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History of feminism essay
History of feminism essay
History of feminism essay
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Emmeline Pankhurst, who was a British political activist, was very involved in ending women’s suffrage. Due to her exposure to women’s suffrage at such a young age, Pankhurst led the British suffragette movement in order for women to gain the right to vote (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). In 1879, Emmeline Pankhurst married Richard Pankhurst, who was much older and a supporter of women’s right to vote as well. Throughout the next ten years, Richard and Emmeline had five children and Richard was very supportive and helpful towards Emmeline’s involvement in the Women’s Franchise League (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). The Women’s Franchise League endorsed suffrage for both married and unmarried women, but broke apart in the years following the start of it …show more content…
After the death of her husband in 1904, Emmeline started the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), which was “an all-women suffrage advocacy organisation dedicated to ‘deeds, not words’” (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). Pankhurst, in the organization, was known for her militaristic ideas, which resulted to be critical in the achievement of women’s suffrage. The WSPU tended to be extremely violent and many of the women were arrested for smashing windows and hurting police officers (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). They also staged hunger strike that most often ended with the WSPU being force fed (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). All of these acts and measures were completed in order for women to have equal rights and suffrage. During the First World War, the WSPU stopped their riots, but Emmaline later transformed the WSPU into the Women’s Party (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). As she aged, she joined the Conservative Party, eventually being elected as a candidate for the Whitechapel and …show more content…
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was written in 1792 by Mary Wollstonecraft, who was one of the very first feminists. Both of the authors in these sources describe their belief on women’s rights during their time through precedents and questioning why women have different rights as men. Pankhurst urges for women’s voting rights, but Wollstonecraft believes women deserve an education becuase of their position in society ("A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”). While education is a recurring topic in the book, Wollstonecraft “calls for equality between the sexes” and portrays how women deserve the same rights as men in society ("A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”). Throughout both sources, two themes were brought up many times: the double standard of women and marriage. Wollstonecraft also describes how women should be treated as a companion in marriage, rather than a “mere wife” and how men and women should respect their marriage ("A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”). Why Are We Militant expands on this idea by explaining the precedent of a husband bringing a mistress into his home; however, Pankhurst brought up the topic of divorce, which was very forward during Wollstonecraft’s time. Both of these authors are considered feminists due to their position in fighting for women’s rights. Although Wollstonecraft was
“Even in the modern day world, women struggle against discriminatory stigmas based on their sex. However, the beginnings of the feminist movement in the early 20th century set in motion the lasting and continuing expansion of women's rights” (Open Websites). One such organization that pushed for women’s rights was the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), established in 1890. The NAWSA was the largest suffrage organization and worked toward securing the right to vote. The NAWSA however was split into two, the NAWSA and the National Women’s Party (NWP), when suffragists were disagreeing on how to achieve their goal.
The women suffrage was first advocated in Great Britain by Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792). During the 1830's and 40's British Suffrages received notable aid and encouragement from the Chartists, who fought unsuccessfully for human rights. John Stuart Mill, John Bright, and Richard Cobden were Liberal Legislators that helped to make the Women's Suffrage issues public to Britain. (Banner, Lois W. 2)
By 1913, the suffragette movement had exceeded a decade. The growing desperation of the suffragettes is clear in their calls for the aid of working men, echoing Emmeline Pankhurst’s “Freedom or Death” speech in November 1913. This appears as a change of heart in the operation of the WSPU, which had decreed to exclude men from their organisation and broken with the Labour Party in the previous year.
This movement which was inspired by the ideologies of courageous women and fueled by their enthusiasm and sacrifice is often unacknowledged by most historians in the chronicles of American History. Today the movement is often misunderstood as a passive, white upper class, naive cause. But a deeper study would reveal that the women’s suffrage movement was the one that brought together the best and brightest women in America, which not only changed the lives of half the citizens of United States but also changed the social attitudes of millions of Americans.
It was Theodore Roosevelt, who stated that, “Nobody cares how much you know until they know how much you care”, conveying the idea that with no voice comes no change. In the morning of August 26, 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified, which centralized mainly on the enfranchisement of women. Today, they have the legal right to vote, and the ability to speak openly for themselves, but most of all they are now free and equal citizens. However this victorious triumph in American history would not have been achieved without the strong voices of determined women, risking their lives to show the world how much they truly cared. Women suffragists in the 19th century had a strong passion to change their lifestyle, their jobs around the nineteenth century were limited to just children, family, and domestic duties. It consisted of a very low rate of education, and job opportunities. They could not share their opinion publicly and were expected to support their male family members and husbands during the time. Women knew that the way to enfranchisement was going to be tenacious, and full of obstacles along the way. Therefore a new organization was formed, The National American Women Association (NAWSA), representing millions of women and Elizabeth Cady Stanton as the first party president. This organization was founded in 1890, which strategized on the women getting education in order to strengthen their knowledge to prepare for the suffrage fight. NAWSA mainly focused on the right to vote one state at a time. In 1917, a member named Alice Paul, split apart from NAWSA because of the organization’s tactics and major goals. Due to this split, many other suffragists from NAWSA bitterly divided into a new organization named, National Women’s ...
Although they were fighting for a worthy cause, many did not agree with these women’s radical views. These conservative thinkers caused a great road-block on the way to enfranchisement. Most of them were men, who were set in their thoughts about women’s roles, who couldn’t understand why a woman would deserve to vote, let alone want to vote. But there were also many women who were not concerned with their fundamental right to vote. Because some women were indifferent in regards to suffrage, they set back those who were working towards the greater good of the nation. However, the suffragettes were able to overcome these obstacles by altering their tactics, while still maintaining their objective.
