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Effects of droughts on the environment
Effects of droughts on the environment
The socioeconomic impacts of drought
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Recommended: Effects of droughts on the environment
With the prolonged period of drought, social upheavals, and migrations that caused the destruction of settled societies and established governments, regions couldn’t support the large amounts of people and in turn they had to leave in search for fertile land to live in (Pollard 122). Therefore, this impacted empire building as there was less people to help work on these buildings. If there was any people that stayed, or slaves that were still able to work on these empire buildings, it most likely took them a long time to finish them. But since there was not much food or resources, it was most likely impossible for empire building to continue. Most regions had to secure food supplies, others plead for help, and like the Mycenaean culture in
Greece, they banished (Pollard 122). There was not much to do but to migrate to other territories to be able to survive. Some of the groups who benefited would have been those who invented technologies that were helpful during the times of drought. For example, to help empires rise, “advances in the use of pack camels, seaworthy vessels, iron tools for cultivation, and iron weapons for warfare facilitated the rise of empire” (Pollard 123). This not only brought money to the inventors of these technologies, but it brought help for the people and empires that these innovations provided. The camels and seaworthy vessels helped facilitate trade, the fat of the camel’s humps allowed it to travel vast distances and survive longer and innovations in boats helped venture across vast bodies of water (Pollard 123). With trade being facilitated, empires had a chance to rise again and obtain good from farther lands. The innovations in metalworking brought tools that helped shift agrarian techniques (Pollard 126). These techniques allowed farming to change and adapt to the different terrains.
All of the empires in chapter four certainly left their legacy. But what was their legacy about? As I see it, it was more about their destructive features than their ‘greatness’. Every empire had a rise and fall, the fall due to war or conflict. Rome and the Han Dynasty were the major two ‘empires’ with conflict. Next, Persia and the Greek empire’s conflicts.
Rome was the greatest empire of all times and it impacted the society in many ways. It impacted society by the creation of laws, government practices, language, literature, and art.
What can cause a strong empire to fall? Rome is known for having many achievements that have helped to advance culture such as, aqueducts, irrigation systems, and trade. They also helped improve the structure of cities by plotting them in grids which are still used today. Also, religions are taken very seriously. In fact, it got so serious that rulers insisted that they were to be worshiped as the god.
Throughout the history of mankind, many factors have contributed to the evolution of civilizations. Major empires of the past have demonstrated the ability to vastly expand their territory. The Persian and Roman empires are excellent examples of how civilizations can progress and create enormous realms. Amongst the factors that have contributed to the organization of these empires include religion, political institutions, and infrastructure. With out these key essential elements, a strong argument can be made that these empires would not have thrived for as long as they did. This comparative essay will discuss the similarities and differences in religion, government, and infrastructure between the Persian and Roman empires.
Justinian brought with his reign the construction of countless architectural successes that bolstered his empire into a Golden Age. The most well-known and prominent of his works is the Hagia Sophia, an awe-inspiring structure that upon completion 537 C.E. remained the world’s largest cathedral for hundreds of years to come. It captivated the people with its beautiful gold covered ceilings and felt as if though it were suspended from heaven, this perfection was seen as only possible through the influence of God. Not only was it a place of worship but an attraction that brought many travelers that came to marvel the sight, thus promoting trade and cultural diffusion. The creation of the Wall of Theodosius, Wall of Constantine, aqueducts, roads and the Hippodrome were all beneficial to the Byzantine Empire in terms of economic, cultural, and resistance related undertakings. Constantinople was the Rome of the Byzant...
Some of the most profound and recognizable features of Western traditions, like political institutions and literary forms, derive from the Greeks. Although Classical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the foundation of modern culture, it also laid the groundwork for the Roman Empire. The Greeks coined the term ethos, which is defined as, “the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations”(Oxford Dictionary). Although the Greek ethos laid the foundation for Roman ethos many elements differ including values, family life, religion, and social structures.
Late Helladic fortification walls on the Greek mainland are found surrounding citadels, not the entire city or site. The citadels seem to have housed central administration and housing for an elite class of citizens. They were built on hills, presumably as another layer of fortification. I will examine the sites of Gla, Midea, Tiryns, and Mycenae to look for similarities and differences in the design and architecture of their fortifications, as well as, arguments about the purpose of the fortifications at these sites. I will also explore how some sites were hindered or helped defensively and economically by their location and their use of fortifications.
