"After a traumatic experience, it's normal to feel frightened, sad, anxious, and disconnected. But if the distress doesn't fade and you feel stuck with a constant sense of danger and painful memories, you may be suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.” (Mayo Clinic). Post Dramatic stress is a set of physiological symptoms that follow a traumatic event that has occurred in an individuals life, and is having a great influence on their neurological state in present day. In some cases, PTSD is developed shortly after the event has occurred, but in others, symptoms may not begin to appear until months or years later. In The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, the protagonist Holden Caulfield has a list of peculiar behavioural tendencies …show more content…
that can be associated with the traumatic loss of his brother Allie during his childhood, that suggests his development of PTSD. The stress that results from an upsetting event, such has loosing a loved one, participates in Holden’s daily life and demonstrates life-threatening factors as shown by his behaviour and actions throughout the book. According to WedMD, the first set of symptoms of PTSD Holden shows is his constant intrusive thoughts that cloud his brain.
This indicator is considered to be called “flashbacks” that holds “the same fear and horror the persons felt when the event took place. [The individual] is expected to grieve over past memories when the death or loss is traumatic or unexpected”. How an individual grieves is dependent on how much the loss meant to them and how they can expect to experience physical, emotional and spiritual reactions. While analyzing Holden's persona when reminiscing about these memories of Allie, they can sometimes feel so real, that it is as if the event is actually happening again. This symptom is firstly introduced when Holden is describing who Allie was and how he “got leukaemia and died…when [Holden] was only thirteen” (Salinger 38), this being the root cause of Holden’s PTSD. Grief stricken by this traumatic event, Holden decides to “[brake] all the windows in the garage…with [his] fist, just for the hell of it” (39). Holden later admits that breaking the windows “was a very stupid thing to do” but doesn’t regret his actions. This memory of breaking the windows after Allies death is a physical reaction of grief that is forever imprinted into is mind, causing distress to Holden to think about. As Holden progresses throughout the novel, other specific painful memories come back when he is not expecting him causing a great strain on Holden’s emotions. Since grief is a normal reaction to the death of a loved one, it is a natural response to feel sad or anger towards the traumatic event. During Holden’s time in New York, he is suddenly hit with the memory of Allie and how they used to play together. Specifically focusing on this particular memory, Holden recalls “telling [Allie] to go home and get his bike and meet [him] in front of Bobby Fallon’s house” (98). While thinking of this, Holden decides to fixate on the negative aspects of the memory such as
when he told Allie to “go home…he was a child” (99). Now feeling heavy with guilt, Holden’s PTSD is demonstrating a strain on his emotions and how he views past memories of Allie. Finally Holden’s intrusive thoughts are shown in have a spiritual aspect as Holden thinks back to memories of Allie and how he begins to conjure ideas to relive the pain from this traumatic loss. This is shown when Holden begins to talk aloud to Allie and begging him “not to let [him] disappear” (198). Shortly after this took place, Holden begins to think of “memories of Allie” and reassures himself that Allie is spiritually capable of helping him “reach the other side of the street”. Since Holden’s PTSD relies immensely on how he perceives memories of Allie, Holden is having a difficult time with accepting the loss in his life. The second set of PTSD symptoms Holden demonstrates is avoiding people that remind him of the traumatic event. Emotional detachment is often not obvious to the person experiencing it because they may believe they are simple avoiding people due to a lack of interest. Individuals that express this symptom are described as “[having] a hard time being a loving family member… develop poor social relationships are simply drained emotionally and have trouble functioning every day.” (Mayo Clinic) Everyone encounters stress and unwanted situations in their lives, its inevitable to avoid. But, for those that endure such painful experiences that create haunting and unwanted pain in the future, it has a large impact on their physical and physiological state. As demonstrated throughout the novel, Holden’s symptoms of PTSD indicates the experience of a traumatic event in his past, which leads to intrusive memories, avoidance of people or places that remind him of the given event and changes in emotional reactions that causes arousal.
The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, portrays Holden Caulfield as a manic-depressive. Holden uses three techniques throughout the novel to cope with his depression. He smokes, drinks, and talks to Allie. Although they may not be positive, Holden finds comfort in these three things.
The Catcher in the Rye revolves around Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of the novel, and his disillusionment. Holden’s disillusionment illustrates that he has a problem accepting such. Aforesaid is based upon multiple factors, most which have brought Holden lasting traumas. A remedy is required for Holden to accept his disillusionment and enable an improvement of his situation. For Holden’s remedy, the consultation of psychologists, and additional specialized health professionals would be the core of an apt remedy for Holden’s psychological and physiological state based upon the numerous causes of such and the everlasting trauma of some of the determinants of aforesaid situation. The origins of Holden’s disillusionment revolved mainly around the death of his younger brother Allie three years ago, of which he still experiences the trauma to this day. His disillusionment is caused by both
Manic-Depressive Behavior Exhibited in The Catcher in the Rye. The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, portrays Holden Cawfield, a New York City teenager in the 1950's, as a manic-depressive. Holden's depression starts with the death of his brother, Allie. Holden is expelled from numerous schools due to his poor academics, which are brought on by his depression. Manic depression, compulsive lying, and immaturity throughout the novel characterize Holden.
