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Psychology perspectives
Psychology perspectives
Psychology perspectives
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Hypnotism
The Encarta Encyclopedia defines hypnosis as,"altered state of
consciousness and heightened responsiveness to suggestion; it may be induced
by normal persons by a variety of methods and has been used occasionally
in medical and psychiatric treatment. Most frequently brought about through
actions of an operator, or "hypnotist", who engages the attention
of a subject and assigns certain tasks to him or her while uttering monotonous,
repetitive verbal commands; such tasks may include muscle relaxation, eye
fixation, and arm leviation. Hypnosis also may be self-induced, by trained
relaxation, concentration on one's own breathing, or by a variety of monotonous
practices and rituals that are found in many mystical, philosophical, and
religious systems." Another generally reliable source Webster's New
Universal Unabridged Dictionary defines it as,"a sleep like condition
psychically induced, usually by another person, in which the subject loses
consciousness but responds, with certain limitations, to the suggestions
of the hypnotist." As I stated earlier, these two sources are very
reputed and the general population believes that they are correct. Yet,
however often they may be correct, in this case they are not, or at least
not completely. Not according to the scientific community at least. My
sources for this statement are The World Book Encyclopedia, The Wizard
from Vienna: Franz Anton Mesmer, Applied Hypnosis: An Overview, American
Medical Journal, and Hypnosis: Is It For You? Although they state it in
different ways they all basically agree that nobody can give a very accurate
definition or description of hypnosis, or hypnosis. Although some may get
the definition partly correct, the chances of doing so completely are very,
very low. So although I will probably not be able to give a totally accurate
account of hypnosis and its workings, I will try. Although evidence suggests
that hypnosis has been practiced in some form or another for several thousand
years, such as in coal walking, the earliest recorded history of hypnosis
begins in 1734. It begins with a man named Franz Anton Mesmer. Although
he was eventually disavowed by the scientific community because of his
unorthodox methods that made him seem more of a mysticist that a scientist,
he is generally known as the father of hypnotism. Mesmer called his methods
Mesmerism, thus the word mesmerize, but the name didn't stick, it later
changed to hypnosis, its name being derived from Hypnos, the Greek god
of sleep. He believed that hypnosis was reached by using a person's "animal
magnetism". He used "mesmerism" to cure illness. In 1795
an English physician named James Braid, who was originally opposed to Mesmer's
methods became interested. He believed that cures were not due to animal
Wade Davis’ article, Among the Waorani, provides much of the content brought to light in Nomads of the Rainforest. His article delves deeper into their culture and motivations allowing one to more fully understand their beliefs, relationships, and savagery. Both the documentary and article attempt to create a picture of their close-knit relationships and their desire f...
The reduction in photosynthesising biomass led to an increased reliance on the Worlds other carbon sink, Oceans. Between 26-44% of CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by oceans by photosynthesising organisms, mainly phytoplankton (Archer, D. and Pierrehumbert, R., 2011), seawater chemically reacts with aqueous Carbon Dioxide, one of the end products is Hydrogen ions (H+) (NOAA, 2013). The increased concentration of H+ results in the ocean becoming more acidic, since pH is determined by concentration of Hydrogen ions.
Over the past weeks we have learned a lot of new things. I learned about different races, ethnicities, and cultures. The world would not be the same if everyone was the same race and it is a great thing to learn about everyone and where they are from, and where they have come from. Everyone is different in their own way and it is our duty to accept everyone as a whole. I am going to talk about the social construct of race today, some of our readings, and a lot of our discussions that are always fun.
The facts bear out the conclusion that the way healthcare in this country is distributed is flawed. It causes us to lose money, productivity, and unjustly leaves too many people struggling for what Thomas Jefferson realized was fundamental. Among industrialized countries, America holds the unique position of not having any form of universal health care. This should lead Americans to ask why the health of its citizens is “less equal” than the health of a European.
Although Science and Pseudoscience are evidently two completely different topics, what is considered to be classified as a Science or Pseudoscience is a controversy topic that’s still being debated today. While science builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world through the scientific method, pseudoscience is a claim, belief or practice which is presented as science, but lacks support of evidence and cannot be reliably tested. Hypnosis is one topic several psychologists and those in the field of science are seemingly still debating today, in result to its several different uses. Although hypnosis is shown to work when dealing with certain phenomena’s like stress, there are several uses it is considered to be very ineffective and simply not a science.
In recent years, the number of Americans who are uninsured has reached over 45 million citizens, with millions more who only have the very basic of insurance, effectively under insured. With the growing budget cuts to medicaid and the decreasing amount of employers cutting back on their health insurance options, more and more americans are put into positions with poor health care or no access to it at all. At the heart of the issue stems two roots, one concerning the morality of universal health care and the other concerning the economic effects. Many believe that health care reform at a national level is impossible or impractical, and so for too long now our citizens have stood by as our flawed health-care system has transformed into an unfixable mess. The good that universal healthcare would bring to our nation far outweighs the bad, however, so, sooner rather than later, it is important for us to strive towards a society where all people have access to healthcare.
