Ella Lawrence
Period 5
Incas
In the 15th century land was a major thing to have. The more land owned by a group or colonization then the more successful they were. Also the more you had, seemed to make you more relevant to others because of what your group had which was a big deal back then. Though you would have to be careful because many people would try to take what you had and take over land as well. The Europeans conquered many places like the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. But it took several years in order to take over land and get peoples goods. In order for the Spanish to overtake somebody else’s land they needed approval from the upper class. They also had to scout out the place and make a plan. The Europeans had a larger area then
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the Incas and a more stable area. So their target and goal was to get goods and land but in the easiest way possible. Life before Europeans arrived was completely different. Unlike other religions where you mainly praise one god, the incas praised three gods. The main god in the Inca empire was Inti, the god of the sun. The Incas believed in many things that all intertwine with each other. The after life and dreams were two main beliefs they had., the Incas would care a lot for the dead. When a loved one passed away, family and friends would have an eight-day funeral. The dead would be wrapped up and put into tombs, and relatives would come back to them and give them their offerings, believing that they still had a life, just in a different world. Incas also believed that they were able to communicate with the dead through dreams. The clothing women usually wore was a dress with a cloak on top. Men would usually wear loincloths and tunics. Their clothing was made of out llama and alpaca wool because they raised them and kept them for wool. At times they would eat the animals. They also ate guinea pigs. However, their main diet consisted of grains, vegetables, and fruits because farming was a big part of their culture and what they resorted to for food. Peppers, tomatoes, and potatoes were the main foods that were grown by the Incas.The Inca empire’s government was called Tawantinsuyu. It like a pyramid with the most important on top and least important at the bottom and the Inca ruler is chosen by being born into royalty. When it came to writing and reading the Incas never had a written language but used signs and symbols to communicate. Keeping track of debts was with a quipu. That was a major accomplishment the Incas made because they figured out how to communicate but not through writing words unlike today. Construction was also a major thing the Incas were creative with. Buildings, bridges, and roads were input everywhere throughout the empire. 14,000 miles of road was built just by connecting Cuzco to the empire not including everything else they built. Their builds were built sturdy in case of a natural disaster hit. Spain was motivated to conquer the area of Peru because they were in the process of expanding their territories. They needed land, resources, gold and riches. They hoped to achieve further influence and domination in the world. Francisco Pizarro, the leader of the expedition, figured that the Inca empire would be an easy target due to the fact that shortly before the Spanish arrived, they had fought a civil war, making them susceptible to an attack from the outside. He had also heard that there were many riches including gold and silver, though he couldn’t be sure until they explored further. Pizarro took the challenge into his own hands and set a conquest out for the Incas. Central to their journey were three key aspects including God, glory and gold. The Spanish were very religious as a whole and were dedicated to spreading Christianity because they believed that it is the only religion that people should be apart of. On their expedition to Peru they tried to convert all of the Incas to Christianity. Along with spreading Christianity, they also wanted the glory of expanding their Spanish empire and taking over more territories. When they were going to their intended destination, along the way they found many goods and riches throughout the Inca empire. Finding all these goods had proved to Pizarro that they did in fact have many riches. Pizarro and the Spanish became further dedicated to taking over other lands after seeing the wealth some of the places had. Francisco Pizarro, the man who conquered the Inca empire, was born in 1476 and grew up in Spain.
