appropriate level for the gifted students. In the second facet of the model it ensures that the students are thinking and processing information at higher complex levels. The third dimension of the Integrated Curriculum Model centers gifted and talented students learning around major issues and themes. To connect the themes and issues to real world applications is creating a deeper understanding of the material.
Lynch, R. L. Designing Vocational and Technical Teacher Education for the 21st Century. Columbus: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education, 1997.
When reviewing the literature regarding the past, present and future of educational curriculum, several main points seem apparent, namely that curriculum is cyclical, that a dilemma or paradox exists, and that curriculum must be looked at with a sensitive view.
Posner (2004, p. 36) discusses the importance of understanding the situational factors that lead to the development of a particular curriculum. This curriculum has been created as a response to the problem of technology skills and resources being typically isolated as a separate curriculum, rather than being integrated into the broader curricular areas. This leads to curricula that are often devoid of 21st century skills needed by students to ensure future success (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2004). The goal of the curriculum, therefore, is to focus on specific technology skills that can be readily integrated into other curricular areas without sacrificing critical objectives within those curricula and, in fact, enhancing the relevance and levels of engagement in those areas.
A curriculum is a compilation of study materials that are used at all grade levels, classroom and homework assignments and a set of teacher guides. It could also include a list of prescribed methodology and guidelines of teaching and some material for the parents etc. It is generally determined by an external governing body. However, there are some cases where it may be developed by the schools and teachers themselves.
Curriculum Differentiation One of the most urgent challenges teachers face today is creating a classroom environment where all students are simultaneously engaged in meaningful activities. Too many times students may either become lost as the teacher continues on with the lesson or the material may not be advanced enough, thus becoming boring for students. The implementation of curriculum differentiation is a sustainable solution to this prevalent dilemma. In some parts of the world, the teacher will come into the classroom, write the title of the lesson on the board, and ask one of the students to read aloud as the rest of the class listens. When the student finishes reading, the lesson is considered to be taught.
According to Marsh (2010) curriculum is “An interrelated set of plans and experiences which students complete under the guidance of the school or early childhood settings.”(p. 93). The curriculum is many things, it is a document containing a set of expected performance outcomes and content to guide teachers. Curriculum can also be the delivery of objectives and personal experiences to accelerate student learning (A. Smith, personal communication, April 10, 2014).
Starr, L. (2011, June 14). Education World. Retrieved 11 2, 2013, from Technology Integration/ Ideas That Work: http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/tech/tech176.shtml
Contrary to popular belief, curriculum integration entails more than simply linking lessons together along a common theme. It is more than just "rearranging existing lesson plans", it is an attempt to organize "curriculum around significant problems and issues…without regard for subject-area boundaries" (Beane, 1997). The goal of curriculum integration is to have students gain a deeper level of understanding across subject areas through interrelated thematic study. Themes are drawn from life "as it is being lived and experienced" with knowledge based around problem solving rather than rote skill acquisition (Beane, 1997).
When it comes to implementing a curriculum everyone has an opinion. Whether it is the organization of the curriculum or the evaluation of the curriculum, everyone from administers, teachers, and parents will have their opinions on the new curriculum. The curriculum development group has many difficult decisions to make. They have to decide when and how to implement, who will be in charge, what data will be collected, and how will the curriculum be evaluated.
Whether technological integration has positive or negative impacts on teaching and learning has been paid increasing attention and a numerous research has done to explore the issue. Regarding the issue, the question of if training teachers in the use of technology in classrooms contributes to students’ outcomes is still an endless argument. This essay will explain two reasons why such training brings about positive academic achievements for learners and a number of training guidelines that can be followed.