Over time there has been Struggles for women, African Texans, Latinos, gays, and Lesbians to achieve social and political equality to make Texas a better and stronger state. Women in Texas were fighting to have the right to vote and one of those women was Minnie Ficher Cunningham. She was a pharmacist who quit to become the president of the Galveston Equal Suffrage Association. Her efforts would help Texas women win the right to vote in the primary election of 1918. But the win didn’t come easily. She triumphed by spending endless hours and trying to build support and making savvy political alliances. The 19th Amendment would later be ratified in 1920. The Marital Property Act also helped women own their own property. From 1929 to 1968, property was vested in the husband. Later on property can be divided between spouses. Each spouse would have control over his or her own earnings. Minnie …show more content…
Ficher Cunningham, 19th Amendment, and The Marital Property Act all brought together women’s suffrage movement, which in turn brought about more of their right and freedom. African ancestry is the oldest native of Texas.
In 1528, African Texans had begun to arrive. From 1821 to the Texas Revolution of 1836 slavery had began to grow. By 1860 30 percent of Texas Population was enslaved. In 1861 of February, Texas voted for secession. But freedom didn’t come until June 19, 1865. There as an organization formed to fight for equality rights of African Americans. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909. In 1950, African Texans had won a major case that eliminated segregation in the South’s graduate and professional schools. The Sweatt v. Painter case was make a case by Thurgood Marshall and William J. Durham both member of the NAACP. They obtained the University of Texas Law School to accept black students. Another case was the Brown v. Board of Education it was filed against Topeka, Kansas School board by Oliver Brown a parent of one of the students who was African American. It brought about desegregation of schools. There is no doubt that these two cases were a struggle for racial equality in
America. Latinos that worked in farms were forced to work for a creditor until debt was paid. “Peonage remained the most basic method of controlled labor, and its use continued throughout the farm boom of the 1920’s and 1930’s.” The employers would tell the workers they would get paid high wages, then forced to work when their actual wages were much lower. In Willacy County officials of the county and farmers had planned to prevent the farmworkers from leaving. It was known as the Raymondville Peonage Cases. Those that refused to work would be arrested and would have to pay an extent amount of money. There would later be a law called the Peonage Law. Farmers would be afraid of this law so the workers would leave to find a work somewhere else. In 1954 there was a case by the name of Hernandez v. Texas. Hernandez was on trial with an all white jury. It granted Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States to have equal protection under the 14th Amendment. Hector Garcia was a Hispanic American that was in the military. When he got back home he wanted to help other Hispanic Americans have freedom and justice. He would start the G I Forum on March 26, 1948 in Corpus Christi. What he did made a different in educational and vocational training, housing, public education, poll taxation, voter registration, hospitalization and employment. Latinos in Texas have also struggled in Texas to have equal rights. Gays and Lesbians have wanted same sex marriage to be legal in the United States. But in Texas of 2003 it was illegal. In Houston, Texas police get a call to go to a house for a weapon disturbance. Instead they find two men engaging in sexual conduct. They were arrested and charged under a Texas Statute that didn’t allow such behavior between two men. It was known as the Lawrence v. Texas case. Lawrence would win because the event occurred in his house, which is the fight to privacy. So the court ruled that the law violated the 14th Amendment. In Texas Same sex marriage is still banned. I think there was opposition in all of these events because some people want change. When they want change they have to fight for it in order to get what they want. If no one would have stood up and gone against the government or higher class things would be way different then they are today. Women, African Texans, Latinos, gays, and lesbians have all struggled to be a part of the United States. They all fought for what they felt was right and to be treated the same as everyone else. All their struggles have made America what it is today.
Emily Murphy played a vital role in helping women reach a level of true equality during the twentieth century. When visiting a prairie farm, Emily Murphy noticed a stressed woman. The woman was stressed because her husband had sold their land and ran off to the United States, leaving the woman homeless. Becoming very determined, Emily Murphy set out to change the law. In 1911, the Dower Act was finally passed in Alberta, which gave women the right to own one-third of their husband’s property.1 Emily Murphy's important decision to help amend the law in a way that it was beneficial to women showcases her determination to make sure women got their rights. Even though the law was not totally fair, it still shows that Emily Murphy took an initiative and helped women reach a step closer to their goal. Before Murphy took this essential action, many women were left homeless, since they had no right over their husband's property, and if she had not done so, many more women would fall victim. Women being able to own property was a significant matter in those days, and this was only made possible with the ...