He was born into a family who struggled to support him in many different respects. Sadly, they were unable to provide Pizarro with the attention, finances, and education that he sought to have. Because of his unfortunate circumstances, he took care of pigs, something he never enjoyed and just did for some money. He eventually started to participate in more activities of his own interest. He joined the spanish army as a teen, which helped him learn skills related to fighting. In 1510 Pizarro went on an expedition with Alonso de Ojeda and 300 other settlers. On the expedition they established a colony named San Sebastian. Throughout the expedition many men were dying due to starvation, illnesses, and native attacks. About a year after, Pizarro started to gain wealth and befriended Diego de Almagro, finally setting sail on another expedition to South America. On their trip they found an abundance of gold and took it for themselves. After coming back from that expedition with Almagro, Pizarro heard of the Inca empire and how it was had many riches. Consequently, he went to go scout it out. After coming back, he got permission to be governor of new founded land. His next goal was to gain wealth and land. The first step of action he took was to set up a meeting with the Inca leader, Atahualpa. Atahualpa was underprepared for what was coming his way. When Pizarro arrived, he killed him and conquered the Inca
empire. Spain conquered the Inca empire mainly because of a guy named Francisco Pizarro. In 1532 Francisco Pizarro and his soldiers invaded the Inca empire coming mainly for land but riches as well. Pizarro and Hernando de Soto went on an expedition to Peru. When Pizarro and his army of soldiers arrived to the Inca Empire, after that long way they picked up some diseases. The diseases that the Europeans came with killed some of them but mainly the Incas due to the fact that there were never immune to these diseases before. Smallpox was the main disease that wiped out most of Inca population, killing 200,000 Incas. And when it came down to fighting the Incas were at a disadvantage because weapons they had were way weaker than what the Europeans had. Bows and arrows and basically any object they had is what they had to use to fight with even if it was a just gardening tool. Unlike the Incas Pizarro came prepared with guns and higher classed weapons coming up on an attack against the Incas as well as with a plan on how to attack when the Incas did not have a plan. Soon after Pizarro wanted to meet with the Inca ruler, Atahualpa. Pizarro’s request was denied but Atahualpa finally agreed to meet in a small town called Cajamarca, in 1531. When they finally met up Pizarro tricked Atahualpa by first giving him a bible attempting to convert him to Catholicism by demand. Because Atahualpa wasn’t able to read or write he did not know what a bible was. Atahualpa wouldn’t agree Pizarro’s demand so Pizarro captured him and held him for ransom. When the Incas gave Pizarro the gold and silver he wanted he changed his mind by then and didn’t want it anymore. After it was too late to may off Atahualpa’s ransom Pizarro killed him. Many of the other Incas were either killed as well or enslaved. But Even though the spanish won the war the Incas did go down with everything they had and all their effort. An uprising is wehn Manco Inca brought out 100,000 out to fight at once on the field that will go down in history. After Atahualpa died and Spain conquered the Inca Empire, Tupac Huallpa was the new ruler of the area. Though sadly soon after becoming ruler he died as well from the disease smallpox, that killed off many of the Incas as well. Luckily Manco Inca took over his place as a puppet ruler in the city of Cusco. Unfortunately the Empire was slowing starting to falling apart once Manco became ruler. Manco and the Spanish had different view on how things should be. The Spaniards did not like how Manco was ruling the Empire so they tortured him constantly by continuously breaking into his house, stealing many of his riches, and enslaving and raping his people. Around 1535 he wasn’t happy with where he was at in life. He made a plan and attempted to escape but got caught and chained up. But later Manco did escape successfully but with the promise of bringing back the most perfect gold. People from Spain moved towards the area of Peru. The spanish would go ride around and help Pizarro and other leaders kill people, mainly the Incas. The spanish didn’t like the Incas beliefs and religion so they ended up killing or enslaving almost all of them and spread their religion and Spaniards to the Inca area. Other people would come down for the goods that were found and seek for more. After conquering the Incas they gained a lot besides just goods and land, got a good title and now are seen and will always be seen as powerful and smart. Throughout this whole process the Spanish had finally taken over the Incan Empire and redid the Empire to their liking by taking down buildings.
