“ The successful establishment of democratic government in divided societies requires two key elements: power sharing and group autonomy”(Lijphart, 2004). Country X is a society divided not only ethnically but religiously making the creation of a long standing or stable democratic state difficult, but not impossible. As the quote from Lijphart above states, power sharing and group autonomy are two elements which need to be emphasized in order to develop a stable state. For power sharing and group autonomy to be implemented Country X must have a democratic presidential system. A presidential system is necessary because it allows for equal representation in the legislature, a balanced system of regulation, and fair laws to be implemented. All of these aspects will create a society which has power sharing and group autonomy. For Country X to be a stable democracy a presidential system is the correct institution.
“Power sharing denotes the participation of representatives of all significant communal groups in political decision making, especially at the executive level”(Lijphart, 2004). Country X with a population of twenty-five million is made up of collection of ethnicities with two predominant races and a small percentage of other races. There are also two predominant religions in the country creating more division. To create less problems no establishment of religion will be implemented in the government in any way. The government will therefore be divided equally upon the country’s ethnicities. The presidential system I am basing my government structure on is the United States of America. The government will be made up of an executive branch and legislative branch, which the population will elect with certain restrictions. F...
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...ut punishment. Country X should be modeled after a presidential system such as the United States due to their success in achieving both power sharing and group autonomy. With a free society, Country X will have four political parties representing the conservative, liberal, and business ideals of the country. Also, with freedom a number of other groups will form whether they be religious, political, for sport, or to practice a hobby. With the successful establishment of power sharing and group autonomy Country X will be able to become a stable, well-off democratic society.
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Debating which constitutional form of government best serves democratic nations is discussed by political scientist Juan Linz in his essay “The Perils of Presidentialism”. Linz compares parliamentary systems with presidential systems as they govern democracies. As the title of Linz’s essay implies, he sees Presidentialism as potentially dangerous. Linz points out the flaws as presidentialism as he sees them and sites rigidity of fixed terms, the zero-sum game and political legitimacy coupled with lack of incentive to form alliances as issues to support his theory that the parliamentary system is superior to presidentialism.
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There have been enormous efforts to spread democracy as a political system throughout the world by the developed democratic countries and the international development organizations including the World Bank. By the late 1990s the United States alone spent over a half billion dollars to promote democratic expansion throughout the world (Diamond, 2003). These were done considering that the democratic system leads towards development. As a result in the late 20th century we saw a huge political transformation towards democracy. During the last few decades a huge number of countries adopted democracy as their political system. However, it retain a big question how far democracy is successful in bringing development of a country? At this stage, some people also criticizes the effort of democratization arguing that it is done without considering the context of a country, sometimes democracy is not ideal for all countries and it is an effort to extinct diversity of political system. In studying the literature regarding the debate, we found a paradoxical relationship between democracy and development. Some argue that democracy has failed to ensure expected outcomes in terms of development. While others confronted that democracy has a considerable impact on development. Another group of people argue that form of political system actually does not have any impact on development process. On the verge of these debates, some development institutions and academics throw light on why democracy is not working properly, and what measure should be taken to make it more successful in bringing effective development of developing countries. Consequently, this writing is an effort of revisiting the different views about impact of democra...
If the president's party win the elections, the system resembles the presidentialism, where Premier is "weak" and state policy is executed by President. In opposite, if the president's party loses elections, President just becomes a figurehead, delegates the comptences to the Premier. The semi-presidential system lies between the presidential and parliamentary. It has evolved in such way that all disadvantages of other systems are terminated.