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Brief history of computer development
Brief history of computer development
Computer development history
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Insightfully mapping out the technological advancements in software development from its beginnings somewhere in the late 1940’s to the current modern age. There is more than enough compelling evidence that software technology has laid a strong impact on all economic and social aspects of our modern day living. Thus, a systematic approach towards high quality software development is required due to an increasingly quality oriented market and competitive business world. With this intricate dependency on software it has become imperative for software engineers and companies alike to deploy high quality software products. This therefore entails producing software products that are defect-free. A defect can be identified as any imperfection, unsatisfactory condition or an undesired behavior observed by both the management of software industry and their customers. Hence, one of the vital activities of software engineers is to manage defects as they are injected in software during development and rooting out the causes of these defect injections. This document therefore attempts to identify the common causes of software defects with reference to the two main approaches for defect management namely defect detection and defect prevention. The defect detection approach identifies root causes of defects and defect prevention activities avoid the recurrence of defects. By identifying these causes and defects one can implicitly make further recommendations as to which defect management approach is most effective as to mitigating or reducing the occurrence of these defects. Overview of research paradigm On this investigative journey of identifying the “common” causes of defects we are to assume that the injections of certain defects are pre... ... middle of paper ... ...olume 8– No.7, October • T.R.Gopalakrishnan Nair (1) and V. Suma (2010), The Pattern of Software Defects Spanning Across Size Complexity July • T.R.Gopalakrishnan Nair (1) and V. Suma, defect management strategies in Software development, research and industry incubation Centre • T.R.Gopalakrishnan Nair (1) and V. Suma , Four-Step Approach Model of Inspection (FAMI) for Effective Defect Management in Software Development • Suma. V., and T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair (2008), Effective Defect Prevention Approach in Software Process for Achieving Better Quality Levels, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 42 • Khaleel Ahmad, Nitasha Varshney, On Minimizing Software Defects during New Product Development Using Enhanced Preventive Approach (2012), International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2, Issue-5, November
Software design and development is a field that requires various skills and abilities. Companies engaged in the development of software should provide an inclusive work environment where the different strengths of their employees are recognised, utilised and respected. Software development involves far more than programming skills. Personnel are required with strong communication, teamwork, attention to detail, creativity, design and problem-solving skills. Different personnel will possess these skills in varying proportions. It is the job of management to foster and encourage the development and enhancement of skills in the workplace.
Generally, the software projects that failed are evaluated in terms of cost, time, human resources (employees involved in project), Objectives caused to start a project have to be changed. The failure of the software projects may happen at any level sometimes at designing phase, requirements phase, etc. Many researchers, summarized that the main reasons for projects failures are:
Many manufacturers have built products with software instructions embedded onto chips; equipment ranging from fax machines to auto assembly lines could all be affected by the bug. What's the Problem? For many organizations, the Year 2000 Problem has become the most complex project management exercise ever undertaken.
Media reports in January of 2005 detailed severe problems with a $170 million high-profile U.S. government IT systems project. Software testing was one of the five major problem areas according to a report of the commission reviewing the project. In March of 2005 it was decided to scrap the entire project.
1.0 IntroductionIn this report I will be concentrating on the failure of software systems. To understand why software systems fail we need to understand what are software systems. Software systems are a type of information system. This is because a software system is basically a means for hardware to process information. Flynn’s definition of an information system is:"An information system provides procedures to record and make available information, concerning part of an organization, to assist organization-related activities."Humans have been processing information manually for thousands of years, but with the vast increase of demand for knowledge this century has meant that a new method of information processing has been needed. Software systems have provided a new means that is much faster and efficient.
While developing a software many complex activities are required which in turn have dependencies along them. Large software projects require the involvement of programmers, documentation specialists, program managers, architects, database analysts, system analysts, , and trainers and last but not the least testers. Along with their independent responsibilities these persons are also responsible to maintain and keep a check on the software system quality as well.
It is a requirement that every major software development and implementation project includes three key stakeholders. These are enterprise customer, system integrator and software vendors. Most failures of the systems are contributed by these three stakeholders.
Quality is one of the most important components of application development and an integral part of the project process to ensure that errors are not made while
Security vulnerabilities are caused by flaws in code that are exploitable and are not caught before software is released. There are tools available to try and find such vulnerabilities after they have been coded, but these tools are often used after software changes are migrated to the later integration/testing phases of development. Software flaws would be much easier to find early, and less likely to occur at all, if the software is being properly analyzed and tested in a continuous integration environment with tests providing a high level of code coverage. Such a process complements and enhances the value of static analysis tools that scan code for known security flaws. A continuous integration process with high code coverage will: Help reduce security flaws from being added in unexpected
White Paper White Paper on Art of Bug Reporting Nov’15 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Content of BUG 1 3. Important aspect of each field with examples………………………………………………………………………………4 4. Efficient participation in Software Version Control Meetings 5 5.
Given the time, it takes to develop large sophisticated software systems it not possible to define the problem and build the solution in a single step. Requirements will often change throughout a projects development, due to architectural constraints, customer’s needs or a greater understanding of the original problem. Iteration allows greater understanding of a project through successive refinements and addresses a projects highest risk items at every stage of its lifecycle. Ideally each iteration ends up with an executable release – this helps reduce a projects risk profile, allows greater customer feedback and help developers stay focused.
has had a great affect on the software industry. It is a problem that can only
High complexity, invisibility of the product and opportunity to detect the defects provided the uniqueness which will meet the challenges for the development and operation of quality assurance for software. This paper provides a brief introduction to software quality assurance and discuses about the software quality metrics and their limitations.
...times developers may not carry out quality assurance test (which make sure that the software is in pristine condition), and as a result of this, there could be problem with the software. Testing software before it’s rolled out for clients is really important, because it could cause huge losses both for the developer and the client who are going to make use of it. Even though a developer cannot be charged (as long as he is not liable) for bugs that causes damage, but the reputation of the developer comes to stake.
Software development follows a specific life cycle that starts with designing a solution to a problem and implementing it. Software testing is part of this software life cycle that involves verifying if each unit implemented meets the specifications of the design. Even with careful testing of hundreds or thousands of variables and code statements, users of software find bugs. “Software testing is arguably the least understood part of the development process” and is also a “time-consuming process that requires technical sophistication and proper planning” (Whittaker 71) It is important to comprehend this concept by understanding the different characteristics and aspects of software testing, and then to examine the techniques, procedures and tools used to apply this concept. This will enable the user to realize the problems faced by software testers and the importance of software testing.