Before the decision of Brown v. Board of Education, many people accepted school segregation and, in most of the southern states, required segregation. Schools during this time were supposed to uphold the “separate but equal” standard set during the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson; however, most, if not all, of the “black” schools were not comparable to the “white” schools. The resources the “white” schools had available definitely exceed the resources given to “black” schools not only in quantity, but also in quality. Brown v. Board of Education was not the first case that assaulted the public school segregation in the south. The title of the case was shortened from Oliver Brown ET. Al. v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. The official titled included reference to the other twelve cases that were started in the early 1950’s that came from South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware and the District of Columbia. The case carried Oliver Brown’s name because he was the only male parent fighting for integration. The case of Brown v. Board o...
Until this act was passed, when a woman married, any property she owned was legally transferred to her husband. Divorce laws heavily favored men, and a divorced wife could expect to lose any property she possessed before she married. The implications of these two Acts combined, was enough to start women questioning the reasons for them not being able to vote, it started the campaign of votes for women.
Their story started in 1954 when Brown v Board of Education ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. It was the first legal decision that opposed the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine that had become standard since the Plessy v Ferguson case in 1896 which propagated segregation: “'separate' facilities provided for blacks and whites were legally acceptable provided that they were of an 'equal' standard” (Kirk, “Crisis at Central High”). Little Rock, Arkansas, was on...
For example, the male was the breadwinner of the family and the female remained performing domestic tasks within the home, such as, cleaning, baking and caring for the children. So, for women to have a sense of responsibility pertaining to the control of the government, was highly hesitant and an absolute rejection. During the 20th century, Congress denied its consideration of the Anthony Amendment, and in the states, most attempts to grant women the right to vote failed. Soon after that, in the states most “attempts to grant women the right to failed” resistance from traditionalists, liquor, along with brewing interests donated to these defeats.
The case started with a third-grader named Linda Brown. She was a black girl who lived just seen blocks away from an elementary school for white children. Despite living so close to that particular school, Linda had to walk more than a mile, and through a dangerous railroad switchyard, to get to the black elementary school in which she was enrolled. Oliver Brown, Linda's father tried to get Linda switched to the white school, but the principal of that school refuse to enroll her. After being told that his daughter could not attend the school that was closer to their home and that would be safer for Linda to get to and from, Mr. Brown went to the NAACP for help, and as it turned out, the NAACP had been looking for a case with strong enough merits that it could challenge the issue of segregation in pubic schools. The NAACP found other parents to join the suit and it then filed an injunction seeking to end segregation in the public schools in Kansas (Knappman, 1994, pg 466).
The case started in Topeka, Kansas, a black third-grader named Linda Brown had to walk one mile through a railroad switchyard to get to her black elementary school, even though a white elementary school was only seven blocks away. Linda's father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the white elementary school seven blocks from her house, but the principal of the school refused simply because the child was black. Brown went to McKinley Burnett, the head of Topeka's branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and asked for help (All Deliberate Speed pg 23). The NAACP was eager to assist the Browns, as it had long wanted to challenge segregation in public schools. The NAACP was looking for a case like this because they figured if they could just expose what had really been going on in "separate but equal society" that the circumstances really were not separate but equal, bur really much more disadvantaged to the colored people, that everything would be changed. The NAACP was hoping that if they could just prove this to society that the case would uplift most of the separate but equal facilities. The hopes of this case were for much more than just the school system, the colored people wanted to get this case to the top to abolish separate but equal.
