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Essay about Bismarck foreign policy
Points for Bismarck's foreign policy
The role of Garibaldi in italy unification
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Historic Unification Tactics and Moves
Throughout history many different countries have been divided, strengthened and reunited. Two major countries that underwent division and reunification were Germany and Italy. Bismarck had used many different tactics, some successful and some unsuccessful, to strengthen and better unify Germany. The tactics that Bismarck utilized can be saw also by Abraham Lincoln in the United States. In Italy, Garibaldi and Cavour had attempted to bring the states and regions of Italy back together to unify all of parts of the country. Cavor and Garibaldi’s tactics had differed greatly and also were very similar to the tactics that Bismarck had used to unify Germany.
Bismarck used many tactics to help unify Germany.
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One way that Lincoln is similar to Bismarck is that he was trying to unify the United States by freeing the slaves and keeping the northern and southern parts of the United States content. One tactic that Bismarck used that is comparable to Lincoln’s tactic is that Bismarck attacked the Catholic Church and was vocal about his fighting for the separation of church and government. This relates to Lincoln’s tactic of being vocal and fighting against slavery. These two figures in history relate because they are being vocal about their opinions and are fighting for what they believe is right. In addition to fighting for what they believe in and being vocal, both leaders were trying to strengthen the government and reunify their country. Bismarck was trying to strengthen the German government by getting rid of the division by fighting against the socialists and the Church. This relates to Lincoln because he was reunifying the United States by supporting the north in the Civil War and getting rid of …show more content…
One way that Garibaldi had helped establish unity in Italy is that he wanted to create a republic government in Italy. This helped to create unity in Italy because he was suggesting a change for the government that would result in a fresh start for everyone in Italy. Garibaldi had put together an army of 1,000 red-shirted volunteers. Garibaldi had accepted help from Cavour, so Cavour had provided weapons and the ships for Garibaldi and his force to go to Sicily. Garibaldi and his army had won control of Sicily. This had resulted in Italy becoming more unified because the future was looking bright for the country, since they had unified Sicily with Italy. Another thing that Garibaldi had done is give responsibility of Naples and Sicily to Victor Emanuel. This was a monumental stepping stone in the unification of Italy because this move by Garibaldi had led to the southern Italy voting to approve the moving of Naples and Sicily to Emmanuel and the crowing of Victor Emmanuel II as king of Italy in 1861. By this move, Garibaldi had helped to unify Italy because he brought the southern part of Italy in unification with Sardinia. This left only Rome and Venetia ununited with Italy. After the Austro-Prussian War, Italy worked a deal out with Bismarck and had acquired Venetia. Finally, when France was forced to take out troops from Rome during the Franco-Prussian War, Italy had become
Research will be drawn from many sources including several historical studies and online articles. The sources used revolve around Bismarck's attitudes and actions toward German unification and general policy. Sources include works by historians A.J.P. Taylor and James Wycliffe Headlam. The policies of Bismarck during the interwar period were researched as well, through several scholastic journals and written works.
The North Italian states were better economically and politically than the Southern Italian states. This led to a less feeling of nationalism since the North and South were different and was one of the reasons why the early attempts in 1821, 1830 and 1848 for unification failed. A group called Carbonari was working towards unification of the Italian states. Carbonari meant the Charcoal Burners and it was a secret society. In early 19th century a Carbonari named Mazzini brought up the notion of “Young Italy”. He emphasized on the one Italian state. He soon becomes the famous Italian soldier. In 1833, Garibaldi meets Mazzini for the first time and enrolls for the Young Italy Movement. “Young Italy” movement was where Garibaldi rose up. Slowly the sense of an Italian state was coming up but still the states were lacking a leader who would lead the way to the
The positive effects of Benito Mussolini’s reign in Italy benefitted the country greatly. By putting Cesare Mori in charge of eliminating the mafia, he caused 11,000 of Italy’s criminals to be arrested, which caused the country’s crime rates to plummet. The nearly absolute end of the mafia brought peace and order to Italy, which the country’s citizens desperately needed. He also defended his country’s interests by going against the allies for not giving Italy the land that was promised to them if they joined them in the first world war. Mussolini also upgraded infrastructure in Italy and improved the Italian economy.
Bismarck believed that Germany should be united under Prussian leadership and that Austria should have nothing to do with Germany. Bismarck was chosen as chancellor by the Prussian king as he had a proven record as a monarchist and had little time for liberal and excessive parliamentary ideas. Bismarck helped his long term plan to unite Germany and to be the ruler by getting in a strong position with the king. The king owned Bismarck a 'favour´ as Bismarck had solved the king´s constitutional crisis. Bismarck played a crucial part in the unification of Germany as he helped to set up the Northern German Confederation after defeating Austria in the second of three wars.
