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Models of addiction explained
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It has been said that human beings live in a drug oriented and chemically addicted society. In other words, drugs as well as many other addictive substances have being been taking part on the devastation of many families and individuals who in society have been effected by it. In this paper I will discuss the term addiction as well as all the other terms that correlate with it. For example, I will speak on different substances that the victims are using, as well as two types of drug dependency that consumer’s experience. In addition I will discuss how addiction affects the human health as well as the behavior that comes with an addicted personality along with theories that might explain an addictive personality. Last but not least speak on withdrawal, tolerance and recovery. How can we define such word like addiction; according to the text we’ve used in class; “Health Psychology” written by Sarafino, addiction is a condition formed by frequent consumption of a natural or artificial psychoactive substance, which the person has become physically and psychologically dependent on. To elaborate on each term, when a person is physically dependent, the body is accustomed to the substance and combined into the standard performance of the body’s muscles. The textbook also indicates that this term also comes with two types of characteristics, which are tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is the dosage of the drug that the human body can to tolerate; withdrawal refers to physical and psychological symptoms the consumer experience when he/she stops using the drug they became dependent on. Keep in mind that symptoms may vary on the particular substance used. Symptoms can also include anxiety, irritability, and instance craving for the drug, h... ... middle of paper ... ...eong, L. Comas-Díaz, G. C. Nagayama Hall, V. C. McLoyd, J. E. Trimble (Eds.) , APA handbook of multicultural psychology, Vol. 2: Applications and training (pp. 329-343). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/14187-019 Beatty, L. A., & Willis, T. D. (2014). Substance abuse treatments. In F. L. Leong, L. Comas-Díaz, G. C. Nagayama Hall, V. C. McLoyd, J. E. Trimble (Eds.) , APA handbook of multicultural psychology, Vol. 2: Applications and training (pp. 455-477). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/14187-026 Hart, Carl L., and Charles Ksir. "Drug Use as a Social Problem." Drugs, Society And Human Behavior. 14th ed. New York City: William R. Glass, n.d. 39-40. Print. Sarafino, Edward P. "Substance Use and Abuse." Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions. 7th ed. New York: Wiley, 2012. 182-214. Print.
In this book his focus is on removing the stigmatization attached with drugs, addiction and the addicts. He clearly outlines the problems and the main factors of the society which leads to addiction amongst people. Throughout this book he provides various
Fortinash, K. M., & Holoday Worret, P. A. (Eds.). (2012). Substance-related disorders and addictive behaviors. Psychiatric mental health nursing (5th ed., pp. 319-362). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Drug in the American Society is a book written by Eric Goode. This book, as the title indicates, is about drugs in the American Society. It is especially about the misuse of most drugs, licit or illicit, such us alcohol, marijuana and more. The author wrote this book to give an explanation of the use of different drugs. He wrote a first edition and decided to write this second edition due to critic and also as he mentioned in the preface “there are several reason for these changes. First, the reality of the drug scene has changed substantially in the past dozen or so years. Second much more information has been accumulated about drug use. And third, I’m not the same person I was in 1972.”(vii). The main idea of this book is to inform readers about drugs and their reality. In the book, Goode argued that the effect of a drug is dependent on the societal context in which it is taken. Thus, in one society a particular drug may be a depressant, and in another it may be a stimulant.
The purpose of this research paper is to inform my audience of three primary sections based on biological aspect of the addictive substance cocaine, and its addictive properties. This will include the primary effects on the brain and other organs in the human body. The second section will confer, clinical issues along with medical treatment, future directions of treatment. The third section biological aspects of the addictive substance from a biblical perspective will be discussed. Some areas of interest include freedom and caution for Christian counselor’s based on the addictive substance used.
...y, H. (2008). Drug use and abuse: a comprehensive introduction (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Brent Q. Hafen ed, Drug Abuse: Psychology, Sociology, Pharmacology. (Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1973).
Drugs and Behavior, Rebecca Schilit and Edith Lisansky Gomberg, Page 62, SAGE Publications, Inc.- 1991
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(1), 34-48. doi:10.1037//1099-9809.9.1.34.
Liehr, P, Marcus, M, Carroll, D, Granmayeh, K L, Cron, S, Pennebaker, J ;( Apr-Jun 2010). Substance Abuse; Vol. 31 (2); 79-85. Doi: 10.1080/08897071003641271
Torr, James D., ed. Drug Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999.
George F. Koob defines addiction as a compulsion to take a drug without control over the intake and a chronic relapse disorder (1). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association defined "substance dependence" as a syndrome basically equivalent to addiction, and the diagnostic criteria used to describe the symptoms of substance dependence to a large extent define compulsion and loss of control of drug intake (1). Considering drug addiction as a disorder implies that there are some biological factors as well as social factors.
Silverman, K., Roll, J., & Higgins, S. (2008). Introduction to the Special Issue on the Behavior Analysis and Treatment of Drug Addiction. Journal of Applied behavior Analysis, 41(4), 471-480. Retrieved June 12, 2011, from the proquest.com.navigator-ship.passhe.edu database.
Scannapreco, M., Connell-Carrick, K., et.al (2007). Substance-Use and Misuse. Vol.42, Issue 10 pg.1545-1553. Retrieved February 14th, 2011 from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu
Perhaps most substance abuse starts in the teen years when young people are susceptible to pressure from their peers. One of the main concerns when dealing with substance abuse is the long term problems with substance such as addiction, dependency and tolerance. The physical state of an individual, who is addicted to a substance, will deteriorate over a long period of time. This is due to the chemicals that are being put into an individual body. One of the most important aspects of the effect of substance abuse on society includes ill health, disease, sickness, and in many cases death. The impact of substance abuse not only affects individuals who abuse substances but it affects our economy. Our government resources are negatively impacted by individual who abuse substances. According to (Lagliaro 2004) the implication of drug users extend far beyond the user, often damaging their relationships with their family, community, and health workers, volunteer and wider
Everitt, B. Robbins, T. (1999) Drug addiction: bad habits add up. Macmillian Magazines, volume 389, pg 567-570.