Texas, being the second largest state in the United States, has a very large and ethnically varied population. Since 1850, Texas has had more of a population growth in every decade than that of the entire population of the United States. Texas' population is growing older as the people of the post World War II reach their middle ages. It's estimated that the people over the age of 64 in Texas will more than double by the year 2020 in Texas. Four out of every ten Texans are either African American or Hispanic with the remainder predominately white. There are a small but very rapidly growing number of Asians and fewer than 70,000 Native Americans. The diverse set of ethnic groups in Texas causes a big impact on laws and legislature in Texas.
One of the key moments that led to the great success this movement had in the 1960s was the ruling of the Brown v. Board of Education supreme court case in 1954. The case directed by the NAACP was an attempt to overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that occurred in the late 19th century. The court made a unanimous decision in support for overruling the previous case ...
The next big step in the civil rights movement came in 1954, with the BROWN vs. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA case, where Thurgood Marshall, representing Brown, argued that segregation was against the 4th Amendment of the American constitution. The Supreme Court ruled, against President Eisenhower’s wishes, in favour of Brown, which set a precedent in education, that schools should no longer be segregated. This was the case which completely overturned the Jim Crow Laws by overturning Plessy vs. Ferguson.
Although the conclusion of the Civil War during the mid-1860s demolished the official practice of slavery, the oppression and exploitation of African Americans has continued. Although the rights and opportunities of African Americans were greatly improved during Reconstruction, cases such a 1896’s Plessy v. Ferguson, which served as the legal basis for segregation, continue to diminish the recognized humanity of African Americans as equal people. Furthermore, the practice of the sharecropping system impoverished unemployed African Americans, recreating slavery. As economic and social conditions worsened, the civil rights movement began to emerge as the oppressed responded to their conditions, searching for equality and protected citizenship.With such goals in mind, associations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which came to the legal defense of African Americans and aided the march for civil rights reforms, emerged. By working against the laws restricting African Americans, the NAACP saw progress with the winning of cases like Brown v. Board of Education, which allowed the integration of public schools after its passing in 1954 and 1955. In the years following the reform instituted by the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, the fervor of the civil rights movement increased; mass nonviolent protests against the unfair treatment of blacks became more frequent. New leaders, such as Martin Luther King, manifested themselves. The civil rights activists thus found themselves searching for the “noble dream” unconsciously conceived by the democratic ideals of the Founding Fathers to be instilled.
the Nineteenth Amendment were signed into the Constitution, there granting women the rights to vote.
Daisy is in a relationship where she is unhappy. Not only is she unhappy, she is immobile and has no say in just about anything that goes on. Relationships in the 1920’s were just like this scenario. Women were dominated by their husbands and unhappy. They were objects that were to be domesticated and be under the command of “the man”. It was during this time that woman were starting to take a stand and be in charge. They were done with standing on the sidelines while their husband had reign over their lives. In the beginning of the twenties a change was made. On August 18, 1920 the 19th Amendment was ratified giving women the right to vote. This gave women the chance to have a voice in the government. In 1922 Nellie Tayloe Ross, the nations first female governor, was elected in Wyoming. Giving women the right to vote was the first step to helping them emerge from out of the shadows of a male dominated society.
The struggle for equal rights has been an ongoing issue in the United States. For most of the twentieth century Americans worked toward equality. Through demonstrations, protests, riots, and parades citizens have made demands and voiced their concerns for equal rights. For the first time minority groups were banding together to achieve the American dream of liberty and justice for all. Whether it was equality for women, politics, minorities, or the economy the battle was usually well worth the outcome. I have chosen articles that discuss some of the struggles, voyages, and triumphs that have occurred. The people discussed in the following articles represent only a portion of those who suffered.
In the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896, the Court ruled segregation constitutional as long as the white and nonwhite facilities were physically equal (163 U.S. 537). In 1938, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) began and continually challenged the decision, resulting in several small victories where facilities were ordered to integrate. Furthermore, the Fair Employment Practices Commission called for the integration of labor unions, and President Truman ordered desegregation of the armed forces. In 1953, the parents of Linda Brown, an eight-year-old African American girl living in Kansas, filed suit against the Board of Education of Topeka in an attempt to force the school to enroll her at a white campus closer to home. Brown appealed the Federal District Court’s decision that equal segregated public schools were constitutional to the U.S.