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How to manage diversity in a classroom
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Mathematics education has undergone many changes over the last several years. Some of these changes include the key concepts all students must master and how they are taught. According to Jacob Vigdor, the concerns about students’ math achievements have always been apparent. A few reasons that are negatively impacting the productivity of students’ math achievements are historical events that influenced mathematics, how math is being taught, and differentiation of curriculum.
Basics. Many people in the United States believe that the most important aspect in raising the overall math achievement rates is going back to the basics. I agree with this viewpoint. Before the Space Race occurred, teachers focused on the basic fundamentals of mathematics.
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The pressure endured by teachers and school districts resulted in teachers “teaching to the test”. Teaching to the test became very noticeable and common when No Child Left Behind was established. When a teacher takes this approach in teaching students mathematics, the students are required to learn quickly (because there is a lot of information to be learned), and as a result of learning quickly, they often find themselves wondering how they arrived at the correct answer. Mathematics can always be explained why they work. If students can make sense of what they are doing, and not just memorize the procedure, they will enjoy the content they are studying and develop an appreciation for it. In return, more students will want to pursue math careers because they know that math can be used to solve problems they may be curious about.
A possible solution to this recent problem is the necessary approach taken by the teacher. Teachers should not only focus on what should be taught, but how the concept is taught. Colleges and universities are to be blamed for the teachers not knowing how to teach a
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Every child is unique in many ways, such as the way they learn, personality, and hobbies. All students learn at a different rate and different teaching methods make sense to certain students. Expecting all students to master a given subject at a given grade level is ridiculous. It is important that all students know the fundamentals of math and why they work, but it is necessary to allow for some differences in the courses taken to accomplish these goals. In the past, students were often tracked based on their career aspirations or ability levels. Today, all students are expected to master the material needed to enter a four-year college. This has forced teachers to differentiate less, “dumb-down” the curriculum for high achieving students, and cause much frustration for struggling students. Differentiating curriculum will enable students to act on their curiosities in areas that interest them. In the end, all students will be more successful in the careers they
Herring, C. (2010, March 8). Schools’ new math: the four-day week. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.online.wsj.com
Ryan, Julia. "American Schools vs. the World: Expensive, Unequal, Bad at Math." www.theAtlantic.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group, 23 Dec. 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. .
The New York Times. 13 Oct. 2007 -. 23 Jan. 2010 http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/13/education/13harvard.ht ml?r= 3&oref=slogin&ref= education&pagewanted= print> “Secretary of Education Richard Riley addresses Mathematicians.” American Mathematical Society.
I also learned that mathematics was more than merely an intellectual activity: it was a necessary tool for getting a grip on all sorts of problems in science and engineering. Without mathematics there is no progress. However, mathematics could also show its nasty face during periods in which problems that seemed so simple at first sight refused to be solved for a long time. Every math student will recognize these periods of frustration and helplessness.
Stein, Mary Kay, Margaret Schwan Smith, Marjorie A. Henningsen, and Edward A. Silver. Implementing Standards-Based Mathematics Instruction. Columbia University: Teachers College Press, 2000.
The years after World War II brought elevated spotlight on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics prompting the development of the National Science Foundation in 1950 (Lappan, 1997). Before long, with the Soviet dispatch of Sputnik in 1957, all concurred that if the United States was to be competitive, increased consideration must concentrate on developing the next era of mathematicians and researchers. This slung U.S. education, including mathematics, into the political spotlight more than ever. Schools turned into the objective of fault for teaching the wrong things in the wrong ways, and curriculum development rose as an policy issue (Marshall, Sears, Allen, Roberts, and Schubert, 2007).
Wu, Y. (2008). Experimental Study on Effect of Different Mathematical Teaching Methodologies on Students’ Performance. Journal of Mathematics Studies. Vol 1(1) 164-171.
Sherley, B., Clark, M. & Higgins, J. (2008) School readiness: what do teachers expect of children in mathematics on school entry?, in Goos, M., Brown, R. & Makar, K. (eds.) Mathematics education research: navigating: proceedings of the 31st annual conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australia, Brisbane, Qld: MERGA INC., pp.461-465.
With this promise came serious concerns over education taught students ranked 28th in the United States out of 40 other countries in Mathematics and Sciences. 80% of occupations depend on knowledge of Mathematics and Science (Week and Obama 2009). In order to ensure that educators have enough money to fund the endeavor to be more competitive with the rest of the world in Mathematics and Science, President Obama will increase federal spending in education with an additional 18 billion dollars in k-12 classrooms, guaranteeing educators have the teachers, technology, and professional development to attain highly quali...
Skemp, R (2002). Mathematics in the Primary School. 2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis .
As a secondary subject, society often views mathematics a critical subject for students to learn in order to be successful. Often times, mathematics serves as a gatekeeper for higher learning and certain specific careers. Since the times of Plato, “mathematics was virtually the first thing everyone has to learn…common to all arts, science, and forms of thought” (Stinson, 2004). Plato argued that all students should learn arithmetic; the advanced mathematics was reserved for those that would serve as the “philosopher guardians” of the city (Stinson, 2004). By the 1900s in the United States, mathematics found itself as a cornerstone of curriculum for students. National reports throughout the 20th Century solidified the importance of mathematics in the success of our nation and its students (Stinson, 2004). As a mathematics teacher, my role to educate all students in mathematics is an important one. My personal philosophy of mathematics education – including the optimal learning environment and best practices teaching strategies – motivates my teaching strategies in my personal classroom.
When teaching mathematics to children the teacher’s enthusiasm can determine whether or not the child's math experience is negative or positive. For instance if you do not like math chances are, it will show up in the activities that you prepare for the child, as well as the way you go about a question because the children will sense your frustration that you have for math. If a teacher likes math on the other hand the activities will be well thought out, and the children will be able to ask questions without having the feeling that the teacher is frustrated because they are giving off a positive attitude. This is what shapes the person's feelings towards math, how good of a math teacher one is, and how whether or not the person's experience is negative or positive.
As a teacher, it is very important to build a relationship and understanding with your students. Education is not just about teaching facts, it is about developing a students knowledge about the subject and about themselves. I think it is important to challenge the students while maintaining their confidence. Through interactions with teachers and fellow students, a student will learn how to interact with others. Schools are a structured environment that will give students the groundwork to lead them into the work environment in their future. As a future math teacher, I understand that many students struggle with the subject of math. I don’t expect my students to love math, but I hope that through my teachings they will understand and appreciate the subject. Mathematical concepts are very prevalent in society and by teaching this, I will be instilling useful skills for the rest of their life.
[4] Nolan, Deborah. Women in Mathematics: Scaling the Heights. The Mathematical Association of America, 1997
Devlin believes that mathematics has four faces 1) Mathematics is a way to improve thinking as problem solving. 2) Mathematics is a way of knowing. 3) Mathematics is a way to improve creative medium. 4) Mathematics is applications. (Mann, 2005). Because mathematics has very important role in our life, teaching math in basic education is as important as any other subjects. Students should study math to help them how to solve problems and meet the practical needs such as collect, count, and process the data. Mathematics, moreover, is required students to be capable of following and understanding the future. It also helps students to be able to think creativity, logically, and critically (Happy & Listyani, 2011,