A technique made up of a series of instructions and suggestions that place a person in a trancelike state of mind, possessing similarities to being asleep. Only, in this trance a person is able to hear and respond to questions or suggestions, these states are otherwise known as hypnosis. However, when it is combined with hypnotic suggestion and therapeutic understanding, it is then referred to as hypnotherapy. This alternative treatment therapy has proven to be beneficial in many circumstances. A few of these being, pain management, anxiety, the cessation of smoking, weight control and many other physiological and psychological circumstances. Over time hypnotherapy has proven to be helpful in treating a wide range of health conditions, not only medical patients but as well as nonmedical ones.
As CO2 is absorbed into the ocean, it undergoes a chemical reaction that creates an unfavorable environment for many marine organisms. Carbon dioxide reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid then rapidly dissolves to form hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). The ocean is naturally saturated with carbonate ions (CO3−2) whic...
The ocean has always absorbed CO2 from the air. An article presented in Nature August 2012 enlightens that about half of all CO2 generated by human is absorbed by the ocean. This chemical reaction is occurring naturally and the rate at which carbon is being absorbed, the concentration of carbonic acid is increasing. This has overwhelming concerns, particularly for shelled creatures. Animals such as corals, crabs, and calms need calcium carbonate to build their shells. Calcium Carbonate is dissolved by carbonic acid and consequently these animals are incapable of maintaining casings of calcium. Bio geosciences in 2010, suggested that carbon confiscation by oceans and land is lessening, which has the potential to further worsen the impact of carbon emissions.
Meditation is an age-old practice that has renewed itself in many different cultures and times. Despite its age, however, there remains a mystery and some ambiguity as to what it is, or even how one performs it. The practice and tradition of meditation dates back thousands of years having appeared in many eastern traditions. Meditation’s ancient roots cloud its origins from being attributed to a sole inventor or religion, though Bon, Hindu, Shinto, Dao, and later, Buddhism are responsible for its development. Its practice has permeated almost all major world religions, but under different names. It has become a practice without borders, influencing millions with its tranquil and healing effects.
Mrs. Who dresses appropriately, well groomed, and appears to be well-developed and nourished: height is 170 cm, weight 74.3 kg, with BMI of 25.7; temperature 37.1, pulse 72 regular, respiratory 16 at ease, blood pressure 128/66, O2sat 99% RA. On examination, her head, eyes, ears, nose and throat are normal; auscultation of the heart with normal S1 and S2 without murmurs, extra sounds, or carotid bruits; JVP without extension; peripheral vascular exam are normal; extremities warm without edema; auscultation of lungs with good air entry bilaterally without adventitious sounds, vesicular throughout; abdominal and urinary exam are negative for pain, mass, and function. Neurologically, she is alert and oriented to time, place and person; mentation
The major composition of the ocean chemistry that is affected by atmospheric CO2 are understood for the most part and can be calculated accurately. However there is much uncertainty of the biological effects caused by ocean acidification and how it will vary amongst organisms; some may cope better than others. Even though the research on ocean acidification is still very young, there is already evidence of biological impacts due to changes in the chemistry of the ocean. The greatest evidence of the impactions of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems can be seen in experiments on calcifying organisms. When seawater is acidified to various amounts the formation and dissolution of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons in marine organisms such as reef-building corals, oysters and mussels, and phytoplankton and zooplankton which for the base for marine food webs (“Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy…”,
Some studies have found “that atmospheric CO2 concentration is approximately 383 parts per million by volume (ppmv), a level not seen in at least 650,000 years, and it is projected to increase by 0.5% per year throughout the 21st century.” (Guinotte) “This is because…the ocean absorbs about a third of fossil fuel emissions, but this amount is likely to increase to 90% in the future.” (Bralower) As a result, “the chemistry of the world's oceans is changing at a rate not seen for 65 million years, with far-reaching implications for marine biodiversity and food security, according to a new United Nations study...” (Knight) “…This change is cause for serious concern [for] many marine organisms…, [because they] may not be able to adapt quickly enough to survive these changes.” (Guinotte)
Enzymes have been used in research, mainly because of their ability to facilitate reactions without being changed themselves as well as their ability to speed up these reactions, which would otherwise take a much longer period of time to complete. And it is these two features that compel me to conduct further research into the applications of enzymes.
Since the 18th century Industrial Revolution, approximately 1.6 trillion tons of carbon dioxide have been added to the atmosphere through the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation (Harrould-Kolieb and Herr 378). The world’s oceans have absorbed approximately 30% of that carbon dioxide. This absorption has been beneficial in keeping that 30% out of the atmosphere, where it causes Climate Change, but it has a negative impact on water quality. When carbon dioxide reacts with water, it forms carbonic acid. In the oceans, carbonic acid releases hydrogen ions which increase the acidity of the water. Because of human action, the acidity of the ocean has risen 30% since pre-industrial times and by 2050 ocean acidity is projected to be the highest in 20 million years (Harrould-Kolieb and Herr 379).