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The effects of western imperialism on China and Japan
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Resisting modernization by western powers for nearly a century, China was left inferior compared to western technologies, which Japan had instead embraced. Japan was imperialized early on, and it acclimated to the new machinery and made them their own. With this newfound power and technology, it also became an imperialistic country. They began to seize additional territory, and soon advanced into China. Unable to defend themselves from the superior Japanese capabilities, China had to cede parts of its lands and open its ports for an indefinite amount of time. In China, the Japanese spearheaded imperialism that had many benefits, such as stabilizing politics, opening the economy, and bringing new ideas to society; however, since it created biased politics, unequal economic opportunities, and an oppressive society, Japanese imperialism became more costly to China than beneficial.
Japanese imperialist influences led to stabilized, yet it biased politics in China. In a grab for power, nobles attempted to dominate China for themselves. When Japan entered China with its exceptional manpower and weapons, they prevented the nobles from doing so. In the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan forced China to cede Korea, pay war indemnities, and open numerous ports (Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Chongqing,) while ending the attempts for power. However, seeing Japan’s progress through the adoption of western technologies, the Chinese formed political clubs like the followers of Guang Xu, which debated approaches to reform. Japan also exerted control over the ruling class and politicians, demanding that they work together and help preserve the crumbling local governments. Nonetheless, the stabilization brought consequences. The influence of the Japanese...
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In conclusion, Japan tried to isolate themselves, and China tried to compete with them, using their land, and excess of population. Documents one through ten were all about China, and documents eleven through sixteen was about Japan. Documents one, two, three, and seven was talking about if China was prepared for the European countries, and documents five, six, and nine talked about whether or not China compared to the European countries. Documents twelve, fourteen, and sixteen all talked about negative interactions between Japan and the European countries. So, as a total, I think that neither way from both China or Japan will work in the long run, but that they will recover from it.
Japan had to open ports to foreign commerce when they lost the fight against Europe and America in Tokyo Bay (Bentley 508). After losing, Japan began industrializing and soon enhanced their military by investing in tools from western empires, who had very strong and powerful militaries. Once Japan had built a strong military they began to fight for Korea. They fought China and “demolished the Chinese fleet in a battle lasting a mere five hours,” and they later gained Korea and treaty rights in China (Bentley 550). China’s military was very weak. After losing Hong Kong and many trading ports to western empires following the Opium War, China was in trouble. Chinese people began rebelling against the Qing Dynasty. After the most popular rebellion, The Taiping Rebellion, China began the Self-Strengthening Movement. “While holding to Confucian values, movement leaders built shipyards, constructed railroads, established weapons industries, opened steel foundries with blast furnaces, and founded academies to develop scientific expertise” (Bentley 543). After doing all of these things, China still did not have a strong enough military. They continued to deal with problems from the western
British Imperialism in India and China Imperialism is the domination of a weaker country by a stronger country. For instance, Britain dominated India and China in the mid 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. Imperialism has had both a positive and negative effect on the countries involved. Britain was imperialistic for many reasons, it could dominate because it had the technology and power to do so.
1200CE. The Tang Dynasty Tales and The Diary of Lady Murasaki helped surface the Chinese
In 1919, Japan had a great amount power at the Versailles Peace Conference. Also, the Peace Treaty confirmed the transfer to Japan of Germany’s rights allowing Japan to obtain territories in Shandong. This resulted in the increase in Nationalism for the Japanese. Towards the end of the period, they had prepared themselves to establish a dominant reign. This reign is over much of Pacific Asia and ready to wage a conquering war against mainland Asia. Thriving from a strong economy and rising military, Japan had risen to an intimidating power leading into World War II. In Addition, Japan emerged as a major power in international politics at the end of
Japan also gained more respect from other countries, that China did not have.
In the middle of the 19th century, despite a few similarities between the initial responses of China and Japan to the West, they later diverged; which ultimately affected and influenced the modernizing development of both countries. At first, both of the Asian nations rejected the ideas which the West had brought upon them, and therefore went through a time period of self-imposed isolation. However, the demands that were soon set by Western imperialism forced them, though in different ways, to reconsider. And, by the end of the 19th century both China and Japan had introduced ‘westernizing’ reforms. China’s aim was to use modern means to retain and preserve their traditional Confucian culture. Whereas Japan, on the other hand, began to successfully mimic Western technology as it pursued modernization, and thus underwent an astounding social upheaval. Hence, by the year 1920, Japan was recognized as one of the world’s superpowers, whereas China was on the edge of anarchy.
Western Influence on Japan Japan, as a nation, is a continually changing society. Ever since Western nations became involved with Japan, its changes over recent times. have increased at a substantial rate. Japan now faces cultural, economic and economic challenges. and social differences as a result of the western involvement.