The Roman and the Persian both had a successful empire throughout many decades. One way both the Roman and the Persian expanded their empire was by conquering vast territory. “Following the conquest of the Italian peninsula, Rome fought with Carthage for control over the western Mediterranean. This led to a series of conflicts called the Punic Wars” (slide 10). After the victory of the first Punic Rome seized full control of both Sicily and Corsica and most importantly, Rome emerged as a dominant power as they emerged as a naval and land power. Romans would enslave men, women, and children after the conquest. They would also confiscate properties as Rome would construct roads, fortifications, ports, and harbors to territories with Rome. Furthermore,
...ck of money and the inability to pay off officials. Without money, an empire is unable to prosper. The rich stop paying taxes and the burden is placed upon the poor. Poor taxpayers become angered, and eventually spark revolts. Anger and inhumane acts contribute to the loss of ethics and valued traditions. The citizens of an empire begin to ignore the difference in good and bad. This will begin to cause chaos and corruption in an empire, resulting in a quick decline. Sometimes, like that mentioned in the Roman Empire, the Emperor is unable to control the amount of corruption and chaos occurring. Without an effective emperor to control such issues throughout an empire, the empire will begin to gradually weaken. The rise and fall of great empires result from many complex reasons such as moral decline and escapists, but the factors mentioned above are often inevitable.
States are political units defined by distinct territorial boundaries and characterized by a strong social complexity, population density and inequality. Sovereigns of the ancient world were able to rule and maintain their position with their conquered states by following all four social powers; economic, ideology (religion), military and political powers. A ruler must use each social power to maintain their status and their right to rule. Without having balanced power the ruled state will eventually diffuse and breakoff into new territories and elect new leaders who will lead them with a balanced and fixed system.
After the death of Marcus Antonius, Octavian was next in line for the throne in Rome. Octavian, who was soon after known as Augustus, used the power given to him to bring success and a strong foundation to Rome after years of civil war. Romans turned their attention towards the emperor’s house as Augustus came into power, which meant much of Rome’s historical writings began to focus on him as well. This essay will center on a primary source document that is an excerpt from his life, as well as two secondary source maps that show the expansion and wars of the Roman Empire. Augustus helped the spread of the Roman Empire by maintaining order and building a lasting, more authoritarian future for its provinces.
Rome and Greece were very similar to one another in many ways. Rome copied methods the Greeks used and incorporated them into their culture. For example, the Greek gods and roman gods are similar but still different. Western civilizations also incorporated ideas into their culture. For example architecture, democracy (government), and academics like science, math, and linguistics.
Greek culture had a tremendous influence on most of the ancient cultures and empires of the ancient world and Rome was no exception, especially after Alexander the Great becoming King and a uniting force which brought control, prosperity and a Greek identity to all of the Greece, his expeditions and conquest created a transfer of knowledge, culture, traditions and people to and from Greece and the occupied territories.
...on military expansion as it put strain on the Roman government as it cost them many economic and military casualties as they were losing a load of money hiring soldiers to invade and often replace them when they died without gaining from the lands they conquered. In my opinion, this is the major factor pertaining to the collapse of the Roman Empire. The political corruption allowed the Praetorian Guard to be above the law and announce whoever they wanted as Emperor regardless of whether they were capable of the task. The dependence on slave labour caused high unemployment and the stagnation of technology for the last 400 years of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire is said to have completely collapsed when the German barbarians overthrew the last Emperor, Romulus Augustus in 476 and introduced a more democratic form of government which was very short-lived.
The people of Ancient Greece were involved in a significant amount of events and achievements with results of becoming established. An event involving early Greek civilizations includes the Persian Invasion, a war involving Greek’s city states opposing the Persian Rule. During this time a Greek Athenian soldier named Pheidippides ran twenty six miles to deliver the message of defeating the Battle of Marathon. Themistocles, an Athenian leader used special high militant tactics to conquer the slow moving Persians. Shortly after, the death of Alexander the Great was defined as the Hellenistic Age, which resulted in an influential time for Greeks politically. Earlier civilization assisted in Greece establishing a strong and independent culture