Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
In vitro fertilization research topics
In vitro fertilization research topics
In-vitro fertilization INTRODUCTION
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: In vitro fertilization research topics
Human Reproduction Should Not be Controlled
There are many ways that human reproduction can be controlled either
for better or for worse. One of the ways of controlling human
reproduction is with in vitro fertilisation (IVF), this is widely used
across the country for various reasons, for example IVF can be used to
help infertile couples, single women, gay couples and many others to
have children.
IVF is quite a long process that has become more successful and
popular in recent years. The process involves the women's ovaries
being stimulated with hormones such as FSH (follicles stimulating
hormone) or HMG (human menopausal gonadotrophin) so as to make sure
that she produces several eggs, which means that there will be more
eggs available to be collected. The eggs are removed from the ovaries
using a special needle. On the same day that the egg is retrieved a
semen sample is collected form the man. After they have both been
collected the sperm are added to the eggs and then left to incubate
over night. If fertilisation occurs they will be left for a few days
in the laboratory to be observed before being placed into the women's
uterus. Sometimes additional eggs can be kept and frozen for use later
on.
Before the eggs are implanted back into the mother's uterus there are
a number of things that can be done to manipulate the outcome. It is
now possible to select the sex of a child before it is born but this
is a very controversial area and isn't commonly practised. However it
can be done in a clinic in America for a few thousand dollars.
There are many techniques used to determine the sex of the child. Male
and female sperms...
... middle of paper ...
...hursday 6th January 2000 transcript
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/1999/designer_babies.script.
shtml
Technique of PGD-
-----------------
http://www.healthlibrary.com/pgd/pgdtech.htm
CNN interactive:Researchers report success with sex-selection method-
http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9809/09/baby.sex.02/#2
Controlling The Human Genome, By Angela Fouch-
http://helium.vancouver.wsu.edu/~fouch/genome.htm
Health gene stories: Genetic selection in order to treat older child-
http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/genes/road/adulthood/passing_geneticselection.shtml
Go-ahead for 'designer baby'-
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1836523.stm
Genetics & IVF Institute, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis-
http://www.givf.com/pgt_sepv.cfm
Microsort gender selection-
http://www.microsort.com/
Many parents do in fact have desires related to their children that with sex selection could come to fruition, however using a child solely as an end seems unreasonable . Savulescu argues that if parents “love their child as an end itself” that any other desires, such as a father wanting a male child because he loves boys that play sports, that sex selection could facilitate would do no harm since it is ok for some of the “means” of having a child to be fulfilled.
The Progressive Era was a period of social and political reform beginning in the post Gilded Age 19th century and lasting through WWI. Industrial and urban growth of early 19th century America while representative of opportunity and future advancement simultaneously posed many difficulties for working class citizens. Prior concerns over the conditions of working class citizens were multiplied and magnified by overpopulated and impoverished urban communities. During this era many new Progressive agendas were introduced with the goal of reforming dated and unregulated policies, the most prominent of these, the birth control movement. The documents from chapter six of Constructing the American Past show that at its core, the birth control debate was a multifaceted social dispute with, religious political and racial influences.
A gynaecologist can easily perform an ultrasound and tell parents what gender to expect their child to be. Reasonably, parents have the choice to learn the gender or to keep it a surprise. However, For parents to know they are expecting a daughter by chance or for them to choose that they want a daughter are two different cases. There are a variety of methods that allow parents to choose the gender of their child. In some cases, there may be fear of passing down a sex-linked genetic disease and so a certain gender may be preferred to protect the child’s health. However, a contentious issue is whether or not gender selection for non-medical reasons is ethically defensible. There are three positions that one could take: gender selection can never, sometimes, or always be ethically defended. In this paper, I intend to argue that gender selection is always permissible.
I do not believe there should be limitations on abortions. In my personally beliefs the government should not tell a woman what she can and can not do with their bodies. If a female decides to have a baby the choice whether to keep it or not should be up to her and her alone. Who is the government to tell a female she can not have an abortion, or put restrictions on having abortions? What is next are they going to limit the amount of children a female can have like they do in China? Why stop at females what kind of laws they going to be put against men. With the Patriotic law and our government spying on us is that not enough why tell females about abortions. Did the Women’s movement of the 1970s mean nothing at all if men still are going to tell females what to do? I wonder what is next are they going to turn over the 19th Amendment that allows women to vote. The government has entirely to much power over our lives. The Supreme Court decision in Roe V. Wade made it possible for a woman to have an abortion. Prior to the decision many women were dying performing illegal abortions all because they could not have a legal one. Studies show that prior to Roe V. Wade they were many unwanted pregnancies in America. According to The New York Daily News article entitled “Do People agree with Abortion” a staggering 89% of people agree that the government should not put limits on abortions. Another poll shows that 1% of all abortions occur because of rape or incest; 6% of abortions occur because of potential health problems regarding either the mother or child. According to the website The Center for Bio-Ethical Reform many women have abortions for life or death purposes. The government wants the citizens to believe they have abortions because it is legal and the women take advantage of that.
