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Ethical dilemmas of legalizing organ sales
Essays about illegal organ trade
Selling organs ethical issues
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The trade in organs for transplantation is a growing moral and ethical issue that is facing society today. The demand for body parts outstrips supply and this situation has given rise to calls for organ trade to be legalized and therefore properly regulated.
I believe the trade in human body organs is critical to human dignity for a variety of reasons. Dignity is concerned with the feelings of people, their thoughts and behavior in relation to the worth of themselves and others (Royal College of Nursing, 2008). People have and ought to treat each other with dignity just by virtue of being a member of the human race and based on possession of one or more human capabilities. Human can either possess or lose dignity through a sense of self worth
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The proposal is that any legal prohibition against selling kidneys be removed. The authors do not advocates for a free for all system but a regulated system where people will sell their kidney to a central agency which will then organize the transplantation of kidneys to the needy. The recipients won’t be able to buy kidneys direct from sellers. There are certain advantages and disadvantages resulting from such a proposal. One compelling argument for allowing legal kidney sales is that the authors believe that it will result in the number of kidneys and other organ tissues available for transplant increasing thereby saving lives. One of the views that I can deduce from perspective 1 is that every human being has a basic right to control their own life. This implies that the respect for human dignity and autonomy calls for a respect for each individual’s decisions. According to Wilkinson (2012), every adult human being of sound mind has the capacity to decide what can and should be done with his or her own body. Freedom of choice and capacity to make autonomous decisions is one of the values that people possess by virtue of being human. Such an understanding of human dignity can be categorized as being in quadrant 1B. As the trade in organs considered morally reprehensible, the sellers of kidneys are likely to lose their dignity in …show more content…
The issue was explored by considering two perspectives to organ trading, that is, the first perspective advocates for allowing a regulated trade in human body organs whilst the second perspective seeks to ban human organ trading. The essay illustrates the importance of considering human dignity as being multidimensional as humans are rational and spiritual beings who live in social settings, have interpersonal relationships, and have moral standards that have evolved over generations. Therefore, any attempts to increase the supply of human body organs have to evaluate the effects of such measures on human
“Organ Sales Will Save Lives” by Joanna MacKay be an essay that started with a scenario that there are people who died just to buy a kidney, also, thousands of people are dying to sell a kidney. The author stood on her point that governments should therefore stop banning the sale of human organs, she further suggests that it should be regulated. She clearly points that life should be saved and not wasted. Dialysis in no way could possibly heal or make the patient well. Aside from its harshness and being expensive, it could also add stress to the patient. Kidney transplant procedure is the safest way to give hope to this hopelessness. By the improved and reliable machines, transplants can be safe—keeping away from complications. Regulating
Joanna MacKay says in her essay, Organ Sales Will Save Lives, that “Lives should not be wasted; they should be saved.” Many people probably never think about donating organs, other than filling out the paper work for their drivers’ license. A reasonable amount of people check ‘yes’ to donate what’s left of their bodies so others may benefit from it or even be able to save a life. On the other hand, what about selling an organ instead of donating one? In MacKay’s essay, she goes more in depth about selling organs. Honestly, I did not really have an opinion on organ sales, I just knew little about it. Nonetheless, after I studied her essay, I feel like I absolutely agreed with her. She argues that the sale of human organs should be authorized. Some crucial features in an argument consist of a clear and arguable position, necessary background information, and convincing evidence.
Yearly, thousands die from not receiving the organs needed to help save their lives; Anthony Gregory raises the question to why organ sales are deemed illegal in his piece “Why legalizing organ sales would help to save lives, end violence”, which was published in The Atlantic in November of 2011. Anthony Gregory has written hundreds of articles for magazines and newspapers, amongst the hundreds of articles is his piece on the selling of organs. Gregory states “Donors of blood, semen, and eggs, and volunteers for medical trials, are often compensated. Why not apply the same principle to organs? (p 451, para 2)”. The preceding quote allows and proposes readers to ponder on the thought of there being an organ
First of all, we can assess issues concerning the donor. For example, is it ever ethically acceptable to weaken one person’s body to benefit another? It has to be said that the practiced procedures are not conducted in the safest of ways, which can lead to complications for both donors and recipients (Delmonico 1416). There are also questions concerning of informed consent: involved donors are not always properly informed about the procedure and are certainly not always competent to the point of fully grasping the situation (Greenberg 240). Moral dilemmas arise for the organ recipient as well. For instance, how is it morally justifiable to seek and purchase organs in foreign countries? Is it morally acceptable to put oneself in a dangerous situation in order to receive a new organ? Some serious safety issues are neglected in such transactions since the procedures sometimes take place in unregulated clinics (Shimazono 959). There is also the concept of right to health involved in this case (Loriggio). Does someone’s right to health have more value than someone else’s? Does having more money than someone else put your rights above theirs? All of these questions have critical consequences when put into the context of transplant tourism and the foreign organ trade. The answers to these questions are all taken into account when answering if it is morally justifiable to purchase
It is said that “Some agree with Pope John Paul II that the selling of organs is morally wrong and violates “the dignity of the human person” (qtd. In Finkel 26), but this is a belief professed by healthy and affluent individuals” (158). MacKay is using ethos the show the morality of those that believe it is wrong for organ sales. The morals shown are those of people who have yet to experience a situation of needing a new organ. Having a healthy and wealthy lifestyle, they cannot relate to those that have trouble with money and a unhealthy lifestyle as the poor. The poor and the middle class are the ones that suffer being last on the list for a transplant, thus have different ethics. Paying an absurd amount of money and still having to be at the bottom of the list for a transplant, is something no person anywhere in the world should have to
Death is an unavoidable factor in life. We are all expected to die, but for some of the people the end does not have to come too soon. Joanna MacKay in her article Organ Sales Will Save discuss how the legalization of the organs sale, possesses the capability of saving thousands of lives. MacKay in her thesis stipulates that the government should not ban the human organs sale rather they should regulate it (MacKay, 2004). The thesis statement has been supported by various assertions with the major one being that it shall save lives. The author argues that with the legalized sale of organs, more people would be eager to donate their kidneys.