The small environment no longer had enough resources to sustain such a large population which motivated them to subdivide and move on. They expanded southward and eastward. They developed seasonal rounds of activity and movement. Climate change expanded the temperate forest throughout North America allowing them to become more familiar with their land. Early Americans. Soon the domestication of plants and animals established. They developed different cultures traditions diets and languages. During the late fifteenth century, Europeans developed the navigational technology and ambitions which allowed them to explore and conquer the world's seas. The Atlantic Ocean once a barrier became a bridge to vast lands and people. The Europeans traveled to the West Indies and India by traveling around Africa. The new discoveries transformed Europe into one of the most dominant continents. European Christians first felt surrounded by their Muslim neighbors. The Muslims were more a more powerful religion extended to North Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia. The Europeans Christians got an opportunity to break out of the Muslim world and spread their beliefs to the newly discovered world and search for the trade riches such as gold, silks, and
From 711-1492, Christian Spaniards lived under Moorish rule until eventually, the Christian Kingdoms took over during the Reconquista. The conflicts between the Muslims and Christians created a militaristic culture in Spain that surpassed that of any other European nation. Furthermore, being trained militarily was often exclusively attributed to the nobility however, in Spain, “many young men knew these skills and used them to their advantage.” Without a doubt, recently reconquering their homeland motivated the Spanish to a basis for expansion and conquest that most other European societies were lacking. In addition, the voyages of Christopher Columbus led to discovering the New World which undoubtedly contributed to added interest in conquest. Eventually, each conquest further raised Spanish hopes for fame and
To start off, let’s talk about when the First Nation’s land got conquered by the Europeans, the Europeans tried
Slide 3- on the new expedition Pizarro brought with him a man by the name of Diego de Almargo in 1532 and used Ecuador as the staging point for new invasion of Inca Empire.
From this short blurbs of what is said about the west they make inferences of what it is like, and how can it be possible for another land mass to be unknown to many for so long. But for those who do know what is past the Atlantic know that this Agenda of the King and Queen must be fulfilled and to do so would be to claim land for Spain for it to be settled upon. On top of that is to further collect riches of the Americas to benefit Spain in conquest of the Americas. Bartolome de las casas had hoped to prevent further harm to Indians, and clarify that they were not barbarians.
He gave everything back that the Native Americans gave him. He cured the Native Americans. He learnt their languages. For example, he learnt four Indian languages including Charrucos and sign language. Cabeza de Vaca learning their languages helped him make friends and gained more of their trust. Gaining more of their trust, they gave him more supplies.
In the 1400’s European countries had been thrusted into overseas expansion in the fever for land and gold. All throughout Europe, monarchies had sent explorers all over the world to conquer land for their country. Each country had conquered and colonized in various styles, but each had a specific goal that they wanted to achieve. During the European colonization of the Americas or the New World, both the Spanish and the French spread the idea of Catholicism throughout the Americas, however the Spanish believed in treating the Native Americans in a harsher way by enslaving them for labor whereas the French established trade relationships.
Beginning in 1492, Spain had been the first European nation to sail westward across the Atlantic Ocean and colonize the Amerindian nations of the Western Hemisphere. The empire that came from this exploration extended from Virginia on the
During the 15th century Europe had numerous changes. The population expanded rapidly which gave rise to new classes of merchants. European nations were very wealthy when it came to spices. Therefore, they traded them on the land route from Asia. These land routes were controlled by the Turkish Empire, which lead to many problems for the countries who were trying to trade these spices and acquire other valuables. This then steered them to begin searching for other routes of trade to essentially cut out the “middle man”. A race then began to erupt between many European countries such as Portugal, Spain, France, and England. These four countries all wanted to be the first to discover new land. However, Portugal pulled ahead and sailed along
In the sixteenth century, England was one of the most powerful countries in the world. England was also in dire need of money at this time. In an effort to alleviate the country’s financial burdens, King Henry VIII decided to seize land owned by the Catholic Church. Henry then sold the already inhabited land to investors, and its residents were forced out. These people and their descendants would eventually become some of the fortune-seeking colonists that would settle America during England’s try at Imperialism.
Religion played a major role in expansion for both the Portuguese and the Spanish due to their extensive anti-Muslim crusade. Due to the over zealous religious fervor of the Christian Iberians, Christianity and thus the Iberians expanded into parts of western Europe during the crusades as Christians tried to convert the Muslims who were occupying this area. The Iberians did not stop with the European mainland; they were also expanding overseas. They were interested in the fertile land of the Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde. These islands would also prove to be strategic acquisitions for the Iberians, as they would eventually provide the Iberians with bases and ports to be used for commerce. Throughout the 15th century the Spanish and Portuguese had been exploring lands throughout the Atlantic which drove Queen Isabella of Spain to commission Christopher Columbus in 1492 to “Discover and acquire islands and mainland in the ocean sea” (p.340) which eventually led to the discovery of North America.