Next, we will discuss the Risorgimento, a 19th-century movement for unification of Italy that would ultimately establish the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Before this time, the Italian peninsula
As the major defeated power, Germany was punished heavily by the Treaty of Versailles. She was to pay a huge indemnity, cede traditional territories, lose all overseas possessions, accept almost total disarmament and the "war-guilt" clause, etc. Both Italy and Germany had unsuccessful democratic experiment. The coalition party governments in both countries had been incompetent in restoring national pride and getting rid of massive unemployment and hyper-inflation. Thus, a strong leader and efficient one-party rule were accepted in both Italy and Germany.
Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt were both effective peacemakers, but Lincoln focused on creating peace in America while Theodore Roosevelt focused on foreign countries. When Lincoln became president the northern and southern states erupted into conflict over issues such as states’ rights and slavery (“Causes of the Civil War”). As the North and South fought, Lincoln did not only fight to help the North win, but sought out to reunite the North and South while abolishing slavery at the same time. When the Civil War was won by the North Lincoln avoided any hatred towards the Southern people and encouraged the Northern people to accept them back with. In a conversation with a woman who believed that the Southerners should be “destroyed” Lincoln told the woman “...am I not destroying my enemies when I make friends of them?" (Lincoln Quote 10/19/07). Unfortunately, Lincoln never got his chance to oversee the reunion...
One of the themes that has been addressed by writers since the beginning of civilization is the issue of the split between living in society and living by oneself. We see this in that peculiarly American genre of books known as "road books", in which the protagonist embarks upon a long journey or period of time away from society in order to "find themselves." One of the quintessential examples of this type of book is Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, technically a "river book" rather than a "road book". In it, as in many "road books" before and since, spending a long period of time away from society allows the protagonist to see the difference between the rules of mainstream society and the freedom of the wilderness. Through his journey, Twain illustrates the futility of living within society as contrasted to the freedom of being an outcast.
In 1866, the government went to Garibaldi again. Italy had made an alliance with Prussia to defeat the Austrians. Italy was promised Veniceif the alliance was victorious. Garibaldi successfully invaded Tyrol with a volunteer force.
The Italian Unification was a big impact on Nationalism, which was led by Benso di Cavour, which supplied most of the ideology for the movement. Benso di Cavour was also the Prince of Piedmont-Sardinia and severed as King Victor Emmanuel II. Cavour built the strength of Piedmont-Sardinia by making a strong army, an environment that was healthy, and political freedom. Cavour was all for freedom of speech, gaining Napoleon III support by promising him Sa...
He led the people of Italy with the mindset and many of the same ideas that Hitler used in Germany. ". a tendency had been developing in Italy in favor of closer relations with Germany, both politically and economically." 1. Mussolini, along with Hitler, pushed towards a nation that was free of Jews, and would consist solely of the "perfect man". Mussolini’s goal was to create an ultimate Italian empire, in alliance with Hitler’s Germany.
This consolidation process, called mediation, led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and brought the same French legal codes, measurements, and weights to most German-speaking areas, thus helping to modernize them. In 1806 Napoleon defeated the last independent and defiant German state, Prussia. The Prussians, quite naturally, were concerned about their defeat and started a thorough reform and modernization of the state and army (they "reinvented government"). Reformed Prussia became the hope of many other Germans who started to suffer increasingly under French occupation (which turned more repressive and exploitative) and their often forced cooperation with France.
In 1871 two new major states of Europe had been formed—the German Empire and the kingdom of Italy. The new German Empire, under the hand of Otto von Bismarck, was steered carefully, always with an eye upon France, for the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) had left France thirsting for revenge and for recovery of the lost provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. 2
In the early years of the twentieth century, Italy has created a new system of government, however suffered social and economic conditions. Improvements were made however, poverty and literacy were still problems that have not been solved well. While entering World War I, the nation was neutral up until joining the British and French in exchange for certain advantages. However, it was unsuccessful as Italy failed to take control of the territories that it claimed at the Versailles Peace Conference,and suffered significant losses. The ideology of fascism occurred when the power of Italy was shrinking and the idea of being a pacifist became weak. Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation.
... These three wars achieved Bismarck’s goals of obtaining support for the army reforms and unifying Germany under Prussian leadership (which meant the expulsion of Austria from Germany’s affairs). So, the unification of Germany in 1871 was achieved through a combination of factors: the idea held by the German people of a unified nation (nationalism), the fear held by the German aristocracy of anything which may result in a reduction to their power, such as liberalism and the ‘Napoleonic Fear’, the Prussian King William the first whose most important roles were appointing Bismarck and the introduction of the army reforms, and of course, Otto Von Bismarck. Bismarck was the reason for the three wars against Austria, France and Denmark, the implication of the Prussian army reforms and he made sure that the German states finally unified under the rule of a Prussian monarch, or ‘German Kaiser’, ruler of the newly founded German Empire in 1871.