Today, Japanese and Korean civilizations are advanced, wealthy, and independent with their own system of government and religious beliefs due to the influences from China. The majority of Asia experienced changes in government and dealt with inter and intra state conflicts when the countries were most susceptible to influences from alliances made with other countries. The Tang Dynasty/ Silla alliance shaped the future of Korea’s religious and government movements. Art and literature from China also greatly impacted Korea’s and Japan’s society and provided new insight into literary expression through new forms of poetry and a new system of writing. Religion was also a major influence because of popularity and acceptance of new views and beliefs. Agriculture played an important role in the development of Korean and Japanese civilizations because new tools and forms of irrigation led to more efficient harvesting. The bulk of Chinese influence impacted Japanese society through the Heian period and Korea was heavily influenced by Chinese culture during the period when Silla unified Korea. Although there were many factors of Chinese culture that influenced Korean and Japanese civilizations, religion and government legislation had the most impact.
Then in the 1800's , Europe thrust its way into the heart of the Middle
Isolation gave the Japanese a false sense of security as they viewed themselves as strong enough to repel western advances. This sense of protection from imperialistic maneuvers was abandoned after Commodore Matthew C. Perry’s convoy of American ships singlehandedly brought Japan to its knees. When the Americans arrived in Japan, they came with a series of unfair and demanding trade demands. Consequently, these forced treaties placed on the Japanese gave the Americans, and later, other Western Nations special legal and economic rights such as the assurance that the Japanese would supply food, coal, water and other provisions for American sailors at the ports of Nagasaki, Shimoda and Hakodate . As a result of these treaties, many Japanese citizens felt as though Japan was on a similar path as China, who at the time was a weak and humiliated country and stood as an example of what happens to a once mighty nation if they are unable to repel the advances of Western imperialism. At the time of the Japanese-American treaties China was riddled with social unrest, as the devastating effects of the Taiping rebellion were resulting in huge numbers of deaths and pointed to the weakness and instability of the imperial government. Determined to not meet the same fate as the Chinese and that modernization was the key to survival, a group of mid-level Samurai overthrew the Shogun in 1868 and set Japan on a course of rapid modernization unparalleled in history. This event is now known as the Meiji restoration and it resulted in power being returned to the emperor and his advisers for the first time in centuries. The emperor shook up Japanese society to a dramatic effect in a short period of time by abolishing the feudal system that had been in place for centuries, modernizing the military and
As many people know, Imperialism has shaped the culture and customs all over the world. Imperialism is the dominance of one country over another politically, economically or socially. Western culture can be seen in all parts of the world; from Asia to Africa, to the Indies and the Americans. The downside of having the bits of western culture all over the world, is how it got there. Western influence was forced upon places in Asia, specifically India, Indonesia with a hellacious price; lives and poverty.
The 21st Century has witnessed Asia’s rapid ascent to economic prosperity. As economic gravity shifts from the Western world to the Asian region, the “tyranny of distance [between states, will be] … replaced by the prospects of proximity” in transnational economic, scientific, political, technological, and social develop relationships (Australian Government, 1). Japan and China are the region’s key business exchange partners. Therefore these countries are under obligation to steer the region through the Asian Century by committing to these relationships and as a result create business networks, boost economic performance, and consequently necessitate the adjustment of business processes and resources in order to accommodate each country’s employment relations model (Wiley, Wilkinson, & Young, 2005). Cognizant of the fact that neither Japan nor China has given up on its external (protectionism or parity) adjustment tools, it is posited that they can nonetheless coexist since both “produce different things and in different ways” and as such avoid the cited perilous US and Mexico competition; but due to globalization, the operating environment portends a convergence or divergence of Industrial Relation (ER) strategies between China and Japan (Lipietz, 1997; Zhu & Warner, 2004).
...high power status, Japan had to have a self-reliant industrial common ground and be able to move all human and material resources (S,195). Through the Shogun Revolution of 1868, the abolition of Feudalism in 1871, the activation of the national army in 1873, and the assembly of parliament in 1889, the political system of Japan became westernized (Q,3). Local Labor and commercial assistance from the United States and Europe allowed Japan’s industry to bloom into a developed, modern, industrial nation (Q,3). As a consequence production surplus, and food shortage followed (Q,3). Because of how much it relied on aid of western powers, Japan’s strategic position became especially weak. In an attempt to break off slightly from the aid of the west Japanese leaders believed that it would be essential for Japan to expand beyond its borders to obtain necessary raw materials.
From covering Japan’s perilous imperial rule to analyzing Korea’s ambivalent adoption of democratic governance, Modern East Asia explored a broad range of subjects important for one who aspires to understand Asia holistically. Much time was even spent examining China’s horrid history at the hands of foreign meddling, giving insight into a nation feared as the future #1 economic power of the world. Although we covered a broad range of topics, each was given particular attention, never skipping major events or characters which shaped Asia’s history over the last several hundred years. Essentially, this class provided an open atmosphere for students to learn the intricate history of major Asian countries in addition to sharing ideas on the effectiveness of their pre-modern governance.