In 1163, the construction of Notre Dame started, under the bishop Maurice de Sully. When Maurice de Sully decided to build the Notre Dame in Paris, he did it because he wanted to give the capital of France a cathedral worthy of France’s largest city. In addition, he wanted to build it in a Gothic style, which was modern during the time it was built. (Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris) For instance, Noyon, Senlis, Laon, and Sense, which were all built during the 11th century, were all in the Ghotic style, also called ogival style. Maurice de Sully was born in 1120 in Orléans, which is located in the northern part of France. Already at an early age people saw him as an intelligent child, and people also thought that he would be able to become a pope in France. To become a pope though he needed a religious education. He started his education in his hometown. During the years he …show more content…
studied there he studied Latin, and architecture. However, didn’t want to finish his education in his hometown, so he decided to go to Paris. When he was seventeen-years-old, he decided to take his pilgrim stick and head north. Maurice de Sully walked through a big forest and when he came to the end of the forest, he saw a big city, which was Paris. At the time when he came to Paris he was very poor, so he had to beg for food to be able to survive. However, he started to work as a manservant to other students, to be able to get enough food. (Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris) During Maurice de Sully’s years in school, he became a great orator. At an early age, he also became a cleric due to his orator skills. Ten years after he had started to study in Paris, he was thirty years old, and at this time people in Paris started to recognize him because he was such a good orator. Due to the fact he was such a good orator, and cleric, he became the bishop of Paris in 1160. The people in Paris thought it was a great accomplish that Maurice de Sully had made, sine he had a modest background. When he became the bishop of Paris, he quickly made a decision to tear down the cathedral, which was dedicated to St Etienne. When he made this decision he already had in mind to build a much larger, and more beautiful cathedral, due to the fact that he thought that the capital of France deserved it.
The cathedral that he wanted to build was supposed to be dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was because of new architectural techniques that made it possible for him to build a larger cathedral, and therefore, decided to tear down the old one. However, it wasn’t just his idea to tear down the old cathedral, and build a new one. King Louis VII, who was his former classmate, encouraged Maurice de Sully to make this decision. (Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris) Three years after Maurice de Sully became the bishop in Paris - and had demolished the cathedral that was dedicated to St Etienne - the first stone was laid to the new cathedral. When the first stone was laid in 1163. However, it took many years to build the Notre Dame cathedral, more exact it took 182 years. Therefore, Maurice de Sully wasn’t alive at the time when the Notre Dame was finished. The cathedral was finished in 1345, and Maurice de Sully passed away in
1196. Notre Dame is a Catholic cathedral, which is located in Paris. When the cathedral was being built, all of the people in Paris participated in the construction Notre Dame. However, people participated in different ways. For instance, some of the people who had money offered money, other people who didn’t have money helped with labor. In addition, some people also offered their knowledge. (Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris) When they first started the construction in 1163, Maurice de Sully opened Rue Neuve, which made it possible for them to bring in both stones and beams. A total of 21 hectares of oak was used when the Notre Dame in Paris was built. In addition to all the oak, over 210,000 kilograms of plates were used for the roof. (Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris) The Notre Dame is a very large cathedral, it’s 226 ft. in height, and so to bring up material for the people who were working on the roof was tough. Therefore, they built a wheel, which looked like a hamster wheel, but in a much larger scale so they were able to rise up material for the people who were on the top of the cathedral. Since a lot of stone was used when they built Notre Dame, they took most of the stones from a local quarry. When the construction of Notre Dame was going on, the first three parts of the cathedral that was completed were the choir, the apse, and the chancel. When the Notre Dame was built they also used the flying buttress. The flying buttress is a specific form of buttressing, and this specific type of buttressing is mostly associated with Gothic cathedral architecture. (wou.edu) However, when the construction of the cathedral began, they hadn’t planned to include the flying buttress. When the construction of the cathedral was ongoing, they also encountered problems. For instance, the walls were really tall, and thin. Which made the walls push outwards. Therefore, they had to support the walls so they wouldn’t break. On the picture below, the cathedral Notre Dame can be seen. It’s a very large, and beautiful cathedral. The length of Notre Dame in Paris is 128 meters, the width 69 meters, and the height is also 69 meters. However, there is one part of the cathedral that is higher than 69 meters, and that is the one spire, which is 90 meters in height. In addition to the picture where the outside of Notre Dame in Paris can be seen, there’s also a picture above of how the cathedral looks inside. As it can be seen in the picture, the inside of Notre Dame, doesn’t