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Greek and Roman literature similarities
Comparison of Greek and Roman literature
Roman literature & Greek literature
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The story, The Aeneid, was a Roman poem that showed the Trojan War from the Trojan perspective rather than the Greeks perspective like it did in The Odyssey and The Iliad. However, The Aeneid was written by Virgil, but has a lot of similarities with The Odyssey because of the fact that Vigil used Homer’s work as reference. After the Trojan War, Aeneas, the protagonist, travels to Carthage, where he meets Dido. At first, Dido didn’t want to get involved with Aeneas because of an oath she had made because of her husband’s dead. However, after Aeneas tells his story, she is totally in love with him at the beginning of Book IV.
At the end of Book IV, we learn that Dido felt guilt and pain about betraying her ex-husband, Sychaeus, and falling in love with Aeneas. We know she feels guilty of breaking the oath she made to Sychaeus by saying, “I broke the faith I swore to the ashes of Sychaeus,” (690). After Aeneas leaves her, we learn how vulnerable, weak, and greedy Dido is.
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Instead of letting Aeneas go peacefully, she curses him and wants him to stay even though he has a duty to the gods. It is clear that she has no idea what to do when she states, “And now, what shall I do?” (667). At this moment, she is contemplating committing suicide, which shows how vulnerable to pain she is by falling in love with Aeneas. She made a mistake by falling in love with Aeneas because nothing good came out of it. In addition, Dido fantasized too much thinking that they will get married and not realizing she was hurting Carthage by not being the same ruler. On the other hand, Aeneas exposes his true values at the end of Book IV. By leaving Dido after falling in love with her, Aeneas demonstrates that his duty to the gods is the most important thing in his life. In addition, we learn the true character of Aeneas and how far he is willing to go to satisfy the gods. When Mercury shows up in his dream telling him to leave Carthage at once, he wakes up and tells his men, “We follow you, blessed god, whoever you are – glad at heart we obey your commands once more,” (720-721). The quote shows us the fact that Aeneas takes his duty to the gods seriously and will do anything that they ask him to do. However, he still feels bad about leaving Dido behind, but we learn at the end of the book that Aeneas has more important things in his life. In my opinion, my views on these characters are changed as a result of the end of Book IV.
At first, I thought Aeneas was a person who was weak because he took the easy way out by getting involved romantically with Dido. However, as I stated before, he changed my perspective about him when he decided that his duty towards the gods was more important that his love to Dido. He showed determination and strength to be able to leave someone he loved just to please the gods. On the other hand, I saw Dido as a strong and powerful queen that had gone through a lot with the death of her husband and wasn’t going to show weakness. By falling in love with Aeneas, she demonstrated her vulnerability. The fact that she was looking for love rather than respecting the oath she made to her husband, changed my views on her. After she committed suicide, I thought she wasn’t proud with the person she had become because she broke her oath and endangered her people simply by falling in love with a guy she just
met. In conclusion, Dido downfall began when she felt in love with Aeneas. After doing so, her life began to crumble ending in suicide. Aeneas wasn’t loyal to Dido and betrayed her heart. He made her believe that they will be together forever, when he clearly had bigger plans that simply needed to be reminded. His views on duty, especially towards the gods, are very important to him and are the reason he left Dido behind. The characters change throughout the book and demonstrate how love can be destructive.
The exact dynamics of the interaction between the Trojan refugee and the Carthaginian queen are not as readily ascertainable as one might expect. The typical misconception is to project the two as both instantly and perfectly in love, which is not a view substantiated by the text at all. Furthermore, Farron does not seem to believe in his article, The Aeneas-Dido Episode as an Attack on Aeneas' Mission and Rome, that the Aeneas was in love with Dido at all. While he agrees that the two were emotionally involved with each other, specifically referring to the “marriage” scene between the two, Farron does not recognize those feelings as love. Instead, Farron systematically approaches...
Dido’s emotions have caused her to act like a wounded animal, not thinking about the consequences of her own actions. By being reduced to an animal, Dido has lost all rational thought. Consequently, Dido’s lack of rational thought causes her to begin to ignore other duties she has to fulfill. After she falls in love with Aeneas, Dido disregards the vow that she made to her suitors.
Dido is portrayed as a character driven by emotion, and that her actions are out of her control. For example her actions when she discovers that Aeneas is to leave Carthage as Bacchic. This is emphasised even more by the fact that Dido is made to love Aeneas by Venus. It as if Dido has no agency in her life.