No other element of the Women’s Rights Movement has generated as much controversy as the debate over reproductive rights. As the movement gained momentum so did the demand for birth control, sex education, family planning and the repeal of all abortion laws. On January 22, 1973 the Supreme Court handed down the Roe v. Wade decision which declared abortion "fundamental right.” The ruling recognized the right of the individual “to be free from unwanted governmental intrusion into matters so fundamentally affecting a person as the right of a woman to decide whether or not to terminate her pregnancy.” (US Supreme Court, 1973) This federal-level ruling took effect, legalizing abortion for all women nationwide.
parents the oportunity to select the pysical characteristic of the baby. All these are true, but this
As women, it is important to remember that the reproductive freedoms we now have can be easily taken away. Some people take for granted the accessibility to birth control, condoms, and abortion. President Bush has initiated policies since coming into office that threaten women’s choices. As the Bush administration takes over, it is important for women and men to come together to support women’s rights. “Bush is setting a tone for anti-choice legislation, so I expect that any legislator who is anti-choice will put something in this year,” said Jessica Morgan, president of the Baltimore chapter of the National Organization for Women (Koenig, B2). Legislative, executive, and judicial action can very possibly come together during this administration to limit or eliminate women’s reproductive freedom.
The matter of human reproductive cloning is a complex topic, in which there are many issues that must be addressed before any actions take place. Any decision based on reproductive cloning will not be clear-cut, and instead will host a multitude of ideas. In this paper, I will determine, through philosophical thinking, if human reproductive cloning is morally appropriate.
Leave Human Cloning to Mother Nature. It's been three years since the birth of Dolly, the world's first successfully cloned animal. The announcement of her birth brought about much ado and sparked many debates concerning the morality of cloning. In the three years since Dolly was created, the debate over cloning has swelled and receded, but has never been put to rest.
To begin with, gender must be examined at the basic level of science in regard to physical and biological development of humans. We all understand the physical differences between the male and female gender, but how is our sex actually determined. After conception,
The main problem in the world is inevitable abortion. Because it is about morality; which people tend pay more attention. Nowadays, Abortion is a controversial problem as people think of appropriateness. However, Abortion is necessary in many cases. Three main reasons why abortion should be banned are condition that women are not pregnancy, health problem in mother, and social problem.
A mother kills her unborn child because it is unwanted, but she's not charged for murder. Is it right? There is about 46 million abortions per year worldwide, and approximately 115,000 per day, but why? Is it because rape or incest, health problems with either the mother or the child, or just because the baby's unwanted or inconvenient at the time? (The Alan Guttmacher Institute.) Abortion should be banned because too many babies are being killed from abortion, if you don't want a child you could always put it up for adoption, and most mothers don't understand the consequences that occur from abortion.
Determining whether to divulge the gender of a child should be a personal choice. Society should not dictate whether one chooses to disclose the sex of their child. At conception, the gender is determined by chromosome characteristics and it will be the male (male semen) that dictates whether the baby will be a boy or girl. Nowhere in any literature that has been read or published that it states that “society” is the determining factor whether a girl or boy will be conceived. Society suggests that knowing the gender is routine, but what may be considered routine for some is not necessarily customary for all. If one chooses to stray away from what is considered to be “normal” it poses or present an issue. Individuals are instantaneously met with opposition or back lash due to nondisclosure of the sex of their child whether it is unborn or born. A typical argument would be as to what color clothing to bring for the unborn or born child, should one bring pink or blu...
Many verses throughout the Hindu canon affirm that the sex of the living entity is determined at the time of conception. They state that if the male sexual fluids (sukra) predominate at the moment of conception the child will be male, and if the female sexual fluids (sonita) predominate the child will be female. If both are equal, either male and female twins or a child of the third sex will be the
For centuries there had been one sex that dominated the development of society. Laws, religion and lifestyle all revolved around the idea that one sex, the male sex, was dominant. Oppressed and considered inferior, women would obey the men, forgo all rights and accept all responsibility. Only recently, with the emergence of the women’s liberation movement, have both sexes been considered equal. For the first time in human history, both sexes have been given the chance to fulfill their potentials without discrimination. Parents, despite preferences of having a girl, or a boy, have known that regardless, their child would have an equal opportunity at life. The cutting edge technology, however, means that all this could change. The ability of parents to actually select the gender of their child could have not only devastating effects on society, but on the lives of so many children and parents. Whether parents had a girl or a boy has always been left up to nature to decide. To date, no-one has dared interfere with the genetic workings of the body, mainly because the technology did not exist to do it. Now, with the dawn of the twenty-first century, that technology has arrived and mankind is faced with a very important decision: whether or not to “play God” and manipulate the gender of their child to suit their preferences. The romance of having the perfect nuclear family, with two boys and two girls’ fills the heads of young couples everywhere, and when given the opportunity, m...