have lot of colors on the walls. However, there are 37 representations of the Virgin. For instance, these representations can be found in sculptures, paintings, and stained glass. When you take a look at the pictures above of Notre Dame, it’s easy to understand that it’s a gothic architecture style of the cathedral. For instance, gothic architecture in France, make their cathedrals very compact, which can be seen in the picture inside of the cathedral that it’s compact. In addition, the Notre Dame also has two towers in the front, which most cathedrals have if they are in the style of gothic architecture in France. However, gothic architecture differs from country to country, so if the Notre Dame would be compared with, for instance, the Regensburg Cathedral there would be differences in how they look, even though that they both are in a Gothic architecture. (Gothic Art and Architecture) The reason to why Maurice de Sully decided to build the Notre Dame in Paris was because he wanted to give Paris a cathedral that was bigger and more beautiful than the one before because it’s the capital of France, and he thought that the city deserved it. When he made the decision to start the construction of the new cathedral, he wanted to build it in the Gothic style, which was modern at the time. When the Notre Dame was being built, Maurice de Sully decided to dedicate it to Mary, Mother of God. So all the people who helped him with the construction made an equal contribution to Mary, and God. (Notre Dame Cathedral In Paris) The Notre Dame in Paris did inspire people to create new work, for instance, it inspired Victor Hugo. Hugo had a passion for Gothic art, and architecture. With the inspiration of Notre Dame, he decided to write a novel about it, it was called “The Hunchback of Notre Dame.” In the novel he used the history of the middle ages, but also the structure of Notre Dame to state the themes in the novel. In addition, the translation of the title of the novel in French would be “Notre Dame de Paris.” He used this name because he wanted to emphasize the cathedral’s role as a symbol of Paris. Also, the three west portals of the Notre Dame cathedral inspired other constructions since the Notre Dame cathedral was a very built very early, and a great example of Gothic art. (Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris) The Notre Dame cathedral is a very famous cathedral, which makes it understandable that it, for instance, has been seen in different movies. For example, in 1956 the novel “The hunchback of Notre Dame,” who Victor Hugo wrote was made into a film version. Since the Notre Dame cathedral was a very important part of the novel because it explained most of the big themes in the novel, it was seen in the movie. In addition, Disney has also made a version of “the Hunchback of Notre Dame,” where the cathedral is also seen. Since the Notre Dame cathedral is a big symbol for the capital in France, it is also used to attract tourists to Paris. When the cathedral was first built for almost 1,000 years ago, it had a huge influence on the society. Nevertheless, it still has a big influence in the society in France. For instance, when the cathedral first was built music had a big influence, just as it has today. For instance, there are concerts that are given by a choir school. (Cathédrale Notre Dame De Paris) In addition, when the cathedral was being built the look of the cathedral also influenced the society. Since it was seen as a modern Gothic cathedral, new Gothic cathedrals got inspired, and influenced by the look of Notre Dame. For instance, the sculptures, and the stained glass people thought were people, which influenced the society in the way that new Gothic cathedrals that were being built did similar sculptures, and stained glass. The Notre Dame cathedral has always been important in Paris. For instance, when World War II was going on, the cathedral was restored. This had to be done because during all the years has been finished it has suffered from vandalism, but it has also been near to be destructed. (Notre Dame De Paris) The cathedral also has the official seat of the Archbishop of Paris, which also makes it an important part of the society in Paris. Even though Notre Dame is a very old cathedral, it is still the most famous one in France. In addition, it’s also one of the most famous cathedrals in the entire world due to the beautiful architecture. (Notre Dame De Paris) Even though the Notre Dame in Paris was being built for almost a thousand years ago, it still has a big impact on today’s society in France. For instance, the tourism, and even though they’re struggling with vandalism the French people still try to refresh it because it’s such a big symbol of Paris, and the world, just like it was when the construction finished in 1345.
Samuel de Champlain, who’s known as “The Father of New France” was a French explorer during the 17th century. He also was a navigator, cartographer, soldier, administrator, and chronicler of New France. He is famous for discovering Lake Champlain, Quebec City, and he helped establish the governments of New France.
Both St. John the Baptist Cathedral and Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Chartres are constructed in French Gothic style which means that architecturally they have many similarities. However, the 700 year gap between their construction
The whole structure was built in a hurry, possibly in an effort to solidify the conquest. It is not nearly a remarkable an object as the twin churches in Caen. However, due to its protective design, it is an impregnable fortress, and its history as a prison, the tower has carved its place in history. Work on the stone building and exterior walls was begun in 1077. The main building, included a small cathedral in one corner, and rises three stories.