Through the history, women have always fought for their rights creating a new space for their participation as citizens. After the First World War during the 1920s and 1930s new histories of women suffragettes have been written. During that period of time some activist groups were created, for instance, the Edwardian women’s suffrage movement that created in women a ‘Suffragette Spirit’ with the same goals and purposes even with the same militant procedures such as radical feminism that involved hunger strike and forcible feeding. This argument have become controversial due to different points of view in recent years. Another samples are the formation of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), a group led by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst under an autocratic system; Women’s Freedom League (WFL), a self-proclaimed militant organization and National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). These groups were formed in Britain giving way to creation of some texts that explain the actions of the feminist groups and were the basis to achieve the right of suffragettes. Furthermore, the author of this article talks about a second narrative published in 1914 by Constance Lytton that explain about her own experiences in a militant period and personal sacrifice in an attempt to vote. Finally, her experience of militancy had become the archetype of suffrage militancy. In addition, she became in a feminist and kept touch with important members of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU). According to Lytton (cited in Mayhall, 1995: 326) She said that whilst she felt sympathy towards men, children and even animals – those that she said were ‘down-trodden’ – she had completely ‘been blind to the particular sufferings ...
It would seem that many are now more critical of the suffragettes, preferring to turn to the WW1 Homefront and the suffragists as the most significant factor of their achievement in 1918. Guthridge asked “were not the women themselves in a no-win situation- for if they acted with moderation, what hope would they have of winning the vote, but if they acted violently, were they not demonstrating that they were unfit to have it?”, and this has become the fundamental issue in the historical debate. While it is impossible to answer such a subjective question, there is no doubt that all of these have played some role in achieving their rights. This still introduces the issue of whether violence and force are always necessary to achieve changes in society, or whether peaceful negations themselves are
Emmeline Pankhurst developed her love for radical politics throughout her childhood and young adult life. Emmeline was born in Moss Side, Manchester in 1858. Her family consisted mostly of radical politicians who helped shape her strong political views.( Tejvan R.Pettinger) Emmeline Pankhurst attended her first women’s suffrage meeting with her mother at the ripe age of 14 years old.( Byers, Paula K) Many scholars agree that this meeting is what sparked Emmeline’s initial interest in the fight for women’s suffrage. According to Mikey Smith, Emmeline received the majority of her education in 1873 from École Normale Suprérienre, a well-respected finishing school. This formal education helped her develop the critical skills she needed to become a
2 July 1928. The Parliament of the United Kingdom passed The Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act, which finally gave women the right to vote after decades of struggle. Two weeks prior, Emmeline Pankhurst, the leader of the suffragette movement in the UK had died at the age of 69, without being able to see the cause to which she had devoted her entire life achieved. October 2015, the Hollywood’s upcoming movie Suffragette depicting women’s fight for suffrage in the UK, was deluged with criticism due to the fact that their leading actresses were photographed wearing T-shirts with Pankhurst’s quote “I’d rather be a rebel than a slave” as part of the film’s advertising campaign, as if they were “comparing sexism to racism”. This
The consequences usually meant imprisonment. The imprisonment led to hunger and thirst strikes led by Emmeline Pankhurst. Pankhurst was arrested at least six times during 1908 and 1912(“Emmeline Pankhurst”). She was finally sent to Holloway Prison, which led to her protesting the conditions by going on hunger and thirst strikes. Eventually the government got irritated at her hunger and thirst strikes, which resorted in the government ordering inmates who resisted the food and water to be force fed. This meant women had to be restrained while a rubber tube was forced down their noses or throats, and a liquid was poured into it to give them nutrients. Many women, including Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, were put through this torturous treatment(Painter). When WWI came in 1914, Emmeline called a truce between the government and the WPSU, the government then proceeded to release suffragettes from prison(Smith). Emmeline then proceeded to encourage women to take up men’s jobs and jobs in factories. In support of the war, they were no longer a militant group, but they had become a patriotic
Pankhurst started her argument by quoting “two women who put the fateful question, ‘When are you going to give votes to women?’” (219) As human beings, it should be everyone’s right to vote for what affects you, but in the men’s eyes of the time, the women did not have this right. Whether it was because they thought
In 1903 the Women's Social and Political Union was formed. The Emmeline organization's goal was to draw attention to the problems of no suffrage for women. In all, Emmeline Pankhurst was basically saying that they tried to be peaceful but it was not working. In order for women to have more suffrage the needed to take more drastic measures and start being more militant. Although the protests did help, women were not given the right to vote until after the first World War.
Mary Wollstonecraft was a feminist writer who is most well-known for publishing A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. The main focus of her work revolves around pushing for educational reform, so that women would be given the same access to educational opportunities as men. It is said that Wollstonecraft’s work is more of a counterargument to the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who believed that women should only be educated for the purpose of teaching them to obey and please their husbands better (Mary Wollstonecraft). On the other hand, William Godwin was an acclaimed political philosopher known for writing Political Justice, which focuses on the treatment of the common people. Godwin’s other works focus on class distinctions between the Bourgeois and the Proletariat and how the higher classes often abuse their power (William Godwin).
Emmeline Pankhurst was an English militant activist who led a suffragist movement that struggled to get the female voting right. She was very famous and organised many meetings where she used to give speeches, even outside Britain. Her autobiography, My Own Story, outlined his radical tactics and also explains their determination and motivation. Emmeline held one of her greatest speech, known as “Freedom or death”.