The topic I have chosen for research paper is HOOLIGANISM in football. Although football hooliganism only became recognized by government and the media as a serious problem in the 1960s, hooligan behavior at football has a long history. Between the wars, football generally became more ‘respectable’ and crowd problems diminished but did not disappear. As far as most football fans at top matches are concerned, hooliganism no longer seems to be a terribly serious problem. In 2000, 19% of all FA Premier League fans reported they had witnessed hooliganism or missile throwing at matches in the 1999/2000 season. When asked which are the serious problems facing the game today FA Premier League fans pointed to ticket prices, ‘big business’ and kick-off times. Only 28% highlighted hooliganism. Also, in 2001 only 7% of all FA Premier League club supporters thought hooliganism was actually increasing as a problem at football. In the Football League, hooliganism seems to be a problem around a relatively small number of clubs and specific matches. However, the NCIS annual list of football incidents seems more likely these days to involve rivals from noted Football League clubs than supporters of the larger FA Premier League outfits. (Sir Norman Chester research Centre data)
Hooliganism is a word which means violence, persecution and disrespect of public order. Mostly, the term of "hooligan" (someone who takes part in Hooliganism), is used in the football context. Then, a hooligan is someone, a fan of a football team, who does not respect rules, in front of police power most of the time.
The game of football has been associated with violence since its beginnings in 13th century England. Medieval football ma...
... middle of paper ...
...s between fans at local and national levels, the striking feature of the research is the high degree to which football unites people from varied backgrounds across the whole of Europe, and undoubtedly beyond. The prevention of football hooliganism requires a concerted and continuous response. Cross-national and cross-local dissimilarities in the patterns and forms of football hooliganism reveal that, despite important transnational resemblances, football hooliganism is nested within particular (local) fan cultures. Prevention strategies should therefore be designed to fit local needs. The good practices discussed in this paper may help to promote a more profound understanding of possible strategies for the prevention of football hooliganism. To advance such an understanding, the transnational exchange and dissemination of local knowledge and practices are required.
Football is not a game but a religion, a metaphysical island of fundamental truth in a highly verbalized, disguised society, a throwback of 30,000 generations of anthropological time. (“Football Quotes, Great”, par. 12)
As Foer explored the world, he unraveled the mysteries of how a sport can unite people, whom wouldn’t otherwise be, over a common cause. His adventure began in the former Yugoslavian state of Serbia. There, he reconnoitered “hooliganism” and its impact on the general population of the former Yugoslavia and on the world of soccer. That impact was felt
…There was no question of celebration in the minds of the fans who invaded from the West end of the ground. They had violence in mind and no sooner was it offered than it was returned with enthusiasm. The brutal and disgusting scenes which followed as bottles flew and drunken supporters charged and counter-charged from one end of the field to that other, brought disgrace upon the two clubs concerned, upon Scottish football generally, and were an affront to Scotland as a nation (Murray 196).
“The Problem with Football: How to Make It Safer.” New York Times. 28 Jan. 2010. Newsstand, Web. 28 Feb. 2012.
...tch football. Humans have had a natural interest, and fascination with violence and brutality, all throughout time. Modern censorship, has limited this somewhat morbid fascination, but many new movies, videogames, or television shows, supply the population with this desired entertainment. Scott’s film, Gladiator, reveals that human nature has changed very little, by recreating the bloody and violent Gladiator games, and the Roman Colloseum.
The disaster that took place at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield during a match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest on 15 April 1989 is one which significantly shaped the way society thinks and acts in many ways. 96 Liverpool fans died and 766 injured as a result of a human crush when "one part of the stadium was dangerously over-crowded" (Nauright, J Parrish, C. 2012). Consequently, The Taylor report, written by Lord Taylor in 1990, was devised and includes seventy-six recommendations on how football matches should be run. This essay will look at how the catastrophe resulted in the development of football stadiums across the UK and the measures put in place.
In the world of sport, soccer and football with respect to demographic has had numerous controversies. Although both sport are known famously around the globe, for many years fans from both sides are known for asking, is American football same as soccer? What’s the time limit on both sports? What’s the game objective? Do they use the same ball? However they both have similarities and differences which I will be talking about in this essay.
Known as the world’s most popular sport, professional soccer has helped create and define different groups of people around the world for longer than a century. The hoopla surrounding teams, geographic areas fans dwell in, and political ideals associated with individual clubs have carved an identity for millions of supporters whose heart and soul becomes dedicated to their favorite players, stadiums, and coaches. Soccer teams and their fans can give us a window into how people can be divided and defined by their allegiances and ideals, and why those with similar views band together to create a familiar environment for themselves.