How much does Napoleon owe to the French Revolution? Without the French Revolution, there would be no Napoleon. Napoleon’s life was forever affected and directed by the revolution in France. His relationship with France was complex, even from the very beginning of his life. Taking a path that began with his ultimate goal of ejecting France from his homeland of Corsica to ruling the nation he had so dearly despised.
Imagine a Christian cathedral. The image conjured up by the phrase “cathedral” is probably a massive stone building with soaring towers and spires, intricate ornamentations covering the building, and beautiful stained glass windows. If one imagined such a building in response to being asked to imagine a cathedral, one would be accurate. Why exactly are these attributes associated with cathedrals? Well, many cathedrals such as these were built during the Gothic period in medieval Europe. The Gothic style of architecture is an easily recognizable one with its unprecedentedly tall towers and wide windows. Before the Gothic style was the Romanesque style, which is represented in the traditional castle in Europe: wide, short, with thick walls and
The Basilica of St. Denis was originally built in 500-599 AD, but was later reconstructed by Abbot Suger in c.1135-1144. Although its original architect is unknown, it is most famous for its reconstruction that was overseen by Abbot Suger (Panofsky). This basilica is also well known for its representation of Europe’s architectural shift from the Romanesque style to Gothic. The Gothic style brought new designs and was dubbed the “transformat...
During the last half of the 1800’s and the early part of the 1900’s urban population in western Europe made enormous increases. During this period France’s overall population living in cities increased twenty percent, and in Germany the increase was almost thirty percent. This great flow of people into cities created many problems in resource demands and patterns of urban life. These demands created a revolution in sanitation and medicine. Part of this revolution was the redesigning of cities. G.E. Baron Von Haussmann was the genius behind the new plans for the city of Paris.
In 1241, King Louis IX was 27 years old, when he decided to build the Sainte Chapelle to house his great treasures – the relics of Christ. In the thirteenth century, the kingdom of France was a prosperous nation in wealth and power. The popular and well-known university, Notre dame was located in Paris that occupied over 200,000 students from many different cultures. “In 1237, the new Franc Emperor of the East, Baudoin II de Dourtenay, was faced by heavy expenses of a mainly military nature; he tried to meet these by selling the Relics of the Passion that were preserved in Byzantium and which he had already partly pledged to the Venetians” (Finance 4). In 1239, Louis bought from him the Holy Crown of Thorns, and two years later bought from him fragments of the True Cross and other relics connected to Christ. King Louis IX was a model for all Christian kings, and this reaffirmed his devotion to Christ, made his kingdom shine in western Christianity, and supported the empire of France. “It is probable that from this date onwards the king thought of building a monumental reliquary to house the precious relics in a dignified manner within the palace precincts, in a similar fashion of the Christian Emperors of the East” (Finance 5). The Sainte Chapelle sparkles like a rare jewel that has magnificent architecture and decoration; the stain glass windows seem to be inside of a jewel case. The many jewels seem to change color every hour with the sunlight rays bouncing back and forth. “The founder, King Louis IX, the future St. Louis, who had it built to house the Holy Relics of the Passion, today dispersed” (Finance 1). The spire has statues of Christ’s apostles at the base of the spire and has angles decorated above the apostles. The ...
You may think today “Hey, I totally wonder sometimes what the Middle Ages Churches and Gothic Medieval Cathedrals where like. What were they important for? Were they Churches like the ones today? How long did it take to build? “ Well that may be SOME of the questions you may have but you may have more. In this essay you're about to find out why the Medieval Gothic Cathedrals were so important for, and how much rule and and wide range of power they had over the people in the Middle Ages, and last but NOT least, the creative sublime (I’ll delete this comment later on if you see this but “sublime” is my own words not internet word) of the Gothic style windows of the Cathedral. First, the one I like most, the Gothic stain glass windows of the Gothic Cathedral. Stained glass is argued to an opinion or belief, one of the most important aspects of Gothic cathedrals. As its popularity rose, mainly during the mid 12th century, the increased existence of stained glass presented large changes to the way the general residents were learning about the religion. The windows became illuminated optic (“Optic” is my own wording) talk of biblical stories, which may have had an even greater impact than the spoken word of the priest. In this research paper, I will be primarily focusing on the stained glass windows and architectural styles employed in five Gothic buildings in France, each having their own unique and worthy attention and characteristics to the development of stained glass windows. By looking at the architectural improvements shown in these structures built during the Gothic time frame, we are able to see the impact all over the place to itch for increase...