When Holden remembers incidents from his past involving Allie, his attitude changes, such as when he writes the composition about Allie's baseball glove or when Holden broke his hand after punching all of the windows after Allie died. "I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddam windows with my fist, just for the hell of it". He feels that Allie was one of the few people who were not phony in a world full of phonies. More importantly, Allie represents the innocence and childhood that Holden strives to find throughout his three-day journey. In Holden's opinion, Allie represents the purity that Holden looks for in the world.
Do you ever wish you could return to the early time of your existence where the innocence and purity of childhood enveloped you on a day-to-day basis? These were the times when committing wrong doings were not only met with meager consequences, but also expected of you by the parental guardians or guides in your life. In "The Catcher in the Rye" , written by J.D. Salinger, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, expresses his yearning for this feeling continuously throughout this detailed depiction of a struggling young man who craves nothing more than to make the dream he has given his entire being to, into a reality he can physically experience. A simpler way to help readers understand his complex idea is to compare his dream to the dreams of the fabled "Fountain of Youth" that countless stories are written about. Instead of the physical attributes that staying young would give an individual, the mental ideals of innocence and purity are the cause of Holden's tireless pursuit and inability to interact and function in every facet of society. The tragedies and socially awkward life that Salinger's character endures would be extremely damaging to most any human being's, already precariously balanced, mental health. The symptoms of popular health disorders such as bipolar disorder, anti-social disorder, and anxiety disorders are expressed prominently by Holden Caulfield throughout the entire novel.
Holden was walking in Fifth Avenue and overtime he came to the end of the block he began to feel extremely nervous. He sad he felt as if he was going to “disappear”(Salinger 198). Holden says, “Boy did it scare me… Every time I’d get to the end of the block I’d make believe I was talking to my brother Allie. I’d say to him ‘Allie, don’t let me disappear. Allie don’t let me disappear… Please, Allie,’ ” (Salinger 198). When Holden is nervous he is nervous because he doesn’t want to “disappear” (Salinger 198). Holden is nervous because he doesn’t want to “disappear” at “the end of the block ” (Salinger 198). By this he really means he does’t want to die at the end of his life, like Allie died at the end of his life. He steers clear from using the words die and at the end of life, because he is in denial that Allies life is over and that he is dead. Although his conscious mind logically knows that Allie is not alive anymore, subconsciously his mind refuses to accept that, and this is where there is conflict. To cope with that conflict he begins to fantasize that Allie is with him giving him advice and watching over him. To Holden Allie is like a child's imaginary friend, when he doesn’t need Allie it is not like Allie doesn’t exist in his subconscious mind, his conscious mind simply takes over. Although when he is scared, or something is triggered to cope he begins to fantasize Allie and take comfort in Allie even though consciously he knows it is impossible for him to be talking to Allie. I relate to Allie in the manner that I went through a denial phase why coping with my grandfathers loss, also denial was not nearly as sever as Allie’s. When my grandpa first died it was hard to truly accept that he wasn’t with us any more. Again, I was little when he died so I kept trying to convince that he wasn’t dead, although eventually I really
To begin, The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is unique. The novel is written from the perspective of a teenager who lives in New York in the 1950's. From the context in the beginning and the end of the book, "I'll just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas just before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy" (page 1), "I could probably tell you what I did after I went home, and how I got sick and all, and what school I'm supposed to go to next fall, after I get out of here, but I don't feel like it" (page 213), we can infer that Holden Caulfield, the aforementioned teenager, is in a mental hospital. However, he tells the story through flashback of a three-day period sometime before Christmas the year before. This is unusual because most novels cover much more time than three days. This is one reason why this novel is so unique. Although the novel is spread over only three days, we learn so much about the protagonist, and many other characters, because all Holden's thoughts and feelings, especially about other characters, during these three days is portrayed, nothing is left out.
Holden Caulfield suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder throughout the course of the novel. In fact, the root of all his problems come from Allie’s passing; he died from leukemia. Holden used to be extremely close with him and his imminent death changed his entire life and psyche. Holden seems to relive the event of his beloved little brother Allie’s death over and over. “What is clear, however, is that many of the symptoms Holden displays in the course of the novel mirror the classic symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The death of his younger brother, Allie was a traumatic event in Holden Caulfield’s life and is perhaps at the root of the depression he battles in the novel. The death of a sibling can trigger post-traumati...
In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, a sixteen-year-old boy named Holden Caulfield, gets expelled from his school and runs away before his parents find out. He goes to his home town, New York, and encounters many people. Throughout the novel, Caulfield is still coping with the death of his brother Allie. His attitude slowly decreases and various signs of a mental disorder are exhibited through his actions and thoughts. Some people believe that he does not have a mental disorder, he is just grieving; however, he has clear symptoms that he is suffering from depression and anti-social disorder.