In October of 2015, a young man named Kenny Bui was killed as a result of a tackle playing football (BBC news, 2015). This tragedy is not an uncommon event in contact sport and it is ignorant to think that it is simply a fluke. This man as well as three other young men are only a few to have lost their lives from a severe concussion in American football (BBC news, 2015).The fatal consequences of playing a simple game are present in all contact sports. Particularly hockey and football which has been the focus of my research. These two sports embody a culture that is unique to hockey and football but similar to a warrior/military culture (R. Graham, F. Rivara, M. Ford, & C. Spicer, 2014, pg. 3). This is a culture which many athletes, students,
Football or Soccer is a sport which is played worldwide and is very popular in all ages of people and everyone regardless of their cultural backgrounds. It is controlled by an International body known as FIFA. My topic is Racism in football which is a very popular and important cause in today's date. All of the associations around the world which control football and everything related to it are introducing the best strategies that they can to get rid of racism from this beautiful game. My research is going to address about the level, effects, reasons and information and incidents which the victims had to face due to this discrimination that they had to deal with. Racism is not something new in football, it has been there in the sport since a really long time and initiatives taken to resolve this problem have
“Football Factory” is a raw and powerful novel by John King depicting football hooliganism in Britain. The center character is Tom Johnson; he in his late twenties, and a white Anglo-Saxon working class male. He is a hooligan who supports Chelsea, the South London football club. For the protagonist, Tom Johnson, and others like him, Chelsea football matches, both home and away, provided the opportunity to vent their pent-up rage and fight ‘wars’ against what they view as a repressive society in Britain. In their minds, this repressive society is represented by the police, politicians, the press, armchair fans, the middle class, intellectuals, communists, women, and in terms of football related violence, opposing firms or fans. The hooligans refer to almost everyone as the “the scum of the earth" (King, 31). The book gives detailed information about brutal fights and violence. The novel does not follow a classic narrative structure. There is no character development and no attempts at redemption. “Football Factory” is not really driven by plot or character development as would be expected in a classical narrative, but uses characters and circumstances to make a statement about society, the welfare state, and poverty. The book also provides an inner look at the class divide from the perspective of working class British society, as well as providing an inside look at hooliganism in general, without prejudice or judgment, which enables the reader to make their own judgments and engage with the frustrations of youth in Britain.
For the next eighty minutes it was very difficult to carry out observations on account that I was participating in the entire eighty minutes of the match. From what I could observe through field time was that, while the tackles and scums (a method of restarting play that involves the forward players, packed close with heads down and shoving against the opposing team) looked hostile and violent there were strict rules of how to tackle and grab players in order to avoid
While team rivalries exist in America, they are very different in Italy. Unlike Americans, Italians and Europeans in general, are extremely passionate about the game in a way that Americans are not. The best way to describe American sports culture in regards to Italian sports culture is “friendlier.” While fans certainly root for their teams, and always want them to do well and beat the other teams, they typically have a certain level of respect for the players on their team and other teams. Italian fans, on the other hand, are more fanatical. They will go crazy when their team is doing well, but at the same time go so far as to curse out players on their own team when they have given up possession or let in a goal. There have even been many incidents of violence during Italian soccer matches between fans as a result of events in the game. If incidents like these were to happen in America, they might even make it into the news, but in Italy these incidents of violence are common occurrences. There are two major kinds of sports fans or, “Tifosi” in Italy, fanatics and moderates. “‘Fanatic’ supporters identify more strongly with their group than do ‘moderate’ fans and since wearing distinguishing marks makes them almost anonymous in the collective situation of a football stadium, their behaviour is strongly regulated by group norms” (Bruna and Kirchler). These fanatics seem to revert to crowd-sourced madness with their group behavior, which is what can lead to the breaking out of violence. “‘Fanatic’ supporters form groups with rather clear boundaries, ‘moderate’ fans do not. ‘Fanatic fans develop strong ties, wear distinguishing symbols (e.g. badges, flags, hats, specific marks), and generally watch all home matches and all away matches. ‘Moderate’ supporters, on the other hand, do not wear distinguishing marks or may wear some occasionally (e.g. special T-shirts)” (Bruna and Kirchler). These fanatic
12. No Christian End! The Beginnings of Football in America. Professional Football Researchers Association, 2012.
As I mentioned in the beginning football hooliganism is known as the ‘English Disease’ but it has been a problem throughout Europe especially in Germany, Holland, Italy and Belgium as well as in the UK. Also Greece, Czech Republic, Denmark, Austria and Turkey witnessed these disturbances in football matches.