The fifteenth century was a period of mass exploration for many areas of the world. Countries such as Spain, France, and England were beginning to send explorers to the newly discovered western hemisphere for their nations to gain both wealth and territory. Many of the explorers thought it was necessary to subordinate Indian civilizations in order to benefit both themselves and their country. Decisions that the explorers made on the other side of the world proved to introduce great controversy in Europe. Some theologians and historians, such as Ginés Sepúlveda, saw invasions of the New World as a way to introduce civilization and Christianity to “barbarians” that are “incapable of government” (Las Casas 3). However, many religious leaders,
After the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus, European Nations competed in a race against one another to claim pieces of the new land. Before Columbus found this land, the sea separating the New World from Europe seemed endless, and mundane. The Europeans were only interested in the land to the East. But with the New World as a new hat thrown into the ring, the Europeans tossed aside their old toy to go play with a new one. This time period of conquest over the New World was known as the Age of Exploration, and by the 1700s, they kept their pickings. A New World meant more land to build homes and plant crops, and more money to be earned by buying out new houses and selling new crops grown in foreign soil. Spain claimed Mexico, and the Southwest portions of what would be known as America. France got their hands on most of present-day Canada, as well as Louisiana. The Dutch set foot on land they called New Amsterdam, however, The English, who had settled their first colony in Jamestown, Virginia, drove the Dutch out and claimed New Amsterdam for themselves, later renaming it New York. The English claimed more land as time passed, and eventually they had formed 13 different colonies in the Eastern part of America. The English Colonies were separated into 3 different regions. The New England Colonies (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire), the Middle Colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware), and the Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia). The New England Colonies were the earliest of the 3 regions, founded by English Settlers seeking religious freedom. The Middle Colonies were also founded by settlers seeking religious freedom. The Southern Colonies,...
In the year of 1492, the Queen and King of Spain developed thoughts of strengthening their power and seeking new sources of wealth. This being stated the Queen and King had agreed on financing Christopher Columbus’s expedition, hoping it would bring the kingdom wealth (Ellis 2004). On October 12 Columbus had discovered a new location, due to this discovery; Latin America had been colonized by the Spanish conquistadors sent by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Overall, Latin America had been colonized for the sake of seeking wealth (Ellis 2004). Obtaining gold was the simple way of gaining wealth. Gold was the resource that attracted Spaniards to the Island of Hispaniola, because it was also King Ferdinand's interest (De la Riva 2003 ). Thus it ended up becoming the ultimate goal of the Christian Spaniards sent to Hispaniola to acquire gold and swell themselves in riches. (Las Casas 1552).Trading was also the key to getting wealthy; the more resources available for trade the more wealth will be gained. Resources in the New World attracted the Spanish conquistadors to Latin America; it was also what he...
The Spaniards arrived at the Americas prior to the English. The Spanish mainly wanted to explore in the first place because after the Black Death, the population increased, and thus, so did the frequency of commerce. There was a sudden new interest in new products and the new strong monarchs who sponsored the journeys wanted to be more affluent. Therefore, explorers such as Christopher Columbus attempted to go west to target Asia. However, he ended up on Cuba and called the natives Indians. The Spanish soon started to consider the Americas less of a blockage and could now see it as a source of resources. In 1518, Cortes arrived into Mexico with his group of conquistadors, or conquerors, which is a proper name because the men after gold exterminated native areas using their military skills, brutality and greed to turn the Southern America into a vast Spanish empire. The smallpox the Spanish unknowingly carried also helped wipe many people out. When they saw the religious ceremonies of the Aztecs that produced many skulls, they thought of these people as savages and not entirely human. This of coarse was quite hypocritical because the Spanish have killed before during the Inquisition for their faith. It was this contempt that made them think it was all right to slaughter the natives. Spanish colonies were established when conquistadors had gotten a license to finance the expedition from the crown to fixture encomiendas. These encomiendas were basically Indian villages that became a source of labor. The Spanish dreamed of becoming wealthier from South America, but they also wanted a profitable agricultural economy and to spread their Catholic religion (the Pueblo Indians converted to Christianity), which became very important in the 1540s.