There is no definition of a robot that satisfies everybody. International standard ISO 8373 defines a "robot" as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications. This definition works well for ISO's main concern, industrial robotics, but it doesn't really take care of other realms. Joseph Engelberger, a literal pioneer in industrial robotics, once said, "I can't define a robot, but I know one when I see one." Robots can also be defined in a different way. A robot can be described as a mechanical or virtual, artificial agent, where an agent is defined as one who exerts power, or one who has the power to act, and as some kind of automatic process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans. We can see how this definition fits industrial robots, CNC machine tools, hazardous location robots, and other mechatronic devices that help us in our daily lives. Everyone also has seen science fiction films where robots walk and talk like humans, make intelligent decisions based on infallible logic, and carry out tasks on their own volition. Until recently, this has been science fiction for the most part.
Between 1937 and 1938, Westinghouse produced a humanoid robot for the 1939 New York world fair called Elektro. Elektro could walk by voice command, talk (using a 78-rpm record player), smoke cigarettes, blow up balloons, and move its head and arms. It also had photoreactive eyes that could differentiate between red and green light. Realistically though, this robot was useless, and as such in the 1960's its head was given to a retiring engineer and its body was sold for scrap. Humanoid robots were all about the same until the early 1970's.
The Wabot-1, developed at Waseda University between 1970 and 1973, is known as the first (real) humanoid robot in the world. Considering this machine was born in the very early 70's, its announced abilities were actually somewhat impressive. The Wabot had a humanoid structure including somewhat working legs, gripping hands with tactile sensors, and "artificial intelligence" systems that made it comparable to a one-and-half-year-old child, as stated at the time. Its artificially intelligent interaction systems actually only included a very primitive communication system (speech synthesis, speech recognition) and a visual system. It was able to "communicate" in Japanese.
But, Sparrow (2007) argues that the robot is hardly to be the one, because generally, there is no morality in machines, which is the most important to be responsible (Anderson & Waxman, 2013). And, as the requirement for something or someone to have responsibility is, they should be able to be punished and rewarded based on their action (Sparrow, 2007; Klein, 1995; Eshleman, 2002). Sparrow (2007) describes in his article that the robot which has ‘intelligent’ behavior will have internal motivation in order pursuing its goals, and when the goals can be achieved, this cognitive states will make them able to be rewarded or if it fails then the robot will feel frustration as it receives punishment. Moreover, because of its intellectual capacities, as technology advances, autonomous robot may able to imitate human behavior (Sparrow, 2007; Coeckelbergh, 2010). Hence, it could be punished similar with the way when human cause war crimes, for instances with electrocuting, imprisoning, or destroying it (Sparrow, 2007).
In addition, “If we let it.” is a quite important point and concession on robot this issue. What we are thinking of about robots — the advantages and the disadvantages — all these things are under the circumstances of we human let these robots exist in our future. If we do not allow these robots enter our lives from now on, there will be no more concerns over this
Robots are made out of metal, plastic, aluminum, gears, bolts, wheels, sensors, memory chips, and other gadgets.
Robots are made to run without flaws and can outperform the average worker. This is because there are fewer employees working that need to get paid. This is not a good thing as it might seem. In China, robots almost completely replace human workers to save money.
The science behind humanlike robots is advancing. They are becoming more smart, mobile and autonom...
Introduction Many are disturbed by the appearance of near human looking robots. Since I have a personal interest in robotics, I find this topic fascinating, so I set out to discover why this phenomenon exists. It is called the Uncanny Valley and is coined by the famed roboticist Masahiro Mori. The closer a robot resembles a human being, the more horrifying the average person finds it. If the robot is indistinguishable from a human, people are content and there is no more revulsion.
Moreover, people belonging to different age groups, for instance, young or elderly people held opposing views in their perception of domestic robot. Young people were more inspiring and had strong attraction towards robots whereas elderly people were fear of their autonomy and malfunctioning. So, young people prefer to have humanoid robots for companionship whereas elderly people want them to looklike machines and capable of doing their tasks perfectly. Hence, people have great expectations from domestic robots. They expect that robots assist or accompany them in their busy lives but should be under their full-control and intelligent as they do not want to get in any kind of trouble.
I don’t think there is any reason for these robots to have every ability that a human does. There is no way they are going to have the intelligence a human does. Artificial Intelligence is just going to bring more harm into our communities. We can’t trust the robots doing the “everyday” human activities, they are going to lead to unemployment, and will lead to laziness causing more obesity.
