4.0 DISCUSSION
The best composite materials for hockey stick are Kevlar and carbon fiber. The different grade of Kevlar is available such as Kevlar K-24, Kevlar K-49, Kevlar K-100, Kevlar K-119, Kevlar K-129, Kevlar AP and Kevlar KM2 for hockey sticks (DuPont, 2012). As example, Kevlar K-24:
The mechanical properties of Kevlar K-24 based on thermal effect on tensile strength, young modulus and tensile strain. The reason Kevlar has high tensile strength and high tensile modulus is bonding interface between fibre and matrix was not strong enough to transfer stress between fibres and matrix. The other was that the fibres were damaged when exposed either intentionally or accidentally to thermal environments during the fabrication process or while in use, which caused degradation of the fibre properties(C,Y.Yue et al., 2000). The effects of thermal exposure on the tensile properties have been noted by several researchers. Hindeleh and Abdo have studied the effect of thermal exposure on Kevlar fibres when exposed to a controlled atmosphere of nitrogen gas at temperatures above 150°C for a duration of 15 min. Parimala & Vijayan have extended the study on Kevlar-49 fibres in an uncontrolled atmosphere of air at temperatures up to 350°C for heating duration from 0.5 to 260 h.
Figure 4.1 :Average single-fibre tensile strength for as-received and heat-treated Kevlar-29 fibres under different gauge lengths. The number marks on the columns indicate the gauge lengths. (C.Y.Yue et al., 2000).
Figure 4.2 :Average single-fibre tensile strain for as-received and heat-treated Kevlar-29 fibres under different gauge lengths. The number marks on the columns indicate the gauge lengths. (C.Y.Yue et al., 2000).
Figure 4.3: Average single-fibre ten...
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...key sticks.
There are many types of grips using in field hockey such as rubber composition grip, cord grips, synthetic grip, leather grip, elastomeric grips, and air cushion grip. In addition, using chamois grip (chamois leather) is the best material for enclose the hockey stick handle. Why using leather grip it’s called “best of the best” but almost extinct? This is because expensive cost, and extended time required to produce its. Chamois leather is made up from sheepskin or lambskin where the grain is removed and tanned by marine fish oil. What makes chamois leather so special? As in daily life, the leather is used to rubbing down the fogged on windscreen on a cold day, cleaning and waxing As its natural product, the pores can stretch and expand to fit the water absorption and also synthetic leather replicate to make same as natural leather (Halpin, C. ,2010).
Today’s rinks are seeing an increasing use of a durable polycarbonate that is lightweight and so strong it’s used in spacecrafts. This protective wall between the game and the spectators must also absorb the impact of hockey players crashing against the boards.
Different chemistries and production methods of these fibers give them certain advantages. as viscose’s ability to combine with other fibers to create new fabrics easily) and disadvantages. such as nylon’s quickly weakening fibers or natural silk’s difficulty of production. other that make them more or less suitable for certain purposes. For this reason, when? considering silk and artificial silk, it is illogical to pick one fiber that is superior to the others.
Kevlar (10) - synthetic fiber that is often used as a reinforcing agent in tire and other rubber products. I is made up of high tensile strength.
IS signed eight NHL players to wear one of the products in the WinnWell line for the 1995-1996 season. Covers Ups belongs this line too, and NHL players are role model for other hockey players, and are very important for establishing equipment-usage trends.
The development of the lacrosse stick is really interesting because it started off as a one piece of wood. The stick was handmade by chopping down a tree and carving each individual stick out of it. Then the Canadians made the stick making process several times easier and less expensive by reducing the manual labor. The first modern stick model was produced by a company STX that still produces lacrosse sticks today. STX invented the plastic head stick in 1964 but did not manufacture it until 1970. The new model introduced a stick with a lightweight, symmetrical, perfectly balanced triangular plastic head with leather shooting strings and a synthetic material pocket. The new head assembly was attached to a wooden pole. But later the company created aluminum and other metal composite poles for lighter and stronger shafts with different colors too. The creation was a great innovation in modern lacrosse because the pocket structure could create mo...
