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Apush truman doctrine
Effects of the Truman doctrine
The truman doctrine summary march 12. 1947 essay
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The Good Neighbor Policy was set in place under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This policy was developed to make the relationship between Latin America and the United States better. This policy encouraged excellent interactions and exchanged protection between the states of America. Also, this policy was a foreign and strategic strategy of the United States. The Good Neighbor Policy was developed in December of 1933. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/good-neighbor The Truman Doctrine was a policy under the United States of America. It was established in 1947 by President Harry Truman which is how it got the name The “Truman” Doctrine. This policy more or less meant that the United States would follow an interventialist foreign method to manage and end communism. This doctrine was a straight-forward warning made to the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics that the United States would move in to protect any nation that was being threatened or endangered by a minority with weapons. The doctrine pretty much called out and warned the USSR, however the USSR was never actually stated by name in the doctrine. …show more content…
This operation started on June 22, 1941. By the time December of 1941 came around, Germany 's troops had reached the gates of Moscow. Germany believed they were going to be successful, so they were pretty confident. For a short time in the spring of 1942, the Germans regained the military scheme, and by June, the Germans were making their way toward the city of Stalingrad.
Influenced by the fear of communism by American society and containment beliefs of people like George Kennan, who advocated that the US should use diplomatic, economic, and military action to contain communism, Truman established the Truman Doctrine, which stated that the US would protect democracies throughout the world, pledging the US would fight it around the world. This doctrine was an extension to both the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary. In dealing with foreign policy, Truman did everything to protect nations of being consumed by communism, such as the Berlin Airlift, in which Truman decided to avoid the Soviet blockade of West Berlin and flew supplies directly over to the people in need. In Asia, Truman decided to use limited warfare, meaning the lack of atomic weapons, and was highly criticized by Douglas MacArthur, commander of the army, who he later dismissed for not following US policy.
The Soviet Union’s massive success in this battle marked the war turning in favor of the Allies. The Battle of Stalingrad was fought from July 1942 to February 1943. On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched a carefully planned counteroffensive led by General Georgy Zhukov. By the time of the counteroffensive, the Germans were outnumbered 1,011,000 to 1,103,000.
It is the intention of this essay to explain the United States foreign policy behind specific doctrines. In order to realize current objectives, this paper will proceed as follows: Part 1 will define the Monroe Doctrine, Sections 2, 3, 4, and 5 will concurrently explicate the Roosevelt Corollary, Good Neighbor Policy, and the Nixon Doctrine, discuss how each policy resulted in U.S. involvement in Latin American countries, describe how it was justified by the U.S. government, respectively, and finally, will bring this paper to a summation and conclusion.
The Truman doctrine was to stop the spread of communism and it was used to stop the south part of Vietnam becoming communists like the north So America sent in money and all the help they could to stop Vietnam becoming a communist country. Vietnam was part of the French empire. However, during World War 2 the Japanese took over .The Vietnamese communist movement Vietminh was formed to resist the Japanese. France tried to repossess Vietnam at the end of the war but the Vietminh fought back. With the United States lending its financial support to France, when the Japanese defeated France, the United States sent money and military consultants to the non-communist government of South Vietnam. ~ Other advisors however doubted that such an action could reverse the disastrous course of the war and warned the president that it could lead inevitably to deeper involvement in an Asian land war the United States couldn't win. (The Debate over Vietnam Page, 30)
The doctrine stated that the USA pledged support for "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. " This basically meant that the USA would help any country, which felt threatened by communism. The Truman Doctrine was prompted by the need of Greece, which was involved in a civil war between the right wing royalists and a communist group. The communists were being supported by Yugoslavia and the USSR, leading to the USA and Great Britain supporting the royalists with the USA giving them $400,000,000 in aid... ...
After a two year stalemate, both the Russians and Germans awaited major confrontations that would define the momentum for either side. Up until this point in the war, although the Germans had captured many European countries and were victoriously advancing with their keen tactics, such as the blitzkrieg and their cogent weapons, battles on the Eastern front seemed impossible to win. Upon a dismal loss at the Battle of Stalingrad earlier in 1943, German morale was greatly lowered and the German forces finally apprehended the strength of the Russian troops. The momentum would finally be settled with the decisive battle near the town of Kursk, a town on the Moscow-Rostov railway, in Southern Russia. The goal of the Battle of Kursk was to regain German morale and to pinch off a large salient in the Eastern front, which would make Russians much more vulnerable to German attack. Being such an important battle to the overall success of the Germans, they formulated several unique plans; however, due to the lack of good judgement, these plans were doomed from the very start.