Today, the number of robots in the world is approaching 1,000,000. The confluence of various advanced and improved technologies is bringing the age of robotic technology ever cheaper, nearer, smaller and cost effective. There are three aspects of any robot which are brawn, bone and brain. Brawn means the strength relating to physical payload that a robot can move. Next, bone stands for the physical structure of a robot relative to the task it does. This determines the weight and size that the robot in relation to its physical payload. Lastly, brain indicates the robotic intelligence which means how it can think and do independently and how much manual interaction is needed. There are many products that utilize the robotic technologies around us today such as ATMs machines, automated gas pumps, self service checkout lanes and so on. The potential product of utilizing robotic technology such as humanoid robotics is an emerging research field that will become increasingly important to help human beings in their daily lives. Some of the potential products of using robotics technology are mentioned below:
One of the first robots was thought up by Leonardo Da Vinci. It was only a sketch of a mechanical knight, who was able to sit up, wave his arms, and move his head and jaws. It was unknown if he attempted to build it. Other automatons have also been created through history, but in 1926, Westinghouse Electric Corporation created the first robot to be used for work, Televox. The first autonomous robot was created in 1948 to 1949 by William Grey Walter, which could sense light and touch, and they moved around without human guidance. Finally, the first industrial robot was called Unimate, and it was used by General Motors to lift hot pieces of metal and stack them.
Through a robot body, one can utilize AI algorithms to portray individual thinking. The first general purpose robot is called Shakey. Developed at the Stanford Research Institute from 1966 to 1972, Shakey was the first robot to think in advance. For example, Shakey was able to understand a command such as turn off a light switch in a particular room. The robot would go through a corridor, find the room and then locate and turn off a light switch. Shakey could complete an action without the need of step-by-step instructions. The LISP software was used to program Shakey. The development of Shakey advanced AI concepts from the invention of the A search algorithm to the understanding of the full capabilities of robots. Shakey raised the public’s awareness of computer science and artificial intelligence in the 1970s. Shakey moved public thoughts to questioning what machines could and will do in the future. (Artificial Intelligence and Robotics , 2015) To further the public’s thoughts about machine intelligence is IBM’s Deep Blue Computer. Deep Blue won a chess competition against famous chess champion Garry Kasparov. Deep Blue’s win was one of the first real instances of the competition of humans versus
The two very influential articles in this essay, by Eaton, 2015 as well as Veruggio and Operto, 2008, have debated on the engineering perspectives of humanoid robots. Therefore, analyzing the outcomes of giving these humanoid robots the advanced skills and mechanisms, with the intelligence and body structure replicated from humans. Nevertheless, the journals have stated that this modified artificial intelligence may possibly also enable the humanoid robots to be more skillful and advanced then humans. Scalzone, Tamburrini, 2012, as well as Veruggio and Operto, 2008, have theories stating that humanoid robots without any doubt would follow commands and could be lethal weapons whilst in battles. The aim of this essay was to combine research articles and perceive the future existence of humanoid robots. Thus, the enquiry was about if humanoid robots could replace human soldiers and after the conduction of this research essay, it can be said there is a future for humanoid robots and the idea of these robots replacing human soldiers has already been put into
One of the earliest known researchers of robotics was Greek inventor and physicist Ctesibus. Ctesibus had a big breakthrough when he created a mechanical clock that was run by water. Up until his invention the Greeks used hourglasses which had to be turned over and that was a hassle. The Greeks were fascinated with
With the development of technology in the world, people are faced with many things they never saw and knew before. In this modern life, technology has affected a lot of people’s lives in many levels. Robots are considered as important products of technology. Robots were introduced by a writer, Karel Čapek, from the Czech word, robota, meaning “forced labor” or “serf”. Čapek used this word in his play, R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) which opened in Prague in January, 1921, a play in which an Englishman named Rossum mass-produced automata. The automata, robots, are meant to do the world’s work and to make a better life for humans; but in the end they rebel, wipe out humanity, and start a new race of intelligent life for the robots themselves (Asimov, 1984). Robot does not have a specific definition itself, every dictionary has a slightly different definition. “Deciding if a machine is or is not a robot is like trying to decide if a certain shade of greenish blue is truly blue or not blue,” said Carlo Bertocchini, the owner of RobotBooks.com. “Some people will call it blue while others will vote not blue,” (Branwyn, 2004). This essay will limit the meaning of robot as what defined in the Merriam Webster Dictionary (2004), robot is a machine that looks and acts like a human being, an efficient but insensitive person, a device that automatically performs especially repetitive tasks, and something guided by automatic controls. As the technology grows more modern each day, scientists and programmers are creating and improving the function of robots. Nevertheless, many people are still debating should robots be developed more and should robots be used in everyday life. I disagree that the further development of robots should be remain...
A robots replacing humans? Robots are already in our life, a computer is a stationary robot, phones and many more can be considered robots. However, I think that robots can never replace humans because unlike humans robots can only follow the commands that they are programmed. A robot can be consider a partial human or rather a human that lives on the past. They cannot adopt to new conditions and that’s what makes them far away from humanity. What makes a robot similar to humans is the fact that it is made by humans. It is just the product of made by men. It is a way that shows how smart humans are. It is a combination of all human developments and discoveries. Robots are made to help humans however they can replace them because