Water Supply and Solid Waste Management- a study on Cities of Maharashtra urban water and waste challenge
Urbanization has created disparities in the quality of lives of people. It has improved the standard of living of a section of the populace only because they could afford to arrange the basic urban amenities which are otherwise under-supplied. The less advantaged most often do not have access to clean drinking water round the clock and live amidst garbage piles into which they also eventually dump their domestic waste.
Maharashtra is one of the most urbanized states of the nation. It has an urban population of 45.23 per cent while at the national level, only 31.16 per cent of the population live in towns and cities. ( Census 2011). The state has been facing problems in the provision of clean water and solid waste management. The ground water sources are extremely strained and the urban demand for water is burgeoning. The actual water coverage in Maharashtra was just 48% as against the required 100%. The per capita supply in urban areas was targeted to be around 135 litres but the supply at ground level was only 75 litres. (Principal Secretary of Water Resources at the Government of Maharashtra, Ms. Malini. V. Shankar,2013 )
In 1995, Maharashtra became the first state in the country to bring out a white paper on the state of drinking water supply. Legislations were enforced for better supply of water and decentralization was stressed on. Landmark recommendations were made with regard to the involvement of private agencies in operation and maintenance. (Report of All India Institute of Local Self Governance, Mumbai, 2011)
Post the 73rd amendment of the constitution, delivery of basic civic amenities like water supply, solid ...
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...n October on the basis of which, the cleanest city in the state is adjudged. (All India Institute of Local Self Government, Mumbai)
Maharashtra Suvarna Jayanti Nagarotthan Maha- Abhiyan
It aims at undertaking reforms regarding levy of appropriate user charges
Urban amenities to settlements of roor
Rain water harvesting
Recycling of waste water and its re-use
PPP promotion
Project Development Fund at Maharashtra Urban Infrastructure development Co. ltd (MUIDCL)to draw a Detailed Project Report (DPR) for ULBs which lack the capacity.
After approval of project by Project Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee
Can be implemented in three ways
Ppp fully
Those projects that cannot be undertaken on a full PPP basis, to be given funds or grants, made feasible through viability gap funding ( Centre for Environment Planning and Technology University,(CEPT),Ahmedabad, 2008)
... upon solution to water access disagreements, social and political powers must be willing to compromise since the risks associated with disagreements regarding water allocation may be too great. As stated by Shiyyab (2004), “If sustained over a period of time, these problems will directly affect social harmony, domestic stability and eventually, regional peace.” (p. 30). Investments must be made by industry as well as local and national governments for purification of wastewater so that clean water, when needed, will be available. The necessity of obtaining water is a fundamental human right and,
With urban population growth, both ecological and industrial consequences directly affect those in poverty and the urban poor. Slums usually develop in the worst types of terrain, and lead to flooding, landslides, and fires that destroy thousands of people’s homes. Yet population growth and the amounts of waste created by urban civilizations are also pushed on the hidden faces and locations of those on the outskirts of the cities. “If natural hazards are magnified by urban poverty, new and entirely artificial hazards are created by poverty’s interactions with toxic industries, anarchic traffic, and collapsing infrastructures” (Davis 128).
This is because only a small part of the population, particularly in developing countries, have access to water of acceptable quality. It is estimated that in some countries only 20% of the rural population has water of satisfactory quality. Based on these statistics, it is clear the urgent need for awareness about caring for water use. Almost without realizing it, we are seriously jeopardizing this essential resource, not for us but for our children's children and their generations, aware that in other parts o...
Project Planning 7 VIII. Quality 8 IX. Cost Estimating 9 X. Risk Identification and Management 10 XI. Facility Startup and Project Closeout 11 XII.
2.1 billion people in countries that are undergoing a form of urbanization have inaccessibility to clean drinking water as a result of pollution, poverty and poor management of resources. Water resources are being depleted by agriculture and energy production
When we fail to value and appreciate our water sources and systems we put our future generations and ourselves at great risk. When water is viewed as the most important resource available to humans and is taken seriously with a focus on its future health and longevity we can avoid catastrophes in hydration, irrigation, agriculture, and energy needs. When we mismanage or misuse water due to its previous or current conveniences the general population suffers and the quick fixes are often times temporary and extremely expensive. We should start educating more children and adults on ways to better use, conserve, and waste less water, while working to change the public’s view of recycled wastewater. We can learn from the mistakes made by local, state and national municipalities by making the security and sustainability of fresh water more of a top priority. Our culture’s success and health is all built upon the availability and consistency of clean water, it’s time we started to acknowledge and care for it that
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
Approximately 348 million people face serious economic water deficiency. They live in countries where potential water resources are sufficient to meet the reasonable water needs to 2025, but they should undertake massive improvement of water supply projects, at huge cost and probably serious harm to environment, to reach this purpose.
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).
India is the seventh largest country in the world by geographical area which is located on the South Asia. Moreover, India is the second populous country and second country which gets the most frequent rainfalls. Then why is India experiencing water shortage? Unfortunately, there is an ecological unbalance on the global scale. India is one of the eight countries which are seriously facing a sharp increase in water crisis that threatens humans, while a huge percentage of the world has no access to sanitation and clean water. The average person only needs 20 or 30 liters of water, while every Indian uses a big amount of water per day for different purposes than they are supposed to. Additionally, overpopulation and pollution have also been a cause of water poverty in India. Therefore, young children under the age of five make up the 75% of 37.7 million people who are affected by water-borne disease (Khurana 2008). The aim of this project was to create three possible solutions, and finally the most effective solution is recommended. Thus, several ways to deal with the problem of water shortage in India include harvesting rain water, watershed management, and river interlinking.
Water scarcity is harmful to human life because when water is poorly managed throughout the world, those who need water are deprived of nutrients they truly need, causing them to die. This eventually affects the global population. Therefore, many experts have proposed several solutions such as the LifeSaver Bottle, TrojanUVPhox treatment system, and Waste Water Recycling. The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well, the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development.
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
Wastes are the products of our consumptions in our daily life routines such as lunch, work, school and other things we do. Little things such as throwing out a piece of paper, we are producing waste by the seconds. After we consume a product we usually throw out what’s left that can’t be consumed any further. Results in producing waste, substance that are born after it’s been use or consume by us. At the end of each day we throw out a bag full of garbage, all of the materials in that bag (paper towels, cans, leftover foods and many other material’s) all of these are waste. Hospitals produce medical waste such as use needles for treating patients. Corporations produce papers, plastics, tires, steels, cans and many other type of solid waste which contribute to the pollutions that cause health risk and other environmental issues.
Water is an integral part of not only human beings but all other creatures in the world. We use it every day for different purposes such as domestic, agricultural and industrial. Water has always been a prestigious resource. However, the majority of people do not appraise water’s worth since they do not face water scarcity; whereas, in third world countries it is one of the most serious problems. Nearly 2.4 billion people have a lack of water resources in the world, shows the investigation done by the Pacific Institute, an Oakland, California-based non-profit scientific research group. Moreover, every year this number is growing gradually and more people are suffering (Bloomberg News, 2010). There are certain causes which deteriorate current situation. The most influential reasons are global warming, pollution by human-beings and overpopulation. It is known that India is one of the countries which face water scarcity so this essay will consider the possible ways of solutions of water shortage in India.