Dido and Camilla - Leaders Blinded by their Passions in the Aeneid In Book I of Virgil's Aeneid, Aeneas observes a depiction of the female warrior, Penthesilea, on the walls of Dido's temple. As Aeneas is looking at this portrait, Dido enters the temple. Later in Book XI, as Camilla walks through the carnage of battle, she is likened to an image of Penthesilea returning home victorious. Virgil presents many such similarities in his portrayals of Dido and Camilla because it is through them, the only two female leaders in his work, that he illustrates the destinies of rulers who fall victim to their passions.
By mentioning the downfall of his people during the Trojan War and foreshadowing his destiny by "Sparing the conquered" Trojans and "battle down the proud" Greeks, can be looked upon as a reinforcement of his duties not only to his dead father and family, but to the entire Trojan population. To let another character found and rule Rome would just prove the failure of his people again, as shown through the Trojan war. Aeneas feels great pride and energy regarding his role in history and is anxious to continue on his journey. The gods are trying to convince Aeneas to value duty to his city and family, a kind of affiliation or relation by virtue of descent as-if from a parent, above duty to a lover by mere affiliation, or arbitrary association. This perspective on an appeal to authority still hinges on a relationship between Aeneas' desire for affiliation and public authority as the authority of filial priority. We learn early on in this epic that Aeneas is a very important character because of his divine parentage. After all, his mother is the Goddess Venus and his father's brother was the King of Troy. His mother is more concerned with his destiny than with his happiness. She makes Dido fall in love with Aeneas and then he falls in love with the Carthaginian queen in return. Despite the fact that he is happy, his mother is one of the gods working to make him fulfill his destiny. This "destiny" is truly revealed to Aeneas in the underworld when he encounters a few fellow Trojan comrades.
Many people seem to be under the impression that the Aeneid is a celebration of Roman glory, led by the hero of fate Aeneas. I find these preconceived ideas hard to reconcile with my actual reading of the text. For starters, I have a hard time viewing Aeneas as a hero at all. Almost any other main characters in the epic, from Dido to Camilla to Turnus, have more heroic qualities than Aeneas. This is especially noteworthy because many of these characters are his enemies. In addition, Aeneas is presented as a man with no free will. He is not so much bound to duty as he is shielded by it. It offers a convenient way for hum to dodge crucial moral questions. Although this doesn’t necessarily make him a bad person, it certainly makes him a weak one. Of course some will argue that it takes greater moral conviction to ignore personal temptation and act for the good of the people. These analysts are dodging the issue just like Aeneas does. The fact is that Aeneas doesn’t just sacrifice his own personal happiness for the common good; he also sacrifices the past of the Trojan people, most notably when he dishonors the memory of his fallen city by becoming the men he hated most, the Greek invaders. The picture of Aeneas as seen in the end of the Aeneid bears some sticking resemblances to his own depiction of the savage and treacherous Greeks in the early books.
In Virgil’s The Aeneid, there are many parallels found in Homer’s The Odyssey. In each epic, the heroes, Aeneas and Odysseus, are on a journey “home.” Aeneas is on the search of a new home for he and his companions to settle since Troy has been destroyed, Odysseus on the other hand is attempting to return to his home he left years earlier to fight the Trojan War. They both have Gods against them and helping them, both Aeneas and Odysseus are both held back by women, both voluntary and involuntarily, and they both have experiences visiting the Underworld. Despite these similarities, there are differences between the two characters and it reflects their values and the society they live in. Aeneas relies on his strength as a warrior, where as Odysseus uses his deception to survive which reflects how Aeneas is truly Roman is versus Greek.
In the poem, Virgil says that all Romans ought to have two certain virtues: he must remain a pious Roman citizen, and he must remain loyal to the Roman race. In Virgil’s poem, he uses Aeneas as a portrayal of not only a roman hero, but also as the ideal Roman citizen. For a man to be pious, he must do what he is called to do and follow his destiny. Aeneas is above all pious. He follows the will of the gods, even when it makes him suffer. Aeneas’ destiny is to lead the Trojan people to the new land of Rome. Although this is tough for him to do and he runs into difficulties along the way, he keeps on striving towards his final goal. Aeneas also, throughout the entire poem, remains loyal to the Roman race. there are times that it would be easy for him to go against the Romans, but he remains loyal and keeps on fighting for the empire. Aeneas is used to represent the ideal roman citizen and the ideal Roman hero, but these characteristics do not surface until the poem is nearly over. As the poem is coming to a close, Aeneas begins to explain how it is his duty to fight Turnus. He does not have the desire to have the battle with Turnus, but he has the desire to follow his destiny and do what he has been called to do. He says, “Hold back your anger! Now the t...