During the late summer of 1942, Germany’s position in the Soviet Union appeared to be dominant. The Russian winter offensive in front of Moscow had succeeded in relieving the pressure on the capital but had failed to make any substantial gains beyond a few miles of breathing space. The Germans had managed to stabilize the situation, inflicting severe casualties on the Russians before opening their own offensive in southern Russia in the spring and summer of 1942. This offensive, like the initial attack on the Soviet Union, caught the Russians (who expected a second assault on Moscow) completely off guard. Germany’s success was immense, and by the end of July the Wehrmacht had reached the Caucasus Mountains and the Volga River, with the oil-rich cities of Astrakhan, Grozny, and Baku in its sights.
It lasted 18 minutes, and as Merrill (Merrill, 2006,p.1) mentions in the abstract of the article, with a short quote, Truman pledged to the United States that they would “assist free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures” (Merrill,2006, p.1). And thus, the Truman Doctrine was created. This did two things; one was that it gave aid to Greece and Turkey in the form of military and economic help, as Truman had requested to give $400 million for the two countries. What this also did was that it created a containment of communism within Europe, even though they initially didn’t make it out for this to be the case, and tried to make sure that the communism didn’t spread within the West, and this showed that the US didn’t want the Soviets to expand their influence in Europe. This was a massive change in US foreign policy, and it later defined their Cold War policies, and the concerns of what would have happened if communism had expanded. (Merrill,
In 1941 from June to December, Adolf Hitler launched a surprise attack on the Russian forces (Weinberg 264). This attack was known as code name Barbarossa and lasted from June 1941 to February 1943. The attack, Barbarossa, initially gave the German forces the upper hand for the warmer, dryer, spring months of the attack. According to A World at Arms, by Gerhard L. Weinberg, most of the fighting was done on the Eastern front as opposed to the other war fronts it was mentioned that many more casualties were suffered there than anywhere else on the battlefield. Russia is known for its very cold winters, which tend to last for extended periods.
America’s Policy of Containment was introduced by George Kennan in 1947. This policy had a few good points but many more bad points.Kennan's depiction of communism as a "malignant parasite" that had to be contained by all possible measures became the basis of the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and National Security Act in 1947. In his Inaugural Address of January 20, 1949, Truman made four points about his "program for peace and freedom": to support the UN, the European Recovery Program, the collective defence of the North Atlantic, and a “bold new program” for technical aid to poor nations. Because of his programs, "the future of mankind will be assured in a world of justice, harmony and peace." Containment was not just a policy. It was a way of life.
During his eight years in office, Harry S. Truman devoted his presidency to handling the challenges in international affairs that occurred as results of World War II and the early stages of the Cold War. Following World War II, Truman took part in his first major act in foreign affairs when he attended the Potsdam Conference to discuss how to rebuild the world after the war. Not long after, he was forced to make a controversial decision on whether to use nuclear warfare in the fight against Japan. President Truman also implemented his most famous act of foreign policy, the Truman Doctrine, which was created in an attempt to counteract the spread of the Soviet Union. In sum, Truman had a hugely positive impact on America and the way that United States diplomacy was executed throughout the Cold War era.
Many people believed that the New Deal did not go far enough in reforming the economy. On the other hand some believed it went too far. Despite great adjustments and revision, the year 1933 was considered to worst year economically during the depression. Along with internal changes, Roosevelt adopted the Good Neighbor Policy to fix and help United States relations with Latin America (“Good Neighbor Policy,” n.d.). By March of 1934, United States did show some economic recovery. Franklin D. Roosevelt followed in the footsteps of Herbert Hoover when it came to helping the nation economically. He used Hoover’s plan in recovering. Lots of the bills in the New Deal were similar to what Hoover’s strategy was when he was president. Roosevelt brought about a large number of changes. To make things worse, a severe dust storm strikes Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas, and Colorado on May of 1934 which becomes known as the Dust Bowl. That affects the whole country economically and for the people living there socially as well (“Miller Center,” n.d.).
The Truman Doctrine inspired the Marshall Plan in June of 1947. It was a European recovery program aimed to "reduce hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos and to restore the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and as Europe as a whole." However, indirectly it wanted to relinquish any and all hope for the communist and socialist...
The opening of the Eastern front caused Germany to shift some of its forces from Europe to invade the Soviet Union and the eventual loss of the war. The Siege of Leningrad is a battle between Germany and the Soviet Union, with little involvement from Finland on the side of the Axis Powers. During the start of the Operation, the weather was in favor of the invading German Forces. As the months passed, heavy rains began to slow the German Army due to the mud stopping armor and slowing the troop’s forward movement.
Another policy that occurred because of the war was the “open door” policy. America had much interest in Asia, and the Philippines provided a door to China. America viewed China as a weak country, and was afraid that other countries might attack China, take over, and exploit it. The annexation of the Philippines gave America the opportunity to “protect” china. So the Americans proposed an open door policy, where each country in the treaty were allowed a place of influence, where china had to respect the laws of the countries, but were allowed to collect tariffs.