OUTLINE Thesis: Although most hockey athletes believe that by wearing required equipment keeps them safe from injury, however I believe that these regulations should be stricter because of the severity of recent and past injuries. Introduction: Are equipment regulations enough to keep our hockey athletes safe? I. Injuries a. Richard Zednik b. Clint Malarchuk c. Bill Masterton II. History of Equipment a. Pre 1950 b. 1960-1970
This large part of Canada’s culture and heritage will be inherited by Canada’s future generations. Hockey is one of the most physically demanding sports in the world. Hockey players require powerful legs, strong upper body strength,
When you think of hockey, you would think of people getting in fights or skating. To even play hockey you need to skate well enough to protect yourself from other people. Theses skates are 2.9 mm or 0.115 inches thick, skating is more tiring than running and they require different muscles. You have to be tough enough to take hits, block shots, or someone hitting you with a hockey stick. The puck you play with is 1 in thick and 3 inches in diameter. You have to hit the puck with a hockey stick, the blade is 12.5
Ice hockey is a sport played on ice, often within the confines of a rink. The sport is played with two teams on skates who use sticks to shoot a puck at a net to score, only occurring when the puck gets past the goaltender. The game is played with usually five skaters on the ice, plus the goaltender. Three of these players are usually forwards, while two are defenders. This game moves at a fast pace where players are on the ice for usually 45 seconds at a time before a line change occurs, where the players on the ice come off and a new set of players go on [1]. The offensive line is on the ice to get the puck to the other team’s zone and shoot on the goaltender. The defensive line is on the ice to protect the goaltender and
Participation in sports and games has long been a part of Native culture. The most significant example of a sport invented and played by Natives is lacrosse. Lacrosse is still designated as the official sport of Canada despite the overwhelming popularity of hockey (http://canada.gc.ca). Lacrosse was one of many varieties of indigenous stickball games being played by Native Americans and Canadians at the time of European contact. Almost exclusively a male team sport, it is distinguished from other stick and ball games, such as field hockey or shinny, by the use of a netted racquet with which to pick the ball off the ground, throw, catch and vault it into or past a goal to score a point.
Hockey and its modern roots date back to the late nineteenth century. Interestingly, one of the considered fathers of hockey, Lord Stanley, came to Canada and showed great interest in the amazing sport. He then donated a steel mug of his to the sport which was to become The Stanley Cup. It is the oldest trophy in all of sports. Hockey is the sport of all sports and there is not a quality of another sport one will not find in hockey. If so, it would be a more boring version of something similar that hockey already has to offer. For example, in Golf there is the putt and in Hockey there is the slap shot.
There is no questioning that physics is important in the game of hockey. It explains how all the aspects work including skating, shooting, checking, protective gear and goaltending. It also allows for scientific discoveries which continue to improve the sport in multiple ways. Without a doubt, physics is indeed everywhere.
Every sport in today’s modern world seems to think it is the fastest paced sport around. From football, to baseball, to soccer, to lacrosse, all of these sports seem to have the fastest paced sport. Another sport that is played today that seems to be very low key to being the fastest paced sport is ice hockey. The real question here is since speed is a major part of ice hockey, is it more so than any other sport played by professional athletes? Accordingly, one reason ice hockey has such a fast pace is because, unlike football, baseball, or lacrosse, it is played on a sheet of ice instead of a grass or artificial field such as AstroTurf.
Matus M. (9, April 2012). Super-Durable Material Made from Wood Waste is Stronger, Cheaper, and Lighter Than Kevlar. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from Inhabitat: http://inhabitat.com/super-durable-material-made-from-wood-waste-is-stronger-cheaper-and-lighter-than-kevlar/
This is the textbook for my materials science and engineering class. It contains information about the behaviors and properties of materials such as metals and polymers. This source will prove useful because in the field of tensegrity, the type of material used to make a structure is very important. In the field of engineering/tensegrity, this source is considered as a reference