This style of architecture first emerged in northern France around 1140. It started with the construction of great churches in Paris and evolved to more greater height, light, and volume. Later on, they used gothic architecture for secular buildings like castles, palaces, bridges, city walls, and gates. In England, two highly important buildings: Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey were created using Gothic architecture.
This style was one of the first to utilize almost entirely stone for its construction. The Gothic style followed, originating in France during the 12th century. It was widely used across Europe until the end of the 16th century. These architectural concepts differ in three fundamental areas: arch construction, buttress style, and type of vaulting. Structures built under the Romanesque category are generally dark and solemn, with little decoration on their exteriors.
Built in 1889 to commemorate the hundred year anniversary of the French Revolution, the Eiffel Tower has been a topic of discussion for numerous years. Designed by Gustave Eiffel and Morris Koechlin, the Tower was built originally as a temporary structure. The pieces of this eye-catching building were to be disassembled and melted down after twenty years. This did not happen, however. The Eiffel Tower has become a colossal icon throughout the world; the Tower has brought in enormous revenue and has a scientific impact on French and all of Europe’s society.
St. Paul’s Cathedral, in London, England, was designed by architect Sir Christopher Wren. Approval of this most significant architectural project took six years just for the plan. Construction, which began in 1675, took thirty-five years until finally complete in 1710. It was built to replace a church that had been leveled by the Great Fire of 1666. St. Paul's is the largest cathedral in England, and said to be Wren's masterpiece. He brought a range of new forms, and architectural combination into English architecture. Masonry, brick, timber, and cut stone were used to form the structure of the cathedral. St. Paul’s Cathedral has been one of the main socially significant buildings in London. Cathedrals all around, have always played a large role in the communities they serve. Their fundamental purpose is to bring people closer to God, but over the centuries they have served as a focal point for trade, as a stronghold and a place of safety in times of war, and as immense status symbols. The functions, of a cathedral, take on an additional significance for St Paul's, because it’s known as the cathedral of the capital city and, of the nation. The present building is also the first cathedral to have been built since the creation of the Church of England in 1534, when religion was brought under the direct control of the monarch. This quote from Simon Thurley, Chief Executive of English Heritage really shows the significance the Church has made in England. “St Paul's Cathedral is the internationally recognized signature of London and the capital's most important historic and architectural focal point. Only St Paul's and the Palace of Westminster are protected by strategic views but the proposed tower disregards this legal protection and the significance of the Cathedral as the icon of London.” The West Front, which faces the heart of the City of London, is an iconic image with great national significance. It is through the famous West Doors that so many British monarchs and distinguished figures have entered the Cathedral. The nation’s “best-loved” church, St Paul’s has hosted some of the most important commemorative events in British history. In recent years the memorial service for the victims of 9/11, the Queen’s Golden Jubilee and the Queen Mother’s 100th birthday. Also, it was where the funeral services of Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, and Winston Churchi...
The first major construction on the island started in the year 1020 and was completed in 1135. In time structural problems arose with the building, therefore in 1170 Abbot Robert de Toringy started building a new facade on the side of the church.
The Eiffel Tower, also known as La Tour Eiffel in French, is a world famous structure located in Paris, France. The construction of the Eiffel Tower began in July 1887 and was completed in March 1889. The Eiffel Tower was chosen in a contest, out of hundreds of artist proposals, to being a center piece at the Exposition Universelle, World’s Fair, hosted by Paris in 1889. The purpose of the contest was to select a building which would commemorate the one-hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution in 1789, demonstrate France’s industrial expertise to the world, and serve as the center piece of the World’s Fair. The Eiffel Tower is currently located on Champ-de-Mars, the center of Paris. Originally, the tower was built as temporary monument and was planned to be demolished after twenty years of its construction. Before its completion, the tower received several oppositions to ending its construction. A group of about three hundred artists, sculptors, writers and architects sent a petition to the commissioner of the Paris Exposition, pleading to end the construction of the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower was accused of taking away the beauty and light of the capital. However, the petition was ignored and the construction continued. The decision to demolish the tower was also eliminated due to the monument’s abilities and functions, which were discovered after its completion. The Eiffel Tower contains a meteorology laboratory for scientists’ to use for studying and inventing purposes on gravity and electricity. The tower also serves a significant role due to its antenna, which was added in 1930. The French military used the Eiffel Tower’s antenna as a wireless telegraph transmitter to communicate with ships in the Atlantic Ocean and...