In addition, the overall theme of the poem highlighted morality, which was a definitive tenet of Greco Roman civilization. In many ways, Virgil wrote the poem as a means of lauding the moral virtues of Roman society and as a personal challenge to outdo Homer’s epic compositions, The Illiad and The Odyssey. Virgil was successful because he had incorporated many of the same tales shared in the works of Homer into one epic poem which presented a linear storyline in the books that detailed the life and times of Aeneas and the Trojans. That being said, Virgil did not stray far from the approach that many writers had used before him; his primary focus throughout the Aeneid was placed squarely upon the back of idealized Greek and Roman moral principles, which were the dedication to ones’ honor, family, and country. By no means is there anything wrong with this approach, but in many ways, the entire poem could be viewed as a “propaganda” piece; while it might have served to enlighten, educate, and create a cohesive and uplifting story for the Roman populace, the poem lacked depth and a more profound exploration of human intricacies. While Virgil’s epic poem has stood the test of time and remains one of the greatest pieces
We also see in the story what someone must sacrifice in order to fulfill their goals. Though Aeneas's destiny was much more grand than many of our own, we still must make choices that can sometimes hurt others. I really thought that Vergil captured our inner emotions with the affair between Dido and Aeneas.
Dido is portrayed as a strong and independent character through her successful founding and ruling of Carthage. However, Venus commands Cupid to “breathe [his] flame of poison” (I. 688) on Dido. Dido develops a passion that is “an unseen flame gnaw[ing]” (IV.2) at her. The flame illustrates the intense emotions Dido feels for Aeneas. Aeneas and Dido consummate their love in a cave, causing Dido to assume they are married. Unfortunately for Dido, Aeneas must follow his fate to Italy and leave Dido in Carthage. “Now [Dido] must called [Aeneas] guest instead of husband” (IV. 324). However, Aeneas declares he “never made a pack of marriage” (IV.339) with Dido. This fuels her hatred of him even more. Dido does not have the emotional stability to live without Aeneas. During his confession, Dido admits “hot madness” (IV.376) consumes her and the connections between fire and fury is
Both the Odyssey and the Aeneid represent their cultures very well, but they express different ideas on what one should strive for in life. There are also different forces that pushed both epics to be written. The Aeneid expresses the Roman idea of pietas which means to show extreme respect for one’s ancestors. We see this in Aeneas when he is pictured caring his father away from burning Troy. He has pietas because he cared so much for his father that in fleeing from Troy he took up his father over his shoulder to save his from certain death. This is not the only major idea in the Aeneid. There is also a very political focus. The Roman were very interested in politics which comes through in the Aeneid. The Odyssey has the Greek idea of arete trapped somewhere among the many themes. Arete is a strive for perfection in both mind and body. It is a much more personal and individual idea than the Roman pietas. In the most basic seance the Aeneid and the Romans have a much more political focus and duty to the state ( republic ) than the Greeks who honor tradition , family , and arete.
That’s Othello’s weakness that Iago deems as useful. Othello’s love turns to jealousy. The question is how sympatric is Othello to the reader. Othello feels betrayed. But Othello loses his look of a gullible, good guy when he decides he wants Cassio and Desdemona dead. The rage of his jealousy turns the character of Othello the readers know on its head and creates a different look. Only during and after the death of Desdemona can the reader see the good that was once in him. Othello shows regret and kind of a sense of torment. Clearly parts of him doesn’t want this to happen. And after the death of Desdemona he sees the misplaced change and rage he had. When Othello hears of Iago’s disseat he changes back to the good Othello that was present in the start of the play. He might be filled with regret and a new rage for Iago, but is morals seem solid
Homer and Virgil were two poets that came from differing societies. Homer, a Greek poet, is most famous for his epic poem The Odyssey. It tells the story of the hero Odysseus’ journey back to back to his homeland of Ithaca after 10 years abroad. He is in a race against time to oust the suitors of his wife Penelope from his court. The Aeneid tells the tale of Aeneas, who is a hero of the Trojan war that is traveling to Italy after the conflict has ended in order to establish a new empire. Aeneas and Odysseus were actually on opposite sides of each other during the Trojan war. Both Aeneas and Odysseus would have been considered heroes to their respective kingdoms, but that is not where their similarities end. There are many facets of the two protagonists that could be considered synonymous. However, there are differences between the two that can be seen as well.
The Odyssey and The Aeneid are both classic pieces of literature that have impacted the modern academic world. These two stories have compelling similarities, however, they also have copious differences. Both stories follow a hero after the Trojan War, one searching for the comfort of his wife and son, another determined to establish an empire and fulfill his destiny.