Coming from a wealthy family, being molested, and the death of his brother are all factors that have played a role in Holden Caulfield becoming the young man he has become. Psychoanalysis is the method of explaining and treating mental and emotional problems by talking about dreams, feelings, and memories. Throughout the novel, A Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger, Holden, the narrator, relives many of his experiences, both negative and positive, that have brought him to where he is now. He is hospitalized in a sanitarium due to his depression.
Psychoanalysis is a psychoanalytical theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the conscious and unconscious elements in a human mind by bringing fears to the conscious mind. According to Sigmund Freud, “The unconscious silently directs the thoughts and behavior of the individual” (Freud 95). Holden Caulfield, the main character in J.D Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is sixteen years old and does not act his own age for he is stuck in his own private world, filled with pain and suffering. In the novel, Holden can be observed through a psychoanalytical view, which provides the reader a clear understanding of his unconscious mind. Holden is displayed as a troubled and foolish teenager who is flunking from another private school for boys. This in the story is ironic for, Holden states, “’That sonuvabitch Hartzell thinks you’re a hot-shot in English, and he knows you’re my rommmate” (Salinger 28). Teacher’s think that Holden is good in school, but his mental issue affects him academically and in addition to his inability to deal with life. Salinger begins his novel with Holden explicitly stating, “If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you’ll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like…” (Salinger 1). Seeing Holden through a psychoanalytical point we can assume that his lousy childhood can be the cause of his feeling of being lost, repression, and his unstable emotions if depression and isolation. According to another psychologist that agrees to Freudian theory, Lacan states, “Human behavior is often something of puzzle, requiring concerted acts of investigation to discover root causes and multiple effects” (Hall 105).
Each year in the United States depression affects over 17 million people of all ages, races, and economic backgrounds. One in every eight teens are affected by depression (“Understanding Depression”). Depression can be defined as a mental illness where the person affected feels very sad and melancholy. Most people have passed through a stage or a short period of time where they have felt downhearted. In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield, a 16-year old boy, can be viewed as insane in the eyes of many readers because of his behavior and actions. Despite this common belief, Holden most likely suffered from depression. Some symptoms which convey Holden was depressed was his mood, lack of sleep, and his suicidal
J.D Salinger’s novel, Catcher In The Rye is about a teen, Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of the narrative. Holden is full of unique problems and most of the time lost in his own world, that can’t face reality. The psychoanalytic theory arranges a lens of definition when working at Holden Caulfield. Holden is seen as a lonely, rebellious teen who flunked out of an all boys private school, Pencey Prep. Failing school exemplifies how Holden controls his own decisions in the real world. As stubborn Holden is, opening up his persona and experiences to people is very hard for him, “I’ll just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me…” (Salinger 1). From a Freudian psychoanalytical perspective Holden would seem to keep all his thoughts all bottled up, not speaking, and opening up to people. “The preconscious holds information we’ve stored from past experience or learning. This information can be retrieved from memory and brought into awareness at any time.” (Nevid 469). Holden is one step closer to becoming a better changed person by speaking to his psychiatrist, and there is only way to find out if he did.
The day that his brother died, the narrator “broke all the windows in the garage” and “slept in the garage”; even now, his “hand still hurts [him] once in a while...and [he] can’t make a real fist anymore” (Salinger, 39). Because he loved his brother so much, Holden was heartbroken by Allie’s death, and he ruined his hand out of grief. However, he does not care about the damage to himself and does not regret breaking it; to him, Allie’s death was a much greater loss than his marred hand. All of Holden’s revolt shows that he is unable to accept the fact that Allie has passed away, which is why he begins to have hallucinations of his brother reappearing. He confesses, “I’d make believe I was talking to my brother Allie. I’d say to him ‘Allie, don’t let me disappear...’ And then when I’d reach the other side of the street without disappearing, I’d thank him” (Salinger, 198). Holden misses Allie, who has disappeared from the physical world after his death, so he fears dying and disappearing just as his brother did years ago. Therefore, he has developed a trauma, or a neurosis in psychoanalytic terms, from his brother’s death, which causes his hallucinations and irrational fears. Luckily, when the author tells this past occurrence, he realizes that his behavior was eccentric and odd; most likely, he later becomes
Lies, failure, depression, and loneliness are only some of the aspects that Holden Caulfield goes through in the novel The Catcher in the Rye written by J.D. Salinger. Salinger reflects Holden’s character through his own childhood experiences. Salinger admitted in a 1953 interview that "My boyhood was very much the same as that of the boy in the book.… [I]t was a great relief telling people about it” (Wikipedia). Thus, the book is somewhat the life story of J.D. Salinger as a reckless seventeen-year-old who lives in New York City and goes through awful hardships after his expulsion and departure from an elite prep school. Holden, the protagonist in this novel, is created as a depressed, cynical, and isolated character and he expresses this attitude through his dialogue, tone, and diction.