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Globalization in the world
Globalization in the world
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In financial terms, Exchange Rates (ER) refer to the worth of two different currencies in regards to each other (Sullivan & Sheffrin, 2003), whereas the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to the net inflows of foreign investments. This is so if the investment is to acquire a lasting interest in terms of management where the enterprise that is operating in the specific economy in question is a different entity from the investor (Soltani, 2009).
In recent years there has been an increased understanding as to the forces of the concept and usage of economic globalization. This can only be implemented by the utilization of foreign direct investment by the multinational corporations. This is realized where and when a firm forms its base in one country but locates and or acquires its facilities for production in another country or countries. The realization of this could not have been at a greater time than now when there are conclusive reports that between 1986 through 1999, the GDP of the real world grew by at a rate of 2.5 percent annually whereas its export grew by 17.7 percent. What should be noted is the difference so high that no economic conscious business would fail to recognize (Bernard, Jensen & Schott, 2005).
The importance of foreign direct investments cannot be downplayed by any means. There has however been little research as to the importance of its importance of it in the host countries and or host countries as the concept is still pretty young (Blonigen, 2005). This more so can be contributed to the fact that there has been no real decision as to what triggers foreign direct investments. There has however been undisputed proof that most of the US corporations tend to indulge their businesses to India, China, Malay...
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Grubert, H., & Mutti, J. (1991). Taxes, Tariffs and Transfer Pricing in Multinational Corporate
Decision Making. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 73(2), 285-293. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2109519?origin=crossref
Hines Jr., J. R. (1996). Altered States: Taxes and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment in
America. American Economic Review, 86(5), 1076-1094. National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w4397
Soltani, E. (2009). Foreign Direct Investment. Direct (Vol. 2004, pp. 1-17). Sage Publications,
Inc. Retrieved from http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/23312/
Stevens, G. V. G. (1998). Exchange rates and foreign direct investment: A note, 20(3), 393-401.
Sullivan, A., & Sheffrin, S. M. (2003). Economics: Principles in action (p. 474). Pearson
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21st Century Economics (Vol. 1, pp. 58-59. 163-172. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference.
The real exchange rate tells us the rate at which we can trade the goods of one country for goods from other countries. The real exchange rate some- times referred to as the terms of trade. To view the exchange rate relationship in real terms using the nominal exchange rate, can be taken samples h a goods produced in some countries, such as cars. Suppose the price of the car with 25,000 dollars, while the price of Japanese cars is 4,000,000 yen . To compare the prices of both cars , we have to transform them into a common currency. If one dollar worth of 80 yen , the price of cars Americans to 80 x 25,000, or 2,000,000 yen. By comparing the price of an American car (2,000,000 yen) and the price of Japanese cars (4,000,000 yen), it can be concluded that the price of the American car is half the price of Japanese cars . In other words, pad a price effect we can swap two American cars to get a Japanese car . Peng count can be written as
Sweeney, M. (2010). Foreign direct investment in India and China: The creation of a balanced regime in a globalized economy. Cornell International Law Journal, 43, 207-248. Retrieved from http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/ilj/upload/sweeney.pdf
I found this article "Foreign direct investment: Companies rush in with the cash" on the financial times website (www.FT.com) published December 11, 2002 written by John Thornhill. The reason for choosing this article is my personal interest in the Chinese economy and its attractiveness to the foreign investors. Apart from the foreign direct investment this topic has also helped me in understanding the impact of Chinese economy on the global market.
Rao, S. , P. Sharma, and R. Acharya.Canada–U.S. trade and foreign direct investment patterns. Calgary: Calgary University Press, 2003.
Since foreign aid programs are here to stay, it is important to focus on the enormous potential for foreign aid to be effective. One such way is through augmenting a state’s ability to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI is a good option because it has the potential to be a more long-term solution than pub...
Ott, M. (n.d.). International Capital Flows. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved June 9, 2011, from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/InternationalCapitalFlows.html
Political and legal considerations were given first priority in this analysis with primary emphasis given to whether a country's legal or political system prohibits or impedes foreign investment. If a country's political or legal system discouraged or prevented foreign investment, that country was disqualified from further consideration. Factors considered when assessing the political and legal environment:
We say that we are heading toward a more global economy because of the fact that competition in today’s markets is global. This means that corporations in the United States can compete in foreign markets and vice versa, therefore U.S. corporations and foreign corporations become interdependent and thrive off each other. This can have a good impact on the United States because it allows U.S. corporations to seek materials and labor outside of the U.S. in countries such as China, India, and Mexico, where workers are paid a lot less money than U.S. workers, thus allowing them to sell their products for significantly cheaper than if they were produced in the U.S.; however, the tradeoff is that many American workers in the industrial sector lose jobs due to this shift of labor to overseas. In the long run this will be beneficial for the U.S. and although some percentage of workers are losing work, new jobs in the services sector, in fields such as computer technology, telecommunications, and language skills are opening up and experiencing growth because of this change.
In realising that foreign investments are the key source of the nation’s economic rise, the Chinese government has given special preferences to foreign investors (Financial Express, 2006). This is mostly done through reduction of most favoured nation (MFN) tariff rate. In India, on the other hand, fair competition exists between domestic and foreign investors. Although the Indian government states that it aims to reduce its MFN tariff rate, which currently doubles the rate in China, to other ASEAN country levels, it is in reality a big challenge because a large portion of the nation’s tax revenue comes from customs tariffs (Henley, 2004).
There is no dout that foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a very significant role in economic growth, according to experiences of new industrial countries in Asia. Over a decade of opening for FDI, we could realize that the more FDI inflows pour into our country the more we benefit. In fact, FDI has contributed a great proportion to fulfill targets on socio-economic development plan and has been one of the most important external sources of Vietnam on the process of industrializing and modernizing the country.
Because this rate, along with the nominal, are constantly in use in the global economy, these rates can fluctuate depending on a range of factors ...
Sukar, A., Ahmed, S., & Hassan, S. (n.d.). THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH. Southwestern Economic Review.
The foreign exchange market is one of important mechanism in the international business because foreign exchange is an intermediary for all nations in term of the growth of the economy. There are many functions of foreign exchange market in the global economy. In the international business, it uses the foreign exchange markets in four ways. First, the pay...
Foreign exchange, or Forex, is the conversion of one country's currency into that of another. The value of a country’s currency is set according to factors of supply and demand , if lots of people want to buy one type of currency then its value goes up, which is called appreciating, and if more people are trying to sell it than the value goes down, called depreciating. The value of a country’s currency may be fixed by the country’s government (normally used by smaller countries, who want more