In Mackay’s article, “the selling of organs is morally wrong and violates the dignity of the human person”. Most likely, this statement was believed by a healthy individual not in need of a vital organ to save their life. We often think that morals and ethics apply to our daily lives but when fear gets in the way of all of that, what do we stand for? How can we face death with a straight perception if we know a way to keep us from dying? Some might say that it is immoral and that the sales only benefit the rich. Mackay explains how “it only helps the rich but exploits the poorer people of third world countries”. If a person is going to such extreme measure, would it be moral to be done out of the goodness of their heart instead of the reason to gain a certain lump of money? With all of that said, we always hear a saying that “you cant put a price on your life” but in this situation, Mackay clearly proves
Organ sales and donation are a controversial topic that many individuals cannot seem to agree upon. However, if someone close; a family member, friend, or someone important in life needed a transplant, would that mindset change? There are over one hundred and nineteen thousand men, women, and children currently waiting on the transplant list, and twenty-two of them die each day waiting for a transplant (Organ, 2015). The numbers do not lie. Something needs to be done to ensure a second chance at life for these individuals. Unfortunately, organ sales are illegal per federal law and deemed immoral. Why is it the government’s choice what individuals do with their own body? Organ sales can be considered an ethical practice when all sides of the story are examined. There are a few meanings to the word ethical in this situation; first, it would boost the supply for the
In 1954, the first organ transplant was conducted successfully in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) Nowadays, the technology of organ transplant has greatly advanced and operations are carried out every day around the world. According to current system, organ sales are strictly prohibited in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) However, the donor waiting list in the United States has doubled in the last decade and the average waiting time for a kidney is also increasing. (Clemmons, 2009) In the year 2007, over 70,000 patients were on the waiting list for a kidney and nearly 4500 of them died during the waiting period. In contrast to the increasing demand for kidney, organ donation has been in a decrease. (Wolfe, Merion, Roys, & Port, 2009) Even the government puts in great effot to increase donation incentives, the gap between supply and demand of organs still widens. In addition, the technology of therapeutic cloning is still not mature and many obstacles are met by scientists. (Clemmons, 2009) Hence, it is clear that a government regulated kidney market with clear legislation and quality control is the best solution to solve the kidney shortage problem since it improves the lives of both vendors and patients.
Throughout history physicians have faced numerous ethical dilemmas and as medical knowledge and technology have increased so has the number of these dilemmas. Organ transplants are a subject that many individuals do not think about until they or a family member face the possibility of requiring one. Within clinical ethics the subject of organ transplants and the extent to which an individual should go to obtain one remains highly contentious. Should individuals be allowed to advertise or pay for organs? Society today allows those who can afford to pay for services the ability to obtain whatever they need or want while those who cannot afford to pay do without. By allowing individuals to shop for organs the medical profession’s ethical belief in equal medical care for every individual regardless of their ability to pay for the service is severely violated (Caplan, 2004).
In conclusion, although there are some valid reasons to support the creation of an organ market based on the principles of beneficence and autonomy, there are also many overriding reasons against the market. Allowing the existence of organ markets would theoretically increase the number of organ transplants by living donors, but the negative results that these organ markets will have on society are too grave. Thus, the usage of justice and nonmaleficence as guiding ethical principles precisely restricts the creation of the organ market as an ethical system.
There is a shortage of human organs used for transplants that spans across the world. Most people may think that the shortage on effects foreign countries, but it is also a huge issue here in the United States. This shortage is caused by the lack of individuals that are actually donating their organs and also because the government officials have made it illegal to sale and purchase human organ. The selling of human organs is considered to be illegal in every country except Iran, and Iranians have solved their organ shortage by legalizing sales. ( Black, 1986) Even though the selling of organs are extremely illegal and by doing so this violates the 1984 U.S. law that banned the sales of human organs. (Dodge, 1994) Black market sales have only increased over time. The effects of legalizing the sale of human organs will assist in preventing black market crimes, ensures that everyone civil liberty is respected and reducing the number of people waiting on the transport list.
A human is born completely as he must end his life completely. No one on earth can buy a life. But people are buying part of a human life causing people to live with a body that’s not completed. In general, many people in the modern world are unwilling to legalize the sale of human organs even if it was a part of a dead human body (Mill, 2009). Also, selling organs is mostly against the moral values to some religions like Islam. However, in the modern world the increase of organ transplants is affected by the shortage of supply of the organs.
...nts will die before a suitable organ becomes available. Numerous others will experience declining health, reduced quality of life, job loss, lower incomes, and depression while waiting, sometimes years, for the needed organs. And still other patients will never be placed on official waiting lists under the existing shortage conditions, because physical or behavioral traits make them relatively poor candidates for transplantation. Were it not for the shortage, however, many of these patients would be considered acceptable candidates for transplantation. The ban of organ trade is a failed policy costing thousands of lives each year in addition to unnecessary suffering and financial loss. Overall, there are more advantages than disadvantages to legalizing the sale of organs. The lives that would be saved by legalizing the sale of organs outweighs any of the negatives.
The nature of organ allocation and transplantation raises a number of particular ethical issues and dilemmas, primarily because donated organs are a scarce resource that has the potential to dramatically improve the health and life of recipients. This scarcity of organs requires clear eligibility and allocation criteria to ensure a fair and equitable system for access to this limited resource.