By definition, the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is an indexing and retrieval language in the form of a classification for the whole of recorded knowledge, in which subjects are symbolized by a code based on Arabic numerals.[1] The UDC was the brain-child of the two Belgians, Paul Otlet and Henry LaFontaine, who began working on their system in 1889, 15 years after Melvil Dewey established the DDC.[2] Otlet and LaFontaine built their system on the foundation of the DDC with Melvil Dewey’s express permission. While Dewey conceived his scheme to be applied to the arrangement of books on shelves, Otlet and LaFontaine, whose fields were Sociology, Law, Statistics, Political Economy, as well as Philology and Literature, were ultimately more interested in journal articles, news items, other related documents, and how to access them. Thus, they required a more detailed system. Fortunately,Dewey agreed to allow them to apply his system to the International Index they had conceived, and by 1895 they had amassed and classified 400,000 cards for their Universal Index. Their system caught on after presenting it to a conference held the same year. Otlet and LaFontaine were required to augment Dewey’s system with numerous devices that they later described as synthetic. In 1920, a Dutch chemical engineer by the name of Donker Duyvis became the secretary of the editorial panel for the second (French) edition of the UDC, ushering in what was known in the history of the UDC as the authoritative or dictatorial period. Duyvis believed that classification was the necessary liaison between “Efficiency, “”Standardization” and “Information.” With this in mind he initiated the preparation of a new edition of the UDC in... ... middle of paper ... ...nd eventually multilingual) database, and the UDC is also available on in electronic form on the web in addition to CD-ROM format. These have also been published in Spanish and Czech . ____________________________________________________________ [1] Geoffrey Robinson, The UDC in Brief, [2] See and [3] A. Chatterjee and G. P. Choudhury, “UDC: International Medium Edition - English Text. A Critical Appraisal,” International Classification 13 (1986), No. 3, 137. [4] Loc. cit. [5] Apparently, these two versions are quite markedly different from one another. [6] The UDC Flyer [7] See [8] A. Chatterjee and G. P. Choudhury, 138.
R. M. Ogilvie. Preface and Additional Material by S.P. Oakley. London: Penguin Books, 2003. Matthews, Roy T., F. De Witt Platt, and Thomas F. X. Noble. I am a naysayer.
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(30) My thanks to Profs. Otfried Höffe, Karl Ameriks, David Solomon, and audiences at the University of Tübingen and the 1998 APA Pacific Division Meetings and my commentator there, Mark LeBar, for helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper.
Abstract is a condensed version of the full report; this was well formulated by using headings instead of single paragraph style, thus looked uncluttered (Macnee, 2004). The purpose had c...
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The purpose of this paper is to make you, the reader, alert and more aware of
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The web of today lacks metadata which can be read by other computers. Metadata is data about data, such that, it would be possible to distinguish between 1984 (a number), 1984 (a date), 1984 (a film starring John Hurt) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (a novel by George Orwell).
The academic libraries are witnessing tremendous changes due to the developments of information technology and the phenomenal rise of electronic resources. The academic library collections are no more only in p...
By the time the Babylonians and Egypt developed their mathematics; Indians had worked independently and made an advanced mathematical discovery. During the early time of Indian, they were already familiar with arithmetic operations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, multiplication, fractions, squares, cubes and roots. The evidence of using Pythagorean triples was also traced as part of Hindu mathematics long before Pythagoras. The Indian text known as “Sulba Sutras” contains a geometric approach in finding the solutions of linear and quadratic equations. The use of circle to represent zero is usually attributed to Hindu mathematics. Early Indians are also known to be the first to establish the basic mathematical rules for dealing with zero. They had also established the laws that could be used to manipulate and perform calculation on negative numbers, something that was not manifested in unearthed mathematical works of other ancient mathematics. Brahmagupta, a Hindu mathematician, showed that quadratic equations could have two possible solutions and one of which could be negative.
Thousands of years ago calculations were done using people’s fingers and pebbles that were found just lying around. Technology has transformed so much that today the most complicated computations are done within seconds. Human dependency on computers is increasing everyday. Just think how hard it would be to live a week without a computer. We owe the advancements of computers and other such electronic devices to the intelligence of men of the past.
Erikson, E. H., & Coles, R. (2001). The Erik Erikson Reader